Indo-European languages

This page provides a classification of the Indo-European languages and analyses of the major European languages.

For an overview of the Indo-European languages, including spread and classification, please see Wikipedia's article on Indo-European languages.

Germanic Languages

 * Western Germanic
 * Anglo-Frisian
 * English Languages/Anglic
 * Old English (OE:Anglo-Saxon; spoken between approx. 450 - 1100 CE)
 * Middle English (ME:Anglo-Norman; spoken between approx. 1100 - 1500 CE)
 * Yola Language (spoken between ? - mid-16th century CE)
 * Early Modern English (EMnE; spoken between approx. 1500 - 1650 CE)
 * Modern English (MnE; spoken beginning approx. 1650 - present) However, there are some divergent dialects of Modern English where phonology and orthography vary, particularly among British English (including South African English, Australian English, etc.) and North American English.
 * Scots
 * Early Scots (spoken between approx. ? - 1450 CE)
 * Middle Scots (spoken between 1450 - 1700 CE)
 * Modern Scots
 * Frisian Languages
 * West Frisian
 * Saterland Frisian
 * North Frisian
 * Middle Frisian (spoken between approx. 1500 - 1820 CE)
 * Old Frisian (spoken between approx. 700 - 1500 CE)
 * Low German
 * Dutch Low German
 * West Low German
 * East Low German
 * Low Franconian Languages (sometimes defined as separate branch of West German)
 * Afrikaans
 * Dutch
 * Flemish
 * High German
 * German
 * Yiddish
 * Luxembourgish
 * Central German Dialects
 * Upper German Dialects
 * Vilamovian
 * Northern Germanic (Scandinavian)
 * Danish
 * Icelandic
 * Norwegian
 * Swedish
 * Faeroese
 * Norn
 * Elfdalian
 * East Germanic (extinct)
 * Gothic
 * Crimean Gothic
 * Vandalic
 * Burgundian

Romance Languages

 * Western Romance
 * Gallo-Romance
 * French
 * Norman
 * Picard
 * Walloon
 * Francoprovençal
 * Occitano-Romance
 * Occitan
 * Catalan/Valencian
 * Aragonese
 * Ibero-Romance
 * Spanish
 * Astur-leonese
 * Asturian
 * Leonese
 * Mirandese
 * Extremaduran
 * Galician-Portuguese
 * Galician
 * Portuguese
 * Fala
 * Gallo-Italic
 * Piedmontese
 * Ligurian
 * Emilian-Romagnol
 * Lombard
 * Rhaeto-Romance
 * Friulian
 * Ladin
 * Romansch
 * Italo-Dalmatian
 * Italian
 * Venetian
 * Istriot
 * Dalmatian (extinct, spoken until the 19th century)
 * Tuscan
 * Corsican
 * Neapolitan
 * Sicilian
 * Southern Romance
 * Sardinian
 * African Romance (extinct)
 * Eastern Romance
 * Romanian
 * Aromanian
 * Megleno-Romanian
 * Istro-Romanian

Slavic Languages

 * 'Western
 * Czech
 * Polish
 * Slovak
 * Sorbian (also called Lusatian or Wendish - a Slavic language spoken by an isolated group in East Germany)
 * Eastern
 * Belarussian
 * Russian
 * Ukrainian
 * Southern
 * Bulgarian
 * Croatian
 * Macedonian
 * Serbian
 * Slovenian

Baltic

 * Latvian
 * Lithuanian

Celtic

 * Brythonic
 * Breton
 * Welsh
 * Welsh Language
 * Cornish
 * Goidelic
 * Irish
 * Irish
 * Scottish Gaelic
 * Scottish Gaelic
 * Manx

Albanian

 * Tosk
 * Standard Albanian
 * Arbëresh
 * Arvanitiki
 * Gheg

Indo-Iranian

 * Indo-Aryan (Indic)
 * Assamese
 * Bengali
 * Bihari
 * Gujarati(ગુજરાતી)
 * HIndi(हिन्दी)
 * Urdu(اردو)
 * Marathi
 * Punjabi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ)
 * Romani
 * Sanskrit
 * Sindhi
 * Singhalese
 * Iranian
 * Avestan
 * Baluchi
 * Persian
 * Kurdish
 * Pashto (Afghan)
 * Sogdian