COVID-19/Summary of All COVID-19 Projects

There are many problems caused by COVID-19. All projects need solve at least one of the problems. There are 6 main objectives for COVID-19 projects. The subpage of the learning resource is based on resources of a Hackathons

Risk Literacy
Increase knowledge and awareness (see Risk Literacy)
 * 1) Tracking
 * 2) Functions: Record -> Aggregate -> Visualize -> Data Analyze and Predict -> Warn -> High-level Predict -> Prepare
 * 3) Record
 * 4) Number of cases and their location (dead/confirmed/ tested/ suspicious/recovered)
 * 5) Movement profiles of the infected
 * 6) How: Record the movement profiles (for past 2 weeks). Release them when tested positive for COVID-19:
 * 7) An app that allows users to "log in" and "out" places automatically, when they enter/leave that place (using mobile devices)
 * 8) An app that uses barcode/bluetooth/NFC/WLAN to record all contacts within a certain range locally (using mobile devices), when confirmed, only release info to those contacted people.
 * 9) An app records transaction data/ contact history/ GPS info (from google/ telcos)
 * 10) Self-report status("unsafe"/"suspected corona" or "cold symptoms"/"cured")/locations/historical movement (note: this is related to "test". It can combine with a system deducing the percentage of infection.)
 * 11) Type:
 * 12) Voluntary/ compulsory
 * 13) Done by government (e.g. South Korea)/ by non-profit organizations
 * 14) Release the info to the public/ Only release it to friends/contacts
 * 15) Centralized/ non-centralized
 * 16) Aggregate and Visualize
 * 17) Possible classification of data: (per county/ industry/ demographic group/ medical personnel etc)
 * 18) Output Type:
 * 19) A fast/ encrypted (or not)/ machine-readable report/ database
 * 20) A hot spot/ real time map
 * 21) Graphs
 * 22) API
 * 23) Data Analyze and Predict:
 * 24) What to achieve: deduce possible disease cluster/ infection chain/ trend/ estimated unreported cases
 * 25) How: AI / Other Machine Learning models/ Traditional statistical models/ SIR model
 * 26) Sources of data: info from telcos/ data about people with cold symptoms/ Number of cases/ Movement profile etc
 * 27) Visualization with extrapolation of future possible results (pessimistic/ optimistic)
 * 28) Warn:
 * 29) Using SMS to inform people who have contacted with the infected/ or the people nearby
 * 30) Example: IBM Plague Tracker/ MS Geolife GPS trajectories Data Set
 * 31) Increase Awareness
 * 32) Info that can be shared:
 * 33) Facts about the disease (fight fake news): symptoms/ pathological mechanism/ test procedure/ treatment/ prevention method/ correct methods to use medical supplies...etc
 * 34) Contact details (hospitals/ government/ companies/ emergency/ foreign affairs)
 * 35) Public strategies with reasons (shared by governments)
 * 36) New rules of conduct (for different groups: culture/religion/age/professions/language)
 * 37) News
 * 38) Possible negative or positive predictions
 * 39) Criteria for transferring knowledge: quickly/clearly/simple/up-to-date
 * 40) Different methods for transferring knowledge:
 * 41) Entertainment: Music videos(Vietnam)/ online games/ virtual quizzes (can form groups)/ Websites collecting memes, jokes and drawings about COVID-19 (e.g. https://www.corolores.com/index.php/category/home-office/)
 * 42) Online platform:
 * 43) A platform sharing links/videos/news/facts -> everyone has a list of selected items to share
 * 44) A crowdsourcing platform
 * 45) Platforms that answer common questions by professionals.
 * 46) A forum where ppl can ask questions related to COVID-19 -> can vote up,down/ comment;
 * 47) Or the questions can be obtained from Google or news publishers (from Google Search Console)
 * 48) real-time communication
 * 49) A hotline/ volunteer calls
 * 50) An interactive chatbot providing all info about COVID-19 (can use AI and IVR system) (e.g. IBM Watson Assistant)
 * 51) Other methods:
 * 52) A simulation showing how many ppl may be infected by you if you leave the home with COVID-19
 * 53) Influencers/ local companies
 * 54) Fight fake news
 * 55) A plug-in/ app/ bot for fact-checking using simple words, possibly using AI (e.g. www.politifact.com/ BotSentinel)
 * 56) Fake news filter (e.g. Facebook)
 * 57) Guidelines for how to share info on social media (e.g.https://www.whatsapp.com/coronavirus)
 * 58) Transfer important info to the vulnerable (old/ ill/ rural)
 * 59) Problem: Many ppl don't have digital life
 * 60) * Solution: TV/ paper/ hotline/ SMS/ easy to use software
 * 61) Problem: Identify/ Inform ppl they are vulnerable
 * 62) * Solution: Insurance companies can use their data to sms/email those vulnerable ppl

