Internet Protocol Analysis/Transport Layer/Quiz

{ The transport layer provides { end-to-end communication services for applications (i) _52 }.
 * type="{}" coef="1"}

{ The transport layer provides services such as { connection-oriented data stream support, reliability, flow control, and multiplexing (i) _86 }.
 * type="{}" coef="1"}

{ The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is used for { connection-oriented (i) _21 } transmissions. The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is used for { connection-less messaging (i) _27 } transmissions.
 * type="{}" coef="2"}

{ Many of the services attributed to the transport layer are specific to { TCP (i) _5 } and do not apply to { UDP (i) _5 }. These include connections, byte oriented data streams, sequencing, reliability, flow control, and congestion avoidance.
 * type="{}" coef="2"}

{ Transport layer protocols include source and destination { port numbers (i) _14 } to identify process-to-process communication. Sessions are identified using { the client's IP address and port number (i) _41 }.
 * type="{}" coef="2"}

{ TCP packets are referred to as { segments (i) _10 }. UDP packets are referred to as { datagrams (i) _11 }.
 * type="{}" coef="2"}

{ UDP has no { handshaking dialogues (i) _23 }, and thus exposes any unreliability of the underlying network protocol to the user's program.
 * type="{}" coef="1"}

{ UDP provides { checksums (i) _11 } for data integrity, and { port numbers (i) _14 } for addressing different functions at the source and destination of the datagram.
 * type="{}" coef="2"}

{ UDP is { simple and stateless (i) _22 }, with { minimal (i) _9 } delay, and works well in unidirectional (broadcast / multicast) communication.
 * type="{}" coef="2"}

{ The UDP header includes fields for: { source port, destination port, length, and checksum (i) _53 }.
 * type="{}" coef="1"}

{ TCP is { reliable, ordered, heavyweight, and streaming (i) _47 }.
 * type="{}" coef="1"}

{ UDP is { unreliable, un-ordered, lightweight, and without streaming or connection control (i) _82 }.
 * type="{}" coef="1"}

{ UDP provides a datagram service that emphasizes { reduced latency (i) _17 } over TCP { stream reliability (i) _20 }. TCP is optimized for { accurate delivery (i) _19 } rather than { timely delivery (i) _17 }.
 * type="{}" coef="4"}

{ TCP is a { reliable (i) _10 } delivery service that { guarantees that all bytes received will be identical with bytes sent and in the correct order (i) _95 }.
 * type="{}" coef="2"}

{ The TCP header includes fields for: { source port, destination port, sequence number, acknowledgement number, data offset, flags, window size, checksum, and an urgent pointer (i) _138 }.
 * type="{}" coef="1"}

{ TCP protocol operations are divided into three phases: { connection establishment, data transfer, and connection termination (i) _69 }.
 * type="{}" coef="1"}

{ TCP connection establishment is performed through { a three-way handshake exchanging sequence numbers and acknowledgements (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK) (i) _92 }.
 * type="{}" coef="1"}

{ TCP connection termination is performed through { a four-way handshake of exchanging finish flags and acknowledgements (FIN, ACK, FIN, ACK) (i) _91 }.
 * type="{}" coef="1"}

{ TCP achieves reliable transmission by using { a sequence number to account for each byte of data (i) _52 }.
 * type="{}" coef="1"}

{ TCP performs error detection through { sequence numbers, acknowledgements, and a checksum for each packet (i) _68 }.
 * type="{}" coef="1"}

{ TCP uses a sliding window flow control process in which { the receiver specifies the amount of additional data that it is willing to accept for the connection and the sending host can send only up to that amount of data before it must wait for an acknowledgment from the receiving host (i) _229 }.
 * type="{}" coef="1"}

{ TCP achieves congestion control through { slow-start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit, fast recovery, and retransmission timeout (i) _94 }.
 * type="{}" coef="1"}

{ TCP and UDP port numbers range from { 0 to 65535 (i) _12 }.
 * type="{}" coef="1"}

{ The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority has divided TCP and UDP port numbers into three ranges. Port numbers { 0 through 1023 (i) _16 } are used for common, well-known services. Port numbers { 1024 through 49151 (i) _20 } are registered ports used for IANA-registered services. Ports { 49152 through 65535 (i) _21 } are dynamic ports that can be used for any purpose.
 * type="{}" coef="3"}