Ethical medical research/In papyro, in silico, in situ, and in vitro guide

This is a resource for non-animal medical testing. Pertaining to this are in papyro, in silico, in situ, and in vitro studies. An explanation of the tools and resources in virtual testing will be shown.

Proprietary

 * NONMEM - referred to as the gold standard in pharmacometrics.

Open-source

 * OptFlux - metabolic engineering program.
 * Silico - molecular toolkit constructed in Perl.
 * Little B - programming language for use in biology.
 * JBioFramework - chemical analysis program.
 * GIMIAS - framework for medical applications.
 * CMISS - mathematical biological environment.
 * Jmol - 3d molecule viewer. [//youtube.com/embed/Iuzyd468CLg Jmol video tutorial]
 * PASS (Putative Active Sites with Spheres) - Computes docking sites in proteins.
 * RasMol - protein, nucleic acid and small molecule visualizer.
 * TINKER Molecular Modeling

Databases

 * Urine Metabolome database - Contains over 3,00 chemical compounds that can be detected in urine.
 * Pubmed International - PMC, Pubmed Europe, Pubmed Central Canada, PubChem
 * Metabase - Wiki of biological databases
 * EBSCO Host
 * FAF-Drugs: Free ADME/tox Filtering - In silico molecule databases.
 * The Drug-Gene Interaction database (DGIdb) - Matches genes with interactions with drugs. Combines information from existing information into this database.

Math

 * Biomathematics
 * medical math news

Electronic hardware specific

 * imaging and sensors
 * hyperspectral imaging (HSI) device
 * magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
 * nanosensors

Materials
Research chemicals, petri dishes, test tubes and other lab equipment can be bought online. Organ-on-a-chip is in plans to be manufactured by Sony with the co-development by Harvard's Wyss Institute to be accessible to the marketplace. Several organ type organ-on-a-chips are in development. Currently cell cultures in petri dishes or test tubes are used, which has some limitations.

Analysis
Microdosing uses less than a salt grain size of a chemical to be tested.