Infection Control
The main goal for infection control is to flatten the curve.
 * 1) Social Distancing
 * 2) Separate infected and non-infected people in a shared flat
 * 3) * Solution: Exchange flats for a short term, so that the infected can live in the same place
 * 4) Change original behavioral patterns
 * 5) An app that asks questions/ monitors GPS -> help ppl find their behavioral weakness and room for improvement
 * 6) Campaigns and daily challenges (e.g. record and share videos/ through social networks/ submitted via the app) (e.g. We the people for the Global Goals: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpqVmvMCmp0Happy)
 * 7) A system that divides ppl into 2 groups: those must work outside/ should not go out
 * 8) Give points/goodies to them if they do as expected
 * 9) Use GPS to measure distance between ppl
 * 10) Possibly gamify the app (e.g. Pokemon Go)
 * 11) Make indoor activities interesting
 * 12) An interesting game introducing COVID-19 (e.g. Plague-Inc) (note: related to "Increase Awareness"-> "Entertainment")
 * 13) Bringing together ppl with similar interest (note: related to "mental health")
 * 14) Indoor sports (note: related to "physical health")
 * 15) Problem: How ppl under quarantine/ at risk get goods
 * 16) * Solution: A food delivery system/ mutual aid group that prevent infection
 * 17) Problem: Mental problem due to loneliness
 * 18) Problem: If there are curfews, how can a person be temporarily authorized to leave home to provide for others
 * 19) * Solution: A mobile/ web app for vulnerable ppl to appoint their helpers
 * 20) Personal Hygiene
 * 21) knowledge about masks (note: related to "medical equipment")
 * 22) Wear masks/ wash hands
 * 23) Public Hygiene
 * 24) Identify hygiene traps that may increase infection rate
 * 25) Solution: A platform where we can upload pictures and descriptions about areas of hygiene traps
 * 26) Disinfect infectious contact points (e.g. supermarkets/hospitals/delivering parcels...)
 * 27) Identify who is recovered and who is infected (note: related to "test")
 * 28) Why: the recovered can contact the risky/ move around freely
 * 29) How:
 * 30) An automated digital triage (chatbot, SMS-bot, telephone system with question tree) to select suspected cases
 * 31) Mass testing
 * 32) Decision making
 * 33) Use big data to deduce the effectiveness/ economic impact of different preventive measures used by different regions
 * 34) A platform where everyone/companies can update their current/estimated economic loss
 * 35) An AI based system to give advice for functioning of electricity/ water/ transport/ food /security/health care etc
 * 36) Make timely plans with both global and local insights

Resource Management

 * 1) Stakeholders: authorities, associations, experts, service providers, hospitals
 * 2) Resources/Info Type (available and used):
 * 3) Medical equipment: gloves, masks, protective gowns, goggles, disinfectants, test toolkits, ventilators
 * 4) Medical Facilities: beds, patients transportation
 * 5) Medical Staff: doctors (including reservists, those for consulting firms), nurses, helpers
 * 6) Patients: (predicted) suspected, confirmed, ICU cases
 * 7) Finance
 * 8) Problem:
 * 9) Too many (suspected) patients waiting for test and treatment
 * 10) Insufficient medical resources
 * 11) Bad medical resource allocation
 * 12) Data protection
 * 13) Solution Workflow: Communicate -> Summarize -> Analyze and Prioritize -> Coordinate/ Use the data
 * 14) Communicate
 * 15) A common communication network for all stakeholders
 * 16) A special communication tool for medical staff/ stations, sharing picture/videos/ voice messages/lab data securely (e.g. Join)
 * 17) A communication method for the general public to contact different stakeholders easily
 * 18) Summarize
 * 19) What: all hospitals,manufacturers resource and manpower/ patients' info
 * 20) Input: Google sheet/ website form/ uploaded by appointed helpers
 * 21) Output: Database/ website/ app/ map
 * 22) Type:
 * 23) Confidential Version: for hospitals' use, may contain patients' info or other private data
 * 24) Public Version: For the general public/ outsiders to provide help
 * 25) Analyze and Prioritize
 * 26) How: AI/ resource managers
 * 27) Coordinate
 * 28) Exchange/ allocation of Resources (between different health sectors/ donation from the public)
 * 29) Voluntary help
 * 30) * A web showing which hospitals lack resources and how volunteers can help (e.g. donations)
 * 31) Coordination of production
 * 32) Logistics
 * 33) * Solution: A real-time software that coordinate production and logistics orders -> a workflow editor that can triggers an order for different material and corresponding transport/ product (e.g. system used by Siemens, Porsche)
 * 34) Factories can convert their production to medical supplies (note: related to "economy")
 * 35) Problem: lack of medical knowledge about self-production of medical supplies
 * 36) * Solution: A website/ database/ handbook to share the correct knowledge about self-producing
 * 37) Problem: Bottleneck in production of medical supplies due to lack of resources from abroad
 * 38) Patients distribution
 * 39) * An app advising patients where they should go
 * 40) ** It can also search for free beds/clinic within a radius
 * 41) Systems in other industry that can be used
 * 42) Bed capacity: hotel booking system
 * 43) patients transport: carpooling and fleet management systems (Uber, Lyft, Blacklane, Talixo, MyTaxi and co)
 * 44) Inventory tracking system
 * 45) Financial support

