Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/20 emotions

Overview
This tutorial discusses the nature and functions of 20 individual emotions.

Individual emotions
Emotion knowledge can be developed by learning to distinguish a wide range emotions.

When dealing with many emotions, it helps to chunk them into categories.

According to Reeve (2018), which emotions fit into these three categories? (see Table 1)
 * 1) Basic (7)


 * 1) Self-conscious (5)


 * 1) Cognitively complex (8)

Table 1

20 Individual Emotions Organised Into Three Categories

Note. Based on Reeve (2018). Links go to Wikipedia articles. For a table of these emotions with links to specific Wikiversity book chapters, see the individual emotions lecture.

Emotion matching exercise

 * 1) In pairs, discuss and complete the  20 Individual Emotions Matching Exercise

Discussion
  What is your "favourite" or "most interesting" emotion(s)? Why?  What is the difference between shame, guilt, and embarrassment?   Shame and guilt both involve feeling bad about the standard of the self's behaviour  Shame is public; Guilt is private (shame in the courtroom; guilt in the cell)  Shame focuses on self; Guilt focuses on behaviour  Embarrassment arises from innocent social blunder; it acknowledge this awareness and asks forgiveness   What is the difference between pride and triumph?</li> <ol> <li> Both involve feeling good</li> <li> Pride is more personal, based on achievement</li> <li> Triumph is more social, based on competitive victory over others</li> </ol> <li> What are the two aspects of pride?</li> <ol> <li> Authentic: Based on genuine achievement</li> <li> Hubristic/Narcissistic: Self-puffery; based on desire to be better/more dominant than others; undermines relationships</li> </ol> <li> What emotions are associated with these interpersonal scenarios?</li> </ol> <li> What are the two types of envy?</li> <ol> <li> Benign: Focuses on self-improvement (building up)</li> <li> Malicious: Focuses on undermining another (tearing down)</li> </ol> <li> What is the difference between empathy, compassion, and sympathy?</li> <ol> <li> Empathy: Mirrors the feelings of another </li> <li> Compassion: Motivates action to help another </li> <li> Sympathy: Pitying of others; involves power </li> </ol> <li> What is the difference between disappointment and regret?</li> <ol> <li> Both involve experiencing a worse outcome than expected; the difference is the amount of perceived control</li> <li> Disappointment: Perceives that one's behaviour could not have lead to a different outcome</li> <li> Regret: Perceives that, had one's behaviour been different, a better outcome could have been achieved</li> </ol> <li> What are the two aspects of gratitude?</li> <ol> <li> Indebtedness $$\rightarrow$$ Exchange-based relationship: If the receiver focuses on what was received (e.g., $50), then the receiver may feel indebted to repay, leading to an exchange-based relationship</li> <li> Care $$\rightarrow$$ Communal relationship: If the receiver focuses on the giver (e.g., a friend), then the receiver may feel cared for and loved, leading to a communal relationship</li> </ol> <li> What is the opposite of hope?</li> <ol> <li> Fear</li> <li> Both fear and hope are about expectations of the future</li> <li> Also consider hopelessness / helplessness</li> </ol> </ol>

Readings

 * Chapter 14: Individual emotions (Reeve, 2018)

Recording

 * Tutorial 09 (2023)