Big bang/A Critique of Introduction to Plasma Astrophysics and Cosmology

(Review Paper) Cited in

The Universe is made up of Plasma
In order to prove the theory of Plasma Astrophysics and Cosmology, Kristian Birkeland observed that plasma is present on Earth and filled with electrons and flying electric ions of all kinds.

Rationale
Additionally, he observed an identical pattern in space which concludes that material matter is found in 'empty space'. Essentially, this theory supports the universal concept that matter was not created through a universal force, but rather was always present. The Big Bang Theory is counter-intuitive to Birkeland's positive observations.

Results
The Northern Lights are an example that supports Birkeland's observations. The Northern Lights are made up entirely of plasma (electrons and electric ions) and behave in the same fashion as plasma in space.