Specific Medical Supplies

 * 1) Test
 * 2) Problem: Testing procedure takes too much time
 * 3) Lengthy phone calls to determine whether needed to be tested
 * 4) Too many people taking tests
 * 5) Too many people calling hotlines
 * 6) Too many forms for doctors to fill in
 * 7) * Solution: Centralized data system/ app that fill in most of the info from health insurance card
 * 8) Solution Workflow:
 * 9) Preprocess (e.g. CovApp https://covapp.charite.de/)
 * 10) Asking necessary questions for testing (a platform/app):
 * 11) * Record of cough, temperature, symptoms, travel, risk group, region, contact list, electronic stethoscope
 * 12) Determine riskiness: Using AI/ helpers/ simple algorithms to estimate a probability of infection
 * 13) Give recommendations
 * 14) Prioritize test lists
 * 15) Test procedure
 * 16) Inform place,date,time of the test quickly
 * 17) Conduct tests:
 * 18) * Problem: Cross-infection during/before testing (note: solutions are all for swab test)
 * 19) Solution: At-home test
 * 20) * Swab delivery system: can be collected by special mail/ local collection spots
 * 21) * QR code system for identifying samples (for convenient management for labs too)
 * 22) Solution: Test booth
 * 23) Solution: An app link the potentially infected to special ambulances (mobile diagnostic centers)-> a test swab is taken at front door
 * 24) Inform all stakeholder of results
 * 25) Instruction and info for quarantine if test is positive
 * 26) Monitor those suspicious but not yet tested positive
 * 27) * An diary app recording symptoms everyday (using standardized questions) -> can link to hospital system if suspicious/ severe
 * 28) Other side impacts (note: related to "tracking"):
 * 29) * Big data analysis for analysing regional outbreak/ research (e.g. "real-time early warning system" for the virus used in Taiwan)
 * 30) Problem: A lot of ppl not tested
 * 31) * Solution: Mass testing by volunteers using PCR method
 * 32) Problem: Not enough test
 * 33) Ventilators
 * 34) * Solution: 3D-printed open source ventilators
 * 35) * Solution: Coordinate platform for designing ventilators: e.g. https://www.replacing-luck.de/doku.php
 * 36) Masks and Gloves
 * 37) * Solution: Sewing masks for public use (may find sewing community on social media)
 * 38) * Solution: A central platform that organizes the postal dispatch of masks and gloves
 * 39) Hand Sanitizers
 * 40) * Solution: small distillers/ brewery companies
 * 41) Protective gowns
 * 42) * Emergency Replacement: Raincoat
 * 43) Mobile rescue package for emergency situation
 * 44) * With an instructional app (e.g. https://mobilizerescue.com/the-technology)

Medical staff and services

 * 1) Shortage of manpower
 * 2) Problem: Too many ppl ask doctors for knowledge about COVID-19
 * 3) * Solution: Medical chatbots (note: related to "Increase awareness")
 * 4) Problem: How to provide regular/COVID-19 medical care at home
 * 5) * Solution: An app that digitalizes medical treatment and drug procurement: appointment/ consultation/ therapy sessions/ prescription/ order at the pharmacy/ payment -> with a drug delivery system to vicinity (the delivery system can combine with food/goods delivery)


