Internet Protocol Analysis/Internet Layer IPv4/Quiz

{ The Internet layer is a group of internetworking methods, protocols, and specifications in the Internet protocol suite that are used to { transport datagrams (i) _21 } from the originating { host (i) _6 } across { network boundaries (i) _20 }, if necessary, to the destination { host (i) _6 } specified by a network address.
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{ The Internet layer is not responsible for reliable transmission. It provides only { an unreliable connection-less service, and "best effort" delivery (i) _67 }.
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{ The core protocols used in the Internet layer are { IPv4, IPv6, the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), and the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) (i) _109 }.
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{ The { Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) (i) _42 } is primarily used for error and diagnostic functions.
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{ The { Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) (i) _43 } is used by IPv4 hosts and adjacent multicast routers to establish multicast group memberships.
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{ Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is a suite of protocols for securing Internet Protocol (IP) communications by { authenticating (i) _16 } and/or { encrypting (i) _12 } each IP packet in a data stream.
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{ Each IP datagram has two components, a header and a data payload. The IP header is tagged with { the source IP address, destination IP address, and other meta-data (i) _68 } needed to route and deliver the datagram.
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{ IPv4 uses { 32-bit (four-byte) (i) _20 } addresses, most often written in the { dotted decimal (i) _16 } notation.
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{ Private IPv4 network address ranges are reserved for use in private networks and include { 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16 (i) _46 }.
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{ Private networks communicate with public networks through { network address translation (NAT) (i) _35 }.
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{ The link-local IPv4 address range, { 169.254.0.0/16 _16 }, is similar to a private network address range but is not routable.
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{ The loopback address range, { 127.0.0.0/8 _13 } is reserved for loopback, or internal host addressing.
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{ The primary address pool of the Internet, maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), was exhausted in { 2011 _6 }.
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{ Valid IPv4 host addresses have a first octet in the range { 1~126 _7 } (originally Class A), { 128~191 _9 } (originally Class B), or { 192~223 _9 } (originally Class C).
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{ Multicast addresses have a first octet in the range { 224~239 _9 } (originally Class D).
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{ Addresses with a first octet in the range { 240~255 _9 } are unused (reserved / experimental).
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{ Classful networking was replaced by { Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) (i) _39 } starting in 1993.
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