Cisco Networking/CCENT/Dynamic Routing

This lesson covers dynamic routing using RIP, EIGRP, and OSPF.

Objectives and Skills
Objectives and skills for the OSPF portion of Cisco CCENT certification include:
 * Differentiate methods of routing and routing protocols
 * Static vs. dynamic
 * Link state vs. distance vector
 * Next hop
 * Ip routing table
 * Passive interfaces (how they work)
 * Configure and verify OSPF (single area)
 * Benefit of single area
 * Configure OSPv2 in a single area
 * Configure OSPv3 in a single area
 * Router ID
 * Passive interface

Readings

 * 1)  Dynamic routing
 * 2)  Routing Information Protocol
 * 3)  Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
 * 4)  Open Shortest Path First
 * 5) Cisco: Introduction to Dynamic Routing Protocols
 * 6) Cisco: Routing Information Protocol
 * 7) Cisco: Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
 * 8) Cisco: Open Shortest Path First

Multimedia

 * 1) YouTube: Static and Dynamic Routing - CompTIA Network+ N10-005: 1.4
 * 2) YouTube: Link State, Distance Vector, and Hybrid Routing Protocols - CompTIA Network+ N10-005: 1.4
 * 3) YouTube: Routing Metrics - CompTIA Network+ N10-005: 1.4
 * 4) YouTube: Convergence - CompTIA Network+ N10-005: 1.4
 * 5) YouTube: Understanding RIP - CompTIA Network+ N10-005: 1.4
 * 6) YouTube: Understanding EIGRP - CompTIA Network+ N10-005: 1.4
 * 7) YouTube: Understanding OSPF - CompTIA Network+ N10-005: 1.4
 * 8) Cisco: Introducing the OSPF Protocol
 * 9) Cisco: OSPF Troubleshooting Neighbor Adjacencies
 * 10) YouTube: How to configure Routing RIP on Cisco Routers
 * 11) YouTube: RouterGods - Basic of OSPF configuration on Cisco routers

router rip
To configure the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) routing process, use the router rip command in global configuration mode. router rip

network
To specify a list of networks for the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) routing process, use the network command in router configuration mode. RIP sends updates to the interfaces in the specified networks. network  network 192.168.1.0

Command Sequence
A command sequence to configure dynamic routing using RIP might be similar to the following. Routing must typically be configured on source, intermediate, and destination network routers for responses to be received. enable configure terminal

router rip network 192.168.1.0 exit exit

show ip route ping 192.168.3.1 trace 192.168.3.1

exit

router eigrp
To configure the Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) routing process, use the router eigrp command in global configuration mode. router eigrp  router eigrp 1

network
To specify the network for an Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) routing process, use the network command in router configuration mode or address-family configuration mode. network   network 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255

Command Sequence
A command sequence to configure dynamic routing using EIGRP might be similar to the following. Routing must typically be configured on source, intermediate, and destination network routers for responses to be received. enable configure terminal

router eigrp 1 network 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 exit exit

show ip route ping 192.168.3.1 trace 192.168.3.1

exit

router ospf
To configure an Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing process, use the router ospf command in global configuration mode. router ospf  router ospf 1

network area
To define the interfaces on which Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) runs and to define the area ID for those interfaces, use the network area command in router configuration mode. network   area  network 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0

router-id
To use a fixed router ID, use the router-id command in router configuration mode. router-id  router-id 192.168.1.1

passive-interface
To disable sending routing updates on an interface, use the passive-interface command in router configuration mode. passive-interface passive-interface FastEthernet 0/1

show ip ospf
To display general information about OSPF routing processes, use the show ip ospf command in EXEC mode. show ip ospf

ipv6 ospf area
To enable Open Shortest Path First version 3 (OSPFv3) on an interface, use the ip v6 ospf area command in interface configuration mode. ipv6 ospf  area  ipv6 ospf 1 area 0

Command Sequence
A command sequence to configure dynamic routing using OSPF might be similar to the following. Routing must typically be configured on source, intermediate, and destination network routers for responses to be received. enable configure terminal

router ospf 1 network 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0 router-id 192.168.1.1 exit