 * 1) Problem: How to provide vaccination
 * 2) * Solution: Digital registration
 * 3) Problem: Medical staff overwork
 * 4) * Solution: A platform where medical staff can register and indicate what things others can help (e.g. shopping)
 * 5) Problem: Physical/psychological/social/economic problems for medical staff
 * 6) Voluntary work (for hospitals)
 * 7) Provide non-professional services for hospitals:
 * 8) * Assistance with food distribution/ cleaning aids/ medicine transports/ patient transports (ambulance replacement)/ guard service
 * 9) Help provide medical service:
 * 10) * Learning basics -> on-call/ assistant personnel for clinics
 * 11) A registration platform for those with medical competences/ knowledge but not qualified/ work as medics (e.g. medical students)
 * 12) * With a simple qualification/certificate verification process
 * 13) Problem: cross-infection at waiting room (note: related to "test"
 * 14) Solution: digital-registration
 * 15) Problem: Administration of tested/quarantined/ suspected cases within a community
 * 16) Solution: A database recording aftercare phone calls/ details of further treatment

Research for Treatment and Test

 * 1) Test:
 * 2) Use AI to analyze lung image
 * 3) Treatment
 * 4) A big database using AI to identify effectiveness of new treatment methods
 * 5) Legal issues
 * 6) * Simplify vaccine/ treatment approval process

Terminal care

 * 1) Digital/ phone calls (to family members)

Mental health
All emotions are interrelated.
 * 1) Reason: unemployment/ food shortage /restriction of freedom/ Isolation/ health condition/ death toll
 * 2) Problem: Loneliness (especially for nursing home residents)
 * 3) Chatting
 * 4) Method: hotline/ Whatsapp/ telegram/ online/ letters (pen friends)
 * 5) How: random chat/ normal chat/ (emergency) counselling/ chat room/ neighbourhood help
 * 6) Type: anonymous or not
 * 7) Example: "the swedish number" (https://www.theswedishnumber.com/
 * 8) Online/ Virtual platforms (note: also related to "Sadness", "Boredom")
 * 9) virtual concerts/ yoga courses/ computer games/ DIY instructions (cooking, building, learning, Playing, thinking)/ festivals/ conferences
 * 10) * For virtual concert: ppl can send a piece of music recorded live
 * 11) A digital framework for family conversation
 * 12) * May use virtual reality of familiar places (e.g. home)-> using 360 degree cameras
 * 13) Problem: Sadness and Fear
 * 14) Media (online or magazines) that only have positive news about COVID-19
 * 15) Lennon walls and stickers on walls to spread positive info (e.g. HK democratic movement)
 * 16) Balcony singing (e.g. Italy)
 * 17) Any cheerful and entertaining content
 * 18) Problem: Anxiety
 * 19) * Solution: Breathing exercises/ meditation
 * 20) Problem: Boredom
 * 21) * A platform teaching ppl how to learn new hobbies/ transform old hobbies into corona-safe
 * 22) Problem: We might not know if ppl around us are distressed
 * 23) * Solution: Mood trackers
 * 24) Problem: Disputes and conflicts
 * 25) * Solution: A platform/online training/webinar solving conflicts/disputes/fear
 * 26) Professional treatment for mental problems
 * 27) * What to provide: psychoeducation/ stress management/ emotion regulation/ sleep training
 * 28) * Solution: A secured platform providing affordable/free coaching
 * 29) ** Who can register as healers: social work/ occupational therapists/ psychologists/ recovery companions/ peer counselors/ psychological healers
 * 30) * Solution: An (AI-based) app/ website to provide understandable and entertaining psychological methods
 * 31) ** Website (e.g. www.info-daretocare.de)
 * 32) ** AI-based apps (e.g. Moodpath, Selfapy)

