Fundamentals of Neuroscience/Exams/Quiz II

{The peripheral nervous system is derived from what embryonic structure? - Neural tube + Neural crest - Diencephelon - Telencephelon
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{The first basic step in development is: + Cell differentiation - Neural tube formation - Neural crest formation - Neurilation
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{During early childhood, what is the predominant change occurring in the brain? - Growth of connections - Gyrus formation in the cortex - Enlargement of neurons + Loss of connections
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{T/F: Myelination occurs at every stage of post-natal brain development + True - False
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{What is the neurological term for the brain's ability to undergo changes? - Adaptivity - Maleability + Plasticity - Flexability
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{What brain region, crucial to sleep patterns, is sensitive to changes in light? - Reticular formation + Suprachiasmatic nucleus - Thalamus - Occipital lobe
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{Select all of the phenomena which can promote drowsiness and sleep: + Percieved light level - Decreased neurotrasnmitter availibility + Buildup of adenosine + Action of the hormone melatonin - Action of the hormone melanin
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{Differences between NREM and REM sleep include all of the following EXCEPT: - Eye movement - Temporary paralysis + Selective brain region deactivation - Occurance of Dreams - Neural activity patterns
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{Select all of the following which are theories for sleep's biological utility: + Replenishing neurotransmitter levels + Replenishing hormone levels - Establishing new channels and receptors - Breaking down more ATP + Boosting proper development and learning
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{T/F: Inhibitory neurons in the cortex lead to a loss of consciousness during sleep - True + False
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{All of the following are true of semantic memories EXCEPT: - They pertain to concrete facts - They are a form of declarative memory - They are ultimately stored in the cerebrum + They can include autobiographical memories
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{Select all of the following which must occur for a working memory to be maintained: - Biochemical changes occur at the synapse + A neuronal 'loop' is replayed + Sensory regions are recruited to reconstruct perceptions - The hippocampus is highly activated
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{Long term potentiaion (LTP) is: - A process of creating new connections and associations to form a memory - A process of removing inhibitory inputs impeding a certain memory circuit + A process of strengthening already existing synaptic connections
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{Select all which occur during memory recall: + The memory experience is recreated in the brain - The memory is moved from the hippocampus to the cerebrum + Neuronal connections forming the memory may be altered + Enough of the accompanying memory 'network' must be activated to recover the memory - Neurons within the memory network must synchronize their firing
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{After passing through the primary auditory cortex, what is the first language processing area words pass through? - Broca's area + Wernicke's area - Geschwind's territory
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{All of the following are involved in articulation of language EXCEPT: + Primary motor cortex must be highly activated - Specific phonemes must be selected to form words - Muscle movements of facial muscles must be precisely coordinated - Broca's area must oversee speech production
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{T/F: Broca's area, Wernicke's area, and Geshwind's territory are almost always found on only the left side of the brain + True - False
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{An emergent property is one that: - Emerges unexpectidely with few indications of its origins + Generates complex behavior out of the interactions of simple parts - Is inevitable and must result from a certain stimulus input - Is formed by a circuit
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{T/F: Emotion is a largely conscious experience independent of rational judgement - True + False
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{Select all of the brain regions correctly matched with their role in emotion: + Thalamus- tagging sensory input as emotionally arousing or not + Amygdala- center for fear and aggression - Anterior cingulate- controlling emotional responses with rational inhibition - Hypothalamus- signaling information about emotional cues to the thalamus + Prefrontal cortex- abnegating immediate reward for goal-oriented behavior
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