New Zealand Pilot License/Air Law/Commercial

Subject 16

Aviation Legislation
Describe the requirements to hold an aviation document, as laid down in CA Act 1990 S7.

Describe the criteria for the fit and proper person test, as laid down in CA Act 1990 S10.

Describe the duties of the pilot-in-command, as laid down in CA Act 1990 S13 and 13A.

Describe the responsibilities of a licence holder with respect to changes in their medical condition, as laid down in CA Act 1990 S27.

Describe the responsibilities of a licence holder with respect to the surrender of a medical certificate as laid down in CA Act 1990 S27.

Describe the responsibilities of a licence holder with respect to safety offences, as laid down in CA Act 1990 S43 and 44.

Definitions
CAR Part 1(unless otherwise noted)

State the definition of:

(a) accelerate-stop distance available;

(b) accident;

(c) Act;

(d) aerobatic flight;

(e) aerodrome control service;

(f) aerodrome operational area;

(g) aerodrome traffic circuit;

(h) aerodrome traffic zone (ATZ);

(i) aeronautical information circular;

(j) aeronautical information publications (AIP);

(k) AIP supplement;

(l) aircraft category;

(m) air traffic control (ATC) service;

(n) air transport operation;

(o) air operation;

(p) airworthiness certificate;

(q) airworthiness directive;

(r) airworthy condition;

(s) alerting service;

(t) altitude;

(u) area control;

(v) ATC clearance;

(w) ATC instruction;

(x) aviation event;

(y) AWIB service;

(z) ceiling;

(aa) certificated organisation;

(bb) class 3(a) fuel;

(cc) class 3(b) fuel;

(dd) clearance limit;

(ee) clearway;

(ff) command practice;

(gg) commercial transport operation;

(hh) controlled airspace;

(ii) controlled flight;

(jj) cost sharing flight;

(kk) co-pilot;

(ll) crew member;

(mm) cross-country flight;

(nn) dangerous goods;

(oo) day;

(pp) dual flight time;

(qq) final reserve fuel;

(rr) fit and proper person;

(ss) flight examiner;

(tt) flight attendant;

(uu) flight crew member;

(vv) flight information service;

(ww) flight level;

(xx) flight manual;

(yy) flight plan;

(zz) flight time;

(aaa) height;

(bbb) incident;

(ccc) instrument meteorological conditions;

(ddd) landing distance available;

(eee) night;

(fff) NOTAM;

(ggg) passenger;

(hhh) pilot-in-command;

(iii) rating;

(jjj) regular air transport passenger service;

(kkk) serious incident;

(lll) SARTIME;

(mmm) SEIFR passenger operation;

(nnn) takeoff distance available;

(ooo) takeoff run available;

(ppp) takeoff weight;

(qqq) type;

(rrr)Technical Instructions;

(sss) Threshold; (CAR 121.3)

(ttt) unlawful interference;

(uuu) UNICOM service;

(vvv) VFR flight;

(www) visibility;

(xxx) visual meteorological conditions.

Abbreviations
CAR Part 1(unless otherwise noted)

State the meaning of the following abbreviations:

(a) AD;

(b) ADF;

(c) AGL;

(d) AIREP; (AIP GEN)

(e) AMSL;

(f) ATIS;

(g) CAR;

(h) DME

(i) ELT;

(j) GNSS; (19.203)

(k) HUMS;

(l) QFE;

(m) QNH;

(n) VOR.

Personnel Licensing
Requirements for Licences and Ratings

State the requirements for holding a pilot licence. CAR 61

State the requirements for a pilot-in-command to hold a type rating on the type of aircraft being flown. CAR 61

State the restrictions associated with abuse of substances. CAR 61

State the requirements for entering flight details into a pilot logbook. CAR 61

Eligibility, Privileges and Limitations
Describe the allowance for a person who does not hold a current pilot licence to fly dual with a flying instructor. CAR 61

State the solo flight requirements on a person who does not hold a current pilot licence. CAR 61

State the limitations on a person who does not hold a current pilot licence.CAR 61

State the eligibility requirements for the issue of a commercial pilot licence. CAR 61

State the privileges of holding a commercial pilot licence. CAR 61

State the limitations on the holder of a commercial pilot licence. CAR 61

Competency, Currency and Recency
State the recent experience requirements of a pilot-in-command, by day and by night, who is the holder of a commercial pilot licence. CAR 61

State the requirements for the completion of a biennial flight review. CAR 61

Explain the use of a lower licence or rating. CAR 61

State the period within which a pilot-in-command of an aircraft engaged on an air operation under CAR Part 135 must have passed a check of route and aerodrome proficiency.

