History/Recent/Little Ice Age/Quiz

Little Ice Age is a lecture from the school of geology and the radiation astronomy department.

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Quiz
{400 year sunspot history is measured with { Wolf (i) } numbers.
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{Yes or No, The Archean and Proterozoic are both eons. + Yes - No
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{Winter was especially hard then; Europe was in the middle of a little ice age and it was much colder than { today (i) }.
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{Geochronology is the science of applying dates in the past to? { rocks (i) }
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{True or False, The Hadean eon represents the time before fossil record of life on Earth; its upper boundary is now regarded as 4.0 Ga (billion years ago). + TRUE - FALSE
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{The Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic are eras of the? { Phanerozoic (i) } eon.
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{There is a paucity of sunspots during 1800-1840. This interval of low sunspot numbers is known as the { Dalton (i) } Sunspot Minimum.
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{The two million year Quaternary period is the time of recognizable? { humans (i) }
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{Complete the text: Match up the geological time unit with the title: Holocene - A Gelasian - B Paleogene - C Triassic - D Devonian - E Archean - F Precambrian - G period of the Mesozoic { D (i) }. supereon { G (i) }. age { B (i) }. eon { F (i) }. epoch { A (i) }. period of the Paleozoic { E (i) } period { C (i) }.
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{Orbitally forced cyclicity includes? - Jupiter-Venus conjunctions + chemical and physical proxies from sedimentary rock sequences + palaeoclimatic studies + marine Cenozoic sequences - meteorite impacts from the asteroid belt + spectral analysis of the magnetic susceptibility (MS) record
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{True or False, Ammonite zone duration estimates are made by counting the interpreted precession cycles. + TRUE - FALSE
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{The GSSP section near El Kef contains? + one main feature that allows for a direct correlation of this marine section with continental sections + the base of the Danian Stage + the base GSSP for the Paleogene + the base GSSP for the Tertiary + the base GSSP for the Paleocene + the Ir anomaly at the base of the Boundary Clay + the base GSSP for the Cenozoic
 * type="[]"}

{Yes or No, Hindeodus parvus is now recognized as the index fossil, occurring in the Zone above the P-T boundary. + Yes - No
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{Complete the text: Match up the type of phenomena with the name: Precambrian - A Proterozoic - B Adelaidean - C Neoproterozoic - D Ediacaran - E Cryogenian - F when algae and sponges flourished { D (i) }. marked by the build up of oxygen in the atmosphere { B (i) }. the Marinoan and the Sturtian { F (i) }. the time and geology dated before the Phanerozoic { A (i) }. the interglacial Tapley Hill Formation { E (i) } the Delamerian Granites and the Adelaide Rift Complex { C (i) }.
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{The Mesoproterozoic may include which of the following? + a geologic era within the Proterozoic eon - the Cambrian + the Calymmian, Ectasian and Stennian periods + the Rodinia supercontinent - the formation of the Moon + about 1600 to 900 million years ago
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{Phenomena associated with the Azoic? - have a gaseous atmosphere + destitute of any vestige of organic life, or at least of animal life + anterior to the existence of animal life - kamacite in meteorites - taenite in meteorites + formed when there was no animal life on the globe
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{Phenomena associated with the Archean include? + the eon from 2,500 Ma to 4,000 Ma + marked by an atmosphere with little oxygen - the Neoarchean came before the Mesoarchean + the Eoarchean came before the Paleoarchean - marked by the formation of the solar system - a stable Earth-Moon orbit
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{Which of the following is out of geochronological order? - Cambrian + Silurian - Ordovician - Devonian - Mississippian - Permian
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{A terrestrial planet is composed primarily of? { silicate rocks|metals|silicates|rocks (i) }
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{Which of the following is out of reverse geochronological order? + Pleistocene - Holocene - Pliocene - Miocene - Oligocene - Eocene
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{What phenomena may be associated with K/Pg boundary? + clay in the Geulhemmergroeve tunnels near Geulhem, The Netherlands + the Badlands near Drumheller, Alberta + the cliffs at Stevns - an extensive osmium layer - traces of Fe-Ni alloys + Trinidad Lake State Park, Colorado, USA
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{True or False, In the Greenland ice cores, the Pleistocene–Holocene transition is chronologically constrained between two clearly defined tephra horizons. + TRUE - FALSE
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{The Holocene starts at ~11,700 b2k and extends to the? { present (i) }
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{Which geological phenomena are associated with the Subboreal? + period around 850-760 BC - characterized by an increase in solar activity + a sharp increase of Δ 14C + characterized by a decrease in solar activity - preceded by the Subatlantic + solar forcing of climate change
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{The ancient history period dates from around 8,000 to 3,000? { b2k (i) }
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{Complete the text: The Pre-boreal period marks the transition from the { cold (i) } climate of the Late-glacial to the { warmer (i) } climate of the { Post-glacial (i) } time.
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{The Chalcolithic is often referred to as the Copper? { Age (i) }
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{Which geochemical phenomena are associated with the Younger Dryas? + during the Last Glacial Termination - an abrupt return to interglacial conditions + an abrupt return to glacial-like conditions + summer (1 May to 30 September) temperature dropped 5-6°C during less than two centuries - transition to a warmer, interglacial climate + indicated by changes in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma
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{Excess 14C in Cariaco Basin sediments indicates a slowing in thermohaline? { circulation (i) }
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Hypotheses

 * 1) Tephra layers may be the best geochronometer.