interface fastethernet0/0 ipv6 ospf 1 area 0 exit

interface fastethernet0/1 ipv6 ospf 1 area 0 exit exit

show ip ospf show ip route show ipv6 ospf show ipv6 route

ping 192.168.3.1 trace 192.168.3.1 ping 2001:db8:1::1 trace 2001:db8:1::1 exit

Activities

 * 1) Complete the Cisco Open Shortest Path First training tutorial.
 * 2) Configure and test RIP routing.Cisco CCENT Routing 3.png
 * 3) Add three routers and two VPCS PCs to a new GNS3 project.
 * 4) Add links to connect the following.
 * 5) * PC1 Ethernet0 <-> R1 FastEthernet0/0
 * 6) * R1 FastEthernet0/1 <-> R2 FastEthernet0/0
 * 7) * R2 FastEthernet0/1 <-> R3 FastEthernet0/0
 * 8) * PC2 Ethernet0 <-> R3 FastEthernet0/1
 * 9) Start the devices.
 * 10) Set the following IP addresses, subnet masks, and for the PCs, default gateways
 * 11) * R1 FastEthernet0/0 = 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
 * 12) * R1 FastEthernet0/1 = 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
 * 13) * R2 FastEthernet0/0 = 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
 * 14) * R2 FastEthernet0/1 = 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
 * 15) * R3 FastEthernet0/0 = 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
 * 16) * R3 FastEthernet0/1 = 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
 * 17) * PC1 Ethernet0 = 192.168.1.11 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1
 * 18) * PC2 Ethernet0 = 192.168.4.11 255.255.255.0 192.168.4.1
 * 19) Display the routing tables using the following command.
 * 20) Test the configuration using the following commands from the routers and the PCs.  Test all router and PC addresses.  Only the connected routes should be successful.
 * 21) Add RIP routing to all routers using the following commands.
 * 22) Display the routing tables using the following command.
 * 23) Test the configuration using the following commands from the routers and the PCs.  Test all router and PC addresses.  All tests should be successful.
 * 24) Configure and test EIGRP routing.Cisco CCENT Routing 3.png
 * 25) Add three routers and two VPCS PCs to a new GNS3 project (or disable RIP from above using   and then skip down to display the routing tables).
 * 26) Add links to connect the following.
 * 27) * PC1 Ethernet0 <-> R1 FastEthernet0/0
 * 28) * R1 FastEthernet0/1 <-> R2 FastEthernet0/0
 * 29) * R2 FastEthernet0/1 <-> R3 FastEthernet0/0
 * 30) * PC2 Ethernet0 <-> R3 FastEthernet0/1
 * 31) Start the devices.
 * 32) Set the following IP addresses, subnet masks, and for the PCs, default gateways
 * 33) * R1 FastEthernet0/0 = 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
 * 34) * R1 FastEthernet0/1 = 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
 * 35) * R2 FastEthernet0/0 = 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
 * 36) * R2 FastEthernet0/1 = 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
 * 37) * R3 FastEthernet0/0 = 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
 * 38) * R3 FastEthernet0/1 = 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
 * 39) * PC1 Ethernet0 = 192.168.1.11 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1
 * 40) * PC2 Ethernet0 = 192.168.4.11 255.255.255.0 192.168.4.1
 * 41) Display the routing tables using the following command.
 * 42) Test the configuration using the following commands from the routers and the PCs.  Test all router and PC addresses.  Only the connected routes should be successful.
 * 43) Add EIGRP routing to all routers using the following commands.
 * 44) Display the routing tables using the following command.
 * 45) Test the configuration using the following commands from the routers and the PCs.  Test all router and PC addresses.  All tests should be successful.
 * 46) Configure and test OSPF routing.Cisco CCENT Routing 3.png
 * 47) Add three routers and two VPCS PCs to a new GNS3 project (or disable RIP or EIGRP from above using   or   and then skip down to display the routing tables).
 * 48) Add links to connect the following.
 * 49) * PC1 Ethernet0 <-> R1 FastEthernet0/0
 * 50) * R1 FastEthernet0/1 <-> R2 FastEthernet0/0
 * 51) * R2 FastEthernet0/1 <-> R3 FastEthernet0/0
 * 52) * PC2 Ethernet0 <-> R3 FastEthernet0/1
 * 53) Start the devices.
 * 54) Set the following IP addresses, subnet masks, and for the PCs, default gateways
 * 55) * R1 FastEthernet0/0 = 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
 * 56) * R1 FastEthernet0/1 = 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
 * 57) * R2 FastEthernet0/0 = 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
 * 58) * R2 FastEthernet0/1 = 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
 * 59) * R3 FastEthernet0/0 = 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
 * 60) * R3 FastEthernet0/1 = 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
 * 61) * PC1 Ethernet0 = 192.168.1.11 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1
 * 62) * PC2 Ethernet0 = 192.168.4.11 255.255.255.0 192.168.4.1
 * 63) Display the routing tables using the following command.
 * 64) Test the configuration using the following commands from the routers and the PCs.  Test all router and PC addresses.  Only the connected routes should be successful.
 * 65) Add OSPF routing to all routers using the following commands.
 * 66) Display the routing tables using the following command.
 * 67) Test the configuration using the following commands from the routers and the PCs.  Test all router and PC addresses.  All tests should be successful.
 * 1) * PC2 Ethernet0 <-> R3 FastEthernet0/1
 * 2) Start the devices.
 * 3) Set the following IP addresses, subnet masks, and for the PCs, default gateways
 * 4) * R1 FastEthernet0/0 = 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
 * 5) * R1 FastEthernet0/1 = 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
 * 6) * R2 FastEthernet0/0 = 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
 * 7) * R2 FastEthernet0/1 = 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
 * 8) * R3 FastEthernet0/0 = 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
 * 9) * R3 FastEthernet0/1 = 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
 * 10) * PC1 Ethernet0 = 192.168.1.11 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1
 * 11) * PC2 Ethernet0 = 192.168.4.11 255.255.255.0 192.168.4.1
 * 12) Display the routing tables using the following command.
 * 13) Test the configuration using the following commands from the routers and the PCs.  Test all router and PC addresses.  Only the connected routes should be successful.
 * 14) Add OSPF routing to all routers using the following commands.
 * 15) Display the routing tables using the following command.
 * 16) Test the configuration using the following commands from the routers and the PCs.  Test all router and PC addresses.  All tests should be successful.
 * 1) Add OSPF routing to all routers using the following commands.
 * 2) Display the routing tables using the following command.
 * 3) Test the configuration using the following commands from the routers and the PCs.  Test all router and PC addresses.  All tests should be successful.
 * 1) Display the routing tables using the following command.
 * 2) Test the configuration using the following commands from the routers and the PCs.  Test all router and PC addresses.  All tests should be successful.
 * 1) Test the configuration using the following commands from the routers and the PCs.  Test all router and PC addresses.  All tests should be successful.