State the period within which a pilot, acting as a flight crew member of an aircraft engaged on a CAR Part 135 air operation under VFR, must have passed a check of normal, abnormal and emergency procedures in the same aircraft type.

State the period within which a pilot of an aircraft engaged on an air operation under CAR Part 135 must have completed a written or oral test of their knowledge in aircraft systems, performance and operating procedures.

State the CAR Part 135 crew member grace provisions.

Medical Requirements
State the requirements for holding a medical certificate. CAR 61

State the requirements on a person applying for a medical certificate. CAR 67

State the requirements for maintaining medical fitness following the issue of a medical certificate. CA Act 1990 S27C

State the normal currency period of the Class 1 medical certificate for a CPL holder who is under the age of 40. CAR 67

State the normal currency period of the Class 1 medical certificate for a CPL holder who is 40 years of age or more on the date that the certificate is issued. CAR 67

State the extended currency period of the Class 1 medical certificate for a CPL holder who is 40 years of age or more. CAR 67

State the limitations to an extended currency period of the Class 1 medical certificate for a CPL holder who is 40 years of age or more. CAR 67 Airworthiness of Aircraft and Aircraft Equipment

Documentation
State the documents which must be carried in aircraft operated in New Zealand. CAR 91

Aircraft Maintenance
Describe the maintenance requirements of an aircraft operator. CAR 91

State the requirement for annual and 100 hour inspections. CAR 91

State the requirement for an annual review of airworthiness. CAR 91

State the requirements for maintenance records. CAR 91

State the requirements for the retention of maintenance records. CAR 91

State the requirements for and contents of a technical log. CAR 91

State the requirements for entering defects into a technical log. CAR 91

State the requirements for clearing defects from a technical log. CAR 91

State the limitations and requirements on a person undertaking ‘pilot maintenance’. CAR 43

State the requirements for conducting a maintenance test flight on an

aircraft without a current airworthiness certificate. CAR 91

State the requirements for acting as a test pilot. CAR 19

State the inspection period for radios. CAR 91

State the inspection period for altimeters. CAR 91

State the inspection period for transponders. CAR 91

State the inspection period for the ELT. CAR 91

Instruments and Avionics
State the minimum instrument requirements for a day VFR flight. CAR 91

State the minimum instrument requirements for a night VFR flight. CAR 91

State the radio equipment requirements for a VFR flight. CAR 91

State the communications and navigation equipment requirements for a VFR over water flight. CAR 91

Equipment
State the equipment requirements for a night VFR flight. CAR 91

State the equipment requirements for flight over water. CAR 91 & 135

State the requirements for indicating the time in flight. CAR 91

State the requirements for emergency equipment. CAR 91 & 135

State the requirements for night flight. CAR 91

State the CAR Part 135 requirements for night flight.

State the CAR Part 135 requirements for a cockpit voice recorder.

State the CAR Part 135 requirements for a flight data recorder.

State the CAR Part 135 requirements for an additional altitude indicator.

State the requirements for an ELT. CAR 91 General Operating and Flight Rules

General Operating Requirements
Describe the requirements of passengers to comply with instructions and commands. CAR 91

Explain the requirements for maintaining daily flight records. CAR 91

Explain the requirements for the carriage of flight attendants. CAR 91

State the requirements for operating an aircraft in simulated instrument flight. CAR 91

State the requirements of a pilot-in-command with respect to the safe operation of an aircraft. CAR 91

Describe the authority of the pilot-in-command. CAR 91

State the requirements for crew occupation of seats and wearing safety belts. CAR 91

State the requirements for the occupation of seats and wearing of restraints. CAR 91

State the requirements for the use of oxygen equipment. CAR 91

State the requirements for briefing passengers prior to flight. CAR 91

State the requirements for familiarity with operating limitations and emergency equipment. CAR 91

State the requirements for carrying appropriate aeronautical publications and charts in flight. CAR 91

State the requirements for operating on and in the vicinity of an aerodrome. CAR 91

Describe the standard overhead rejoin procedure, and state when it should be used. AIP AD

State the right of way rules. CAR 91

Explain the requirement for aircraft lighting. CAR 91

State the requirements for the pilot of an aircraft, being flown for the purpose of demonstrating eligibility for the issue of an airworthiness certificate. CAR 91

State the requirements for wearing/holding identity documentation in certain areas. CAR 19

General Operating Restrictions
State the restrictions on smoking in an aircraft. CA Act 1990 S65N

State the restrictions on the use of portable electronic devices in flight. CAR 91

State the restrictions on the carriage and discharge of firearms on aircraft.

Explain the restrictions on stowage of carry-on baggage. CAR 91

Explain the restrictions on the carriage of cargo. CAR 91

State the restrictions applicable to aircraft flying near other aircraft. CAR 91

State the restrictions on the dropping of objects from an aircraft in flight. CAR 91

State the speed limitation on aircraft operating under VFR. CAR 91

State the minimum heights for VFR flights under CAR Part 91.

State the restrictions when operating VFR in icing conditions. CAR 91

State the restrictions applicable to operating an aircraft in aerobatic flight. CAR 91

State the restrictions applicable to parachute-drop operations. CAR 91

State the restrictions applicable to aircraft towing gliders. CAR 91

State the restrictions applicable to aircraft towing objects other than gliders. CAR 91

State the restrictions on intoxicating liquor and drugs. CAR 91 & 19

State the restrictions on aircraft noise and engine emission standards. CAR 91

State the restrictions on aircraft sonic booms. CAR 91

General Meteorological Requirements and Restrictions
State the met minima for VFR flight in various airspace. CAR 91

State the restrictions and met minima for Special VFR flight. CAR 91

Air Operations
Air Operations Crew Requirements

State the CAR Part 135 crew qualification and experience requirements.

State the CAR Part 135 flight and duty time limitations on flight crew members.

State the normal minimum rest period required following any duty period. AC119-2

State the maximum number of flight hours that a pilot may fly as crew in an aircraft which carries two pilots on an internal air operation. AC119-2

Air Operations Requirements and Restrictions
State the airworthiness requirements for aircraft used on air operations. CAR 135

State the CAR Part 135 minimum heights for VFR flights.

State the CAR Part 135 operating restriction on single-engine air operations under IFR (SEIFR).

State the restrictions on the carriage of firearms on an aeroplane on an air operation. CAR 91

State the requirement to keep a daily flight record. CAR 135

State the CAR Part 135 requirement for a maintenance review.

State the CAR Part 135 requirement for passenger safety and the carriage of certain passengers.

State the CAR Part 135 restrictions when refuelling.

State the CAR Part 135 restrictions on the manipulation of an aircraft’s controls.

State the CAR Part 135 requirement for helicopter operations over congested areas. (Helicopter candidates only)

State the restrictions on helicopter sling loads on an air operation. CAR 135 (Helicopter candidates only)

Air Operations Meteorological Requirements and Restrictions
State the CAR Part 135 meteorological conditions and requirements for an air operation under VFR.

State the CAR Part 135 meteorological conditions and requirements for an air operation under IFR.

State the CAR Part 135 aerodrome operating minima - IFR flight.

State the CAR Part 135 IFR departure limitations.

State the CAR Part 135 requirements for reduced take-off minima.

State the CAR Part 135 restrictions for IFR procedures.

Air Operations Performance Requirements
State the CAR Part 135 performance requirements for takeoff distance.

State the CAR Part 135 performance requirements for clearing obstacles

within the net take-off flight path.

State the CAR Part 135 performance requirements for landing distance.

State the CAR Part 135 performance requirements for landing on wet and contaminated runways.

State the meaning of a performance-class 1 helicopter. CAR Part 1 (Helicopter candidates only)

Flight Planning and Preparation
Flight Preparation

Explain the requirements for the obtaining and considering relevant information prior to flight. CAR 91

Describe the publications and their content that provide operational route and aerodrome information.

Derive operational information from charts and publications that provide route and aerodrome information.

Fuel Requirements

State the fuel reserve required for a day VFR flight. CAR 91

State the fuel reserve required for a night VFR flight. CAR 91

Flight Plans

State the CAR Part 135 requirements for the filing of a flight plan.

State the requirements for the notification of changes to the filed flight plan. CAR 91

State the requirements for terminating a flight plan. CAR 91

State the time search and rescue action would be initiated if a flight plan is not terminated. AIP ENR

Enroute Limitations
State the CAR Part 135 enroute limitations for two engine aeroplanes. Air Traffic Services

Communications
Derive from operational publications, the required radio frequency for communicating with specified ATC units.

Explain the use of aircraft radiotelephony callsigns. CAR 91

State the requirements for making position reports to an ATS unit. CAR 91 & AIP ENR

State the content of a VFR position report. AIP ENR

State the purpose of Universal Communications Services (UNICOM). AIP GEN

State the purpose of an Aerodrome Frequency Response Unit (AFRU). AIP GEN

State the purpose of Aerodrome and Weather Information Broadcasts (AWIB). AIP GEN

State the meaning of the various light signals from a control tower. CAR 91 & AIