Draft:Original research/Funding

Funding provides resources to a research or exploratory project so that a person, business, or any other private or public institution, may successfully accomplish the objectives of the project.

A request for funding is an attempt at fundraising.

The resources provided can be income, computing time and access, libraries and databases, or specific facilities such as observatory time or use of laboratory equipment.

Research funding
Research funding is often in the form of donations or grants.

Theory of funding
Def. a "large supply of [money provided] to be drawn upon" is called funding.

Risks
The higher the risk (lower the probability) of success, the closer to a gift the resource becomes.

The lower the risk (higher the probability) of success, the closer to an investment or loan usually with interest, the resource is.

Foundations
In between these two extremes is funding provided by a foundation where some reasonable likelihood of success can be demonstrated usually on the basis of past achievement or credentials.

Justification
Obtaining funding (income to cover research costs) is important because research takes a toll on time, energy, and resources.

Public funding
Original research may not lead to profit-making yet may be valuable in its contribution to society. The results of the research or exploration that contribute to the better good of society should be made available for the public good and funded accordingly.

United States of America funding
The United States of America (USA) participates in public funding through nearly all of the division of the executive branch.

"The [US] federal government has mandated that all federal government grant-making agencies use Grants.gov as their primary way of receiving grant applications."

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
The USA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) participates in public fund for those research and original research efforts that may benefit national defense. DARPA also goes through grants.gov.

Geological Survey
The United States Geological Survey goes through grants.gov.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
NASA also requires potential proposers to be registered with NSPIRES.

Gene expressions in human exploration beyond low earth orbits is a proposal sent to NASA via NSPIRES that successfully reach Phase 1 acceptance.

Translational Research Institute for Space Health
"TRISH's new Launch Pad commercialization accelerator is here to help early-stage and pre-companies with translatable technologies out of the lab and into space. The 10-week program is backed by the healthcare commercialization expertise of CIMIT, and features experts from the space health field."

"We are a lean, virtual institute empowered by the NASA Human Research Program to solve the challenges of human deep space exploration."

"We find and fund disruptive, breakthrough approaches that reduce risks to human health and performance. TRISH supports both high-risk early-stage research as well as pre-seed and seed-stage health technologies that can be modified for use by astronauts on the way to Mars."

Space radiation: SCRs and GCRs play against each other in the solar cycle. It may be the case that choosing a travel window during the cycle between solar activity minimum (maximum GCRs) and solar maximum (minimum GCRs).

Space neutrons need to be moderated.

Radiation damage genetic repair system may be a valid research target.

Alternate fuel systems such as solid fuels that can be moderated or turned on and off may be better for shorter travel times.

"The Red Risk School is a virtual, interactive workshop detailing NASA's high-priority risks for human health during space exploratory missions. These "Red Risks" - the top dangers crews will face during a deep space mission - must be addressed as humans look to travel deeper into space than ever before."

National Endowment for the Humanities
The USA National Endowment for the Humanites (NEH) encourages research and writing in all areas of the humanities, including the study of history, literature, philosophy, religion, and foreign cultures. Through grants to individual scholars and institutions, the division fosters work that enables Americans to understand the world.


 * National Endowment for the Humanities Division of Research Programs

"All applicants to National Endowment for the Humanities are required to use Grants.gov."

National Institutes of Health
NIH also uses grants.gov.

National Science Foundation
NSF requires potential proposers to be registered with fastlane; but, apparently is still not participating in the use of grants.gov.

Hypotheses

 * 1) The higher the risk of success the more the funding needed is closest to a grant with no strings attached.
 * 2) The lower the risk of success the more the funding needed is closest to a loan.