Lesson Summary

 * Dynamic or adaptive routing involves automatic updating of routing tables based on information carried by routing protocols.
 * Routing protocols are divided into interior and exterior protocols. Interior protocols are further divided into distance-vector protocols and link-state protocols.  Distance-vector routing protocols are simple and efficient in small networks.  Larger networks use link-state routing protocols.
 * Distance-vector routing protocols require that a router informs its neighbors of topology changes periodically. Each link is assigned a numeric distance or cost value, and information is shared among neighboring routers to accumulate a total cost to a given destination.
 * Link-state protocols require that a router inform all the nodes in a network of topology changes. Each node shares information regarding the nodes it can connect to with the entire network so that each node can build its own network map and determine for itself the least cost path to any given node.
 * Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a distance-vector routing protocol which employs the hop count as a routing metric. RIP uses the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) as its transport protocol, and is assigned the reserved port number 520.
 * Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is a Cisco proprietary advanced distance-vector routing protocol, with optimizations to minimize both the routing instability incurred after topology changes, as well as the use of bandwidth and processing power in the router.
 * Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a link-state routing protocol. OSPF does not use a TCP/IP transport protocol (UDP, TCP), but is encapsulated directly in IP datagrams with protocol number 89.
 * OSPFv2 covers IPv4 networks. OSPFv3 adds support for IPv6.
 * To configure the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) routing process, use the  command in global configuration mode.
 * To specify a list of networks for the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) routing process, use the  command in router configuration mode.  RIP sends updates to the interfaces in the specified networks.
 * To configure the Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) routing process, use the  command in global configuration mode.
 * To specify the network for an Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) routing process, use the  command in router configuration mode or address-family configuration mode.
 * To configure an Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing process, use the  command in global configuration mode.
 * To define the interfaces on which Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) runs and to define the area ID for those interfaces, use the  command in router configuration mode.
 * To use a fixed router ID, use the  command in router configuration mode.
 * To disable sending routing updates on an interface, use the  command in router configuration mode.
 * To display general information about OSPF routing processes, use the  command in EXEC mode.
 * To enable Open Shortest Path First version 3 (OSPFv3) on an interface, use the  command in interface configuration mode.

Key Terms

 * Area Border Router (ABR)
 * An OSPF router that maintains separate link state databases for each area it serves and maintains summarized routes for all areas in the network.


 * classful routing protocol
 * A routing protocol that identifies networks based on the first four bits of the network address.


 * classless routing protocol
 * A routing protocol that identifies networks based on the network address and a variable length subnet mask.


 * convergence
 * The state of a set of routers that have the same topological information about the internetwork in which they operate.


 * distance vector
 * A routing protocol in which each node builds a table of relative distance and/or performance to other networks based on shared routing information.


 * interior gateway protocol (IGP)
 * A type of protocol used to exchange routing information between routers within an autonomous system.


 * link-state
 * A routing protocol in which every node constructs a map of network connectivity showing which nodes are connected to which other nodes and then each node independently calculates the best logical path from it to every possible destination network..


 * link-state advertisement (LSA)
 * The OSPF method of communicating a router's local routing topology to all other local routers in the same OSPF area.


 * link-state database (LSDB)
 * Contains descriptions of the topology of the OSPF autonomous system or area.


 * metric
 * The distance vector routing protocol measure of distance or performance for each route.


 * neighbor router ID (RID)
 * A value used to reference neighbor routers, which will default to neighbor's the highest logical IP address if not explicitly configured.


 * routed protocol
 * A protocol is used to deliver network traffic.


 * routing protocol
 * A protocol which specifies how routers communicate with each other, disseminating information that enables them to select routes between any two nodes on a connected network.


 * Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm
 * An algorithm used to determine the shortest paths from the source node to all other nodes in the connected network.

Assessments

 * Flashcards: Quizlet: CCENT - Dynamic Routing
 * Quiz: Quizlet: CCENT - Dynamic Routing