Fundamentals of Neuroscience/Exams/Quiz I

{All of these are subfields of neuroscience EXCEPT: - Neurology - Neuropharmacology - Computational neuroscience + Nephrology - Neuroimaging
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{What is the part of the neuron which primarily receives signals? - Axon + Dendrite - Myelin - Cell body
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{A sensory neuron located in the hand would be considered a: + Peripheral afferent neuron - Peripheral efferent neuron - Central afferent neuron - Central efferent neuron
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{What cell in the brain is capable of phagocytoisis as part of immune function? - Schwann Cells - Oligidendroctyes + Microglia - Macroglia
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{All of these are functions of glia cells EXCEPT: + Synthesizing neurotransmitters - Maintaining a proper ionic milieu - Promoting neuron survival - Synthesizing myelin
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{Control of the body's voluntary muscles is orchestrated by the: - Sympathetic nervous system - Parasympathetic nervous system - Autonomic nervous system + Somatic nervous system
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{Rapid heart-rate, sweating, dilated pupils, and faster breathing indicate activation of this nervous system branch: + Sympathetic nervous system - Parasympathetic nervous system - Peripheral nervous system - Somatic nervous system
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{Select all of the following which are closely related to the action of the neurotransmitter dopamine: + Reward circuits - Sleep - Memory + Impulse control - Inhibition
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{T/F: There is a higher concentration of sodium ions (Na+) outside the cell than inside. + True - False
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{What is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system? - Glutamate + GABA - Acetylcholine - Dopamine - Sertonin
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{Opening a potassium ion (K+) channel would have what effect on the neuron's membrane potential? - Depolarization + Hyperpolarization - Firing of an action potential
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{Many insecticides and nerve agents work by blocking the degradation of acetylcholine in the synapse. What effect would this have on the cells? - The presynaptic neuron would run out of acetyl choline and no longer be able to signal the postynaptic neuron - As levels of acetylcholine rise, it would be toxic to the cells + Acetycholine would keep telling the postsynaptic neuron to fire, leading to uncontrolled firing
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{What is the "all-or-none" principle of synaptic transmission? - When neurotransmitters is released, it will either open all of the sodium channels or none of them depending on how much is released + If the membrane potential exceeds a certain threshold, then the cell will send a single signal, otherwise it will send none - If the excitation is strong enough to trigger an action potential, then a hyperpolarization phase must ensure, otherwise no hyperpolarization will occur
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{Because the resting potential is _______, depolarization means __________ while hyperpolarization means __________. + negative, more positive, more negative - negative, more negative, more positive - positive, more positive, more negative - positive, more negative, more positive
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{T/F: The corpus callosum is made of grey matter - True + False
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{Select all of the following brain structures that exist as pairs in the brain: + Hippocampus + Temporal lobe - Hypothalamus + Thalamus + Amygdala
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{All of the following are considered part of the brain stem EXCEPT: + Cerebellum - Midbrain - Pons - Medulla
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{Select all of the following which are functions of the hypothalamus: + Feeding + Fighting + Fleeing + Fornicating
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 * See the Four F's of the hypothalamus

{Select all of the following brain regions which are correctly matched to their function: - Thalamus- relaying information between the two brain hemispheres + Midbrain- regulating sleep - Amygdala- modulating heart rate and respiration + Cortex- complex cognitive processes + Cerebellum- fine-tuning motion
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{Select all of the following brain regions which are (still) correctly matched to their function: + Occipital lobe- motion detection and color perception - Temporal lobe- emotion and fear responses + Parietal lobe- spatial awareness - Cerebrum- Memory formation
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