Physical health

 * 1) Sports: indoor sports
 * 2) Help the weak
 * 3) Ppl with chronic illess
 * 4) * Sol: A virtual place for ppl to share info (note: can be combined)
 * 5) Ppl with mental illness (note: related to "mental")
 * 6) * Sol: Matching helpers nearby with those with mental illness.
 * 7) Domestic violence
 * 8) The old
 * 9) * Problem: they may have no cell phone/ smart phone
 * 10) ** Solution: provide local help regarding communication
 * 11) ** Solution: Get data from residents' registration office (privacy?)
 * 12) * Problem: they need help during the crisis
 * 13) ** Solution: Neighbourhood help applications/ with automatic telephone answering machine via the Twilio API
 * 14) *** Explanation: multiple function: help with shopping/ getting goods, help with the household (taking out the garbage) or just a nice phone call
 * 15) *** Explanation: hotline with speech synthesis, basically act like siri-> auto-recording of orders
 * 16) *** Explanation: remote call center with volunteers
 * 17) *** Explanation: record time slots/ info/ region/ shopping list/ trace the purchase by photos
 * 18) *** Explanation: No contact when delivery goods
 * 19) *** Problem: payment (paypal?)
 * 20) * Problem: Old ppl's homes have introduced a ban on visitors (note: also related to "mental")
 * 21) ** Sol: telephone/digital communication
 * 22) Childcare
 * 23) * Problem: Youth welfare is low
 * 24) ** Sol: New types of low-threshold/"just-in-time"/face-to-face digital counseling service.
 * 25) * Problem: No schools -> look for children 24 hrs at home
 * 26) ** Sol: Interactive learning platform -> children can ask ppl (higher grades/tutors/ teachers) questions with skype
 * 27) ** Sol: Free Internet/ used discarded laptops for those don't have the equipment
 * 28) ** Sol: Digital baby sitting-> help stop too-borderline content/ explain/ give parents feed back when children surf the net and play in online playgroups.
 * 29) ** Sol: audio books for children/ read them live
 * 30) ** Sol: A calendar with many daily challenges so that kids will not feel bored
 * 31) * Problem: Children cannot play outside
 * 32) ** Sol: Table tennis at home/ an online platform coordinate sponsors to provide table tennis
 * 33) * Problem: Parents don't know what to do -> mental health
 * 34) ** Sol:A platform for parents to share and support each other/ provide tips, time routine/activities/games/ educational methods/ recommendation from pediatricians and family therapists and employers -> (e.g. www.easyfam.com ?)
 * 35) ** Sol: A recommended daily routine list for children
 * 36) * Problem: Separated parents
 * 37) ** Sol: Virtual mediators-> help parents make arrangements for children. E.g. CoParenter in USA
 * 38) Homeless/ refugees
 * 39) Deaf or insufficient language ppl
 * 40) * Problem: may easy believe in fake news/ follow the current situation
 * 41) * Problem: How to contact medical staff
 * 42) ** Solution: video system with sign language?
 * 43) * Problem: International colleague/students
 * 44) ** Sol: Place them in a shared apartment complex
 * 45) * Sol: A multi-language hotline/ website for important news (same class as "awareness")
 * 46) * Sol: A translation service (by AI or helpers) for emergency contact with others
 * 47) Ppl living abroad
 * 48) * Insufficient embassies and consulates general
 * 49) ** Contact persons at the embassy in case of emergency- Procedure in case of suspicion or illness in nCoV- Hospitals and outpatient clinics that can test for nCoV and treat it if necessary (with adequate health standards)- Risk assessment of the Foreign Office for individual countries- Evacuation plans and information on local travel regulations- Local regulations for quarantine measures- Prevention measures and behaviour during quarantine measures (especially for families)- Information on health insurance etc (case.428)
 * 50) * Sol: A mailing list to all ppl working abroad
 * 51) * Sol: In emergency situation-> a direct contact with embassy or doctors

catering

 * 1) takeaway
 * 2) donate: prepare meals and deliver them to the needy people
 * 3) * Solution: A platform receiving donations and give out dishes at a standard price (especially to those in quarantine)
 * 4) virtual restaurants/ virtual coffee, beer
 * 5) be able to order a digital drink
 * 6) talk via video calls, online chat
 * 7) the restaurants are verified with map/restaurant association

Culture/ Art offers

 * 1) Problem: many events are cancelled
 * 2) * Solutions:
 * 3) *# Introduction: An online event database for all culture streaming offers
 * 4) *# Paid events:
 * 5) *## Paid access to online concert
 * 6) *## Online exhibition with entrance fee/ introduction videos -> visitors' questions can be answered by artists/ visitors can buy things
 * 7) *# Online platform with donation functions
 * 8) *# A digital place to share with friends about art and culture

Taxi/ trade/ tourism/ travel

 * 1) (Using mutual aid app) free capacity for transportation for shopping / vulnerable people / quarantined ppl/ online delivery

