Astronomy college course/Why planets lose their atmospheres/Quiz/Original version of this quiz

{It is important to distinguish between molecules (collectively) in a gas and one individual molecule. This question is about an individual molecule. For a planet with a given mass, size, and density, which has the greater escape velocity? } - the heavier molecule has the greater escape velocity - the lighter molecule has the greater escape velocity + all molecules have the same escape velocity - no molecules have escape velocity - all molecules move at the escape velocity {It is important to distinguish between molecules (collectively) in a gas and one individual molecule. This question is about a typical molecule in the gas. For a planet with a given mass, size, and density, which type of gas is more likely to escape? } + atoms in a hotter gas is more likely to escape - atoms in a denser gas are more likely to escape - atoms in a gas with more atomic mass are more likely to escape - all types of gas are equally likely to escape - atoms in a colder gas are more likely to escape {Which type of gas is likely to have the faster particles?} + a hot gas with low mass atoms - a hot gas with high mass atoms - a cold gas with low mass atoms - a cold gas with high mass atoms - all gasses on a given planet have the same speed {What is it about the isotopes of Argon-36 and Argon-38 that causes their relative abundance to be so unusual on Mars?} - different half-life + different speed - different chemical properties - identical mass - identical abundance {In the formula, $$\frac 1 2 m_\mathrm{atom}v_\mathrm{escape}^2=G_\mathrm{Newton}\frac{M_\mathrm{planet}m_\mathrm{atom}}{r_\mathrm{planet}}$$, which of the following is FALSE?} - vescape is independent of matom + the formula is valid for all launch angles - the formula is valid only if the particle is launched from the surface of planet of radius rplanet - the formula can be used to estimate how fast an atom must move before exiting the planet - the particle is assumed to have been launched vertically {What statement is FALSE about $$\frac 1 2 m_\mathrm{atom}\langle v_\mathrm{atom}^2 \rangle_{ave}= \frac{1}{2} k_\mathrm{B}T$$?} - The kinetic energy is directly proportional to temperature. - The average speed of a low mass particle is higher than the average speed of a high mass particle - Temperature is measured in Kelvins + Temperature is measured in Centigrades - This equation does not involve the size or mass of the planet. {$$\frac 1 2 m_\mathrm{atom}\langle v_\mathrm{atom}^2 \rangle_{ave}= \frac{1}{2} k_\mathrm{B}T$$, where T is temperature on the Kelvin scale. This formula describes:} - The speed an atom needs to escape the planet, where m is the mass of the atom. + The speed of a typical atom, where m is the mass of the atom. - The the speed an atom needs to escape the planet, where m is the mass planet. - The speed of a typical atom, where m is the mass of the planet. - The speed an atom needs to orbit the planet, where m is the mass of the atom.