Learning the Basics of Landan/Learn the tenses

This page is designed as an introduction to the main tenses used in Landan. As of yet it is unfinished but we hope to cover, present, perfect, imperfect, future, near future, conditional, past historic and compound tenses.

Present Tense
In Landan, verbs in the infinitive end in -en, or -n

Pronouns-


 * ig      - I
 * tu     - you
 * se       - he
 * sie        - she
 * nor - we
 * ye - you (plural or singular polite)
 * sun     - they
 * Jau (formal you)  -  you

Perfect Tense
The perfect tense is used to describe an action in the past that has been completed

The Past Tense is formed by the Auxiliary Verb and the Past Participle

Auxiliary Verb This is a 'helping' verb (eg. the have in 'I have danced') and in Landan we either use Eßn or Heben.

In case you don't know all of these verbs here they are in present tense, and below they're given in the perfect tense-

The Perfect Infinitive
The perfect infinitive is formed with the infinitive of eßn or haben and the past participle.

The most frequent use of the perfect infinitive is with drutz.....heben or drutz.....eßn, meaning after having.

Drutz ett heben... After having eaten...

Past Participle

This is the part equivalent to the english verb part usually ending in -ed, (like jumped, in 'I have jumped')

This is formed differently depending on the verb ending-


 * for all verbs, in the past participle, the declensions in the plural persons (except "they") are used in spelling. For instance, we saw that the verb "to watch, to witness"(kauschen) declined to "nor kuschen" (au=u). The same for "heben," the e becomes an a. In the past participle, regular verbs, and most irregular verbs adopt the prefix ge-, plus the participle endings.

Examples

kauschen    - to watch    yields    gekuscht   - watched sukern - to search   yields    gesugt      - chosen flegen  - to fly     yields    geflugt     - flew Irregular Past Participles This is not all the irregular past participles in Landan.

eßn       - bent          - been lauchen      - laft           - laughed gahn - gant  - gone konnen - gekomt    - knew kannen - kann