Agriculture

 * 1) A general Solution: Simplify the farming process
 * 2) Problem: Lack of helpers/ seasonal workers
 * 3) * Bad Impact: No collection of milk/ vegetables/ farming
 * 4) * Solutions: App/ platform/ social media for coordination and hiring (short-term contract) -> farmers mutual help/ help from volunteers/ hire unemployed (note: related to "shop" and "unemployment")
 * 5) ** With search function/ description/ calendar function
 * 6) Problem: Many veg and fruits will be rotten very fast if not deliver in time
 * 7) * Solutions: Online fast order system
 * 8) Other Problems:
 * 9) * Shortage of feed due to possible bans on importing
 * 10) * Food supply/ Energy supply due to biogas
 * 11) * animal welfare

Supermarkets/ shops / lack of resources

 * 1) Different aspects: Hygiene/ Advertisement/ Finance/ Business/ Lack of Labour/ Lack of resources <-> Hamster purchases
 * 2) General Solution: A map/ platform showing all the (local) shops, with the following functions
 * 3) Info Shown:
 * 4) Shops' menu/ phone number/ location/ capacity/ category
 * 5) Whether/ when shops are full/ open or close -> recommend ppl where to buy
 * 6) * Analyzing WLAN and Bluetooth signals from nearby devices (e.g. HEAG Mobilo www.heagmobilo.de)
 * 7) Inventory status (whether certain goods are available)
 * 8) Authentication for shops
 * 9) Direct communication with sellers
 * 10) * using personal/partly automated telephone/app
 * 11) Finance support: donation, lend money to sellers
 * 12) A long-term model like Patreon
 * 13) May use a block-chain/ crowdfunding/ P2P leading/ solidarity fund
 * 14) Transaction
 * 15) buying gift cards/vouchers for later service/ (special) goods
 * 16) * Protection for customers: Government guarantee protecting against the event of bankruptcy
 * 17) * Advantage: We can send this personalized gift cards to others (note: related to "isolation and loneliness")
 * 18) online shopping
 * 19) How to get goods: delivery service/ self-fetching
 * 20) How to pack goods: stuff put in hygienic containers
 * 21) How to pick up: book pick-up date (use QR code)
 * 22) How to pay: QR code/ digital payment
 * 23) How to deliver goods:
 * 24) Decentralized/ centralized(delivery once a day using a central coordinate system)
 * 25) Delivery method: voluntary/ taxi-transformed system/ logistic company/ a system like Uber
 * 26) special shopping time slots
 * 27) Type 1: different time slots for different risk groups (UK) (e.g. https://www.transporeon.com/en/products/management/time-slot-management/)
 * 28) Type 2: book shopping time slots (May use QR code)
 * 29) Type 2.1: only those booked are allowed to enter
 * 30) Type 2.2: those booked are allowed to queue for a special fast queue
 * 31) Special arrangement for those in need
 * 32) * Possible pre-ordering for ppl with "certificates" proving they have a special need (note: related to "lack of resources")
 * 33) Help buyers (note: related to "Hygiene" as well)
 * 34) Mutual aid: allows ppl to buy goods for others
 * 35) Type 1: Ppl can order goods from who is shopping nearby (like Uber, with a fee)
 * 36) Type 2: Form a group -> establish a common shopping list -> buy things for others in the group
 * 37) A guide/ personalized checklist for ppl: what they need to buy/keep in stock
 * 38) * Reminded by their app when/where their need is available
 * 39) Hygiene
 * 40) Shops' perspective
 * 41) Management the number of clients in shops
 * 42) Keeping physical distance between clients and employees
 * 43) Protection for employees (e.g. masks and gloves)
 * 44) Prepare pre-filled shopping bags for fast buying (e.g. "Vegetable" bag contains vegetables)
 * 45) Finance
 * 46) * Solution: A program where big online shops agree to give some money they earn to small shops chosen by customers
 * 47) Advertisement
 * 48) * Solution: Can use automated SMS/ interactive map to create advertisements for local shops (note: what if ppl don't want them)
 * 49) Lack of Labour
 * 50) * Problem: Hotlines overwhelmed by customer concerns
 * 51) ** Solution: Automated AI support: recording in digital form/ cleansing private info/ scanning and clustering to create an organization-specific Corona structure/ know the main topics and problems customers have / choose the standard solution to them/ evaluation of the response
 * 52) Lack of resources
 * 53) Logistics
 * 54) Problem: ppl like canned food, but not vegetables
 * 55) * Solution: cookbook with 60-80 recipes based on basic ingredients
 * 56) * Solution: turn fresh vegetables into canned food
 * 57) Solution: An app for efficient rationing in the region-> match essential demand with supply, using a centralized supply system
 * 58) Solution: A platform for exchange/donate/borrowing resources and labour (note: related to "Unemployment")
 * 59) * Possible to use: Open-source based block-chain or distributed ledge technology (decentralized and transparant)
 * 60) Big online shop/platform
 * 61) * They benefit from this COVID-19 (e.g. Amazon) -> they charge high fees

Bank

 * 1) Digital/ partially automated processes (for the following processes)
 * 2) * processing financing applications
 * 3) * official procedures
 * 4) * Online banking

Small economic units

 * 1) Definition: traders/ producers/ craftsmen/ caretakers/ logisticians/ self-employed persons/ Start-ups and SMEs etc
 * 2) Finance:
 * 3) * Problem: Small companies have no mature financial system/ CFO
 * 4) ** Solution: A CFO on demand platform
 * 5) *** What to provide: practices/tools/workflows/templates /advice
 * 6) *** About what: Cash Flow management/ KPI/ financial reports/ Virtual conferences/ Expert surveys/ Courses and learning materials/ tool vendors/ Virtual niche events
 * 7) * Problem: Small companies may have greater liquidity problem
 * 8) ** Solution: Financial buffer/ emergency fund
 * 9) Law (low cost):
 * 10) * Problem: Law issues about short-time work/child care/ holidays/dismissals/wage claims
 * 11) ** Solution: Student legal advice
 * 12) A general platform:
 * 13) * Solution: A platform for entrepreneurs/ self-employed ppl to post a short message talking about their challenge -> can be helped in different ways (donations/ discussion/ opinions)
 * 14) Funding: Business angel networks/ crowd funding/ micro-credits

Normal business

 * 1) Digital/ Innovative  Solutions (low-threshold and scalable)：
 * 2) Team platform (e.g. MS Team or similar)
 * 3) A free/digital marketplace where companies can easily set up their business (e.g. Digital Mall)
 * 4) Innovative logistics approaches (e.g. open parcel shops)
 * 5) EU corona response initiative
 * 6) Virtual trade fair
 * 7) Finance:
 * 8) Fintecs
 * 9) Information platforms (bundling/ filtering/ processing many econ and financial info)
 * 10) Problem: Insolvency and liquidity problem
 * 11) Home Office
 * 12) * Problem: no fast verbal communication
 * 13) ** Solution: establish a company level chat facilities with security in mind (e.g. Virtual project room)
 * 14) * Problem: How to reorganize and redesign processes and working methods -> work effectively
 * 15) * Problem: Digital administration
 * 16) ** Solution: To develop simple/ user-friendly and safe solutions for PCs to be switched on remotely
 * 17) * Problem: There is a mass of unused professional equipment due to office work
 * 18) ** Solution: they can be lend to others/ receive cashless payment
 * 19) * Problem: Lack of knowledge
 * 20) ** Solution: A platform finding existing tools,solutions/providing guidelines for office work

Unemployment

 * 1) Industries that lack labour: supermarkets, harvesting, nursing, delivery services, people who shop for others, web designers, etc
 * 2) Solution: An online platform matching those need to work and those need labour (note: related to "agriculture")
 * 3) Those need to work: The unemployed/ students looking for part-time job/ idle employees not yet fired
 * 4) Optional solution: Temporary loaning employees between companies
 * 5) Info provided:
 * 6) * skill/ exp/ possible time frame/ region matching
 * 7) Characteristics of the jobs provided:
 * 8) * Uncomplicated/ location-oriented (like Uber)
 * 9) Templates/ recommendations provided:
 * 10) * legal advice/ contract, regulation, insurance framework template
 * 11) How to introduce the new job:
 * 12) * Interdisciplinary mentoring, introduction videos for career changers
 * 13) Problem: Temporary employees may not be protected properly-> they are not a member of trade union/ lack of social security/ safety

Financial request/ support

 * 1) Apply for government financial aid/ equity capital/ loan
 * 2) Solution Flow: Summarize information -> recommendation -> simplify and automation
 * 3) Summarize information
 * 4) * Solution: bundle all information offers (e.g. info about law/ possible reconstruction ...)
 * 5) Recommendation
 * 6) * Solution: A platform for procurement of equity capital/ loan (similar to online dating platforms)
 * 7) * Problem: It is unclear which aid/ loan program is suitable
 * 8) ** Solution: A digital/ standardized/ AI system to find out which funding programmes are suitable
 * 9) Simplify and automation
 * 10) * Problem: the application system for financial aid/ loan is too complex (too many forms)
 * 11) *# Solution: A simple digital platform for short-time work benefits
 * 12) *# Solution: Semi-auto entering info and doc/sending the applications/ process cases/ digital payment
 * 13) Directly help those who need money
 * 14) * Solution: Financial support groups (redistribution of income among groups)(note: this looks like communism)
 * 15) * A platform for asking for help (e.g. Share the meal)
 * 16) Problem: possible abuse

Digital Economy

 * 1) digital donation/ payment/ micro-investment/ contract
 * 2) Usage of blockchain
 * 3) * Smart contract
 * 4) Usage of cryptocurrency

Maintain societal function

 * 1) Education
 * 2) * e-learning platform
 * 3) * virtual classroom
 * 4) Government Operation
 * 5) Communication between social groups
 * 6) Crisis management
 * 7) Public administration
 * 8) Culture/ Art offers (note: solutions already shown in "economy" section)
 * 9) Border control
 * 10) Problem: Congestion at border (e.g. trucks) -> delivery bottleneck -> spoiled good
 * 11) * Solution: QR code for police: Auto-fill some info for online questionnaire/ avoid double check
 * 12) * Solution: Automated entry/exit control system, with license plate readers
 * 13) Data and cyber security
 * 14) * Increase awareness for companies
 * 15) ** Solution: A video campaign shows the biggest mistakes made by home office and simulates popular cyber attack
 * 16) ** Solution: A blacklist including fake article websites/apps
 * 17) Social welfare system
 * 18) Problem: drop in donation for charity
 * 19) Problem: Social workers hard to meet those need help
 * 20) * Solution: Video chat
 * 21) Food banks
 * 22) * Problem: lack resources
 * 23) ** Sol: An online food donation platform
 * 24) * Problem: difficult to distribute rations in food banks
 * 25) ** Sol: helpers help delivery food
 * 26) Religion
 * 27) Problem: No church service or gathering
 * 28) * Bad Impact: Mental problem
 * 29) * Solution: Make it digital, while keeping the prayer format close to the original version
 * 30) * Solution: Let believers to communicate with each other -> do not feel lonely

Support other projects

 * 1) Allocation of helpers and resources
 * 2) Think from different perspectives: companies/ volunteers/ those need help/ those with extra resources
 * 3) Sol: Distribution of tokens for projects and supporters -> provide evidence of value -> tokens can be used as medium of exchange in P2P marketplaces or discounts
 * 4) Sol: A (real-time) platform for finding and registering volunteers/ special skills are recorded and verified
 * 5) Funding
 * 6) Micro-donation
 * 7) * Solution: donation campaign->customers round up their purchase (e.g. Germany rounds up" donation campaign: http://www.deutschland-rundet-auf.de)
 * 8) * Sol: online shopping -> advertising commissions are generated via so-called affiliate marketing
 * 9) Problem: not transparent
 * 10) * Sol: transparent distribution of donations (using bitcoins, e.g. https://github.com/protontypes/openselery)
 * 11) Reimbursement of travel expenses
 * 12) Advertising
 * 13) A common platform for all projects
 * 14) A centralized database (proper visualization)
 * 15) real-time
 * 16) Telecommunication providers have to provide movement profiles
 * 17) Health authorities have to report their case numbers centrally
 * 18) Hospitals report their capacity in real time/ length of stay
 * 19) Retail sales
 * 20) Anonymous patient data
 * 21) Num of death/ excess mortality cases (with or without acute respiratory disease, with or without COVID-19 detected)
 * 22) Efficient information transfer
 * 23) Coordination between service provides and regional coordination
 * 24) Ideas and knowledge (proper visualization)
 * 25) A platform to exchange ideas and experiences (e.g. for different projects) ->network the knowledge

Other

 * List of communication methods: telephone, website, chat bots, messenger apps and language assistance systems such as Amazon Echo, Google Home, etc.
 * Things ppl should know: Rules of conduct for social contacts/ Hygiene rules (e.g. door handles/ phones) /Own assessment of whether belongs to the risk group/ Which authorities are responsible/ Travel rules
 * Standardization of projects (for ventilators): goals/non-goals/budget/laws / Secures stored evidence/concepts/ guidelines/ work instruction procedures via on/offline tooling provides a comprehensive structure/ guidance for implementation as well as a highly available and redundant platform to implement an up-to-date/ emergency preparedness management/ As well as a very good integration and digitalization of necessary documentation ->  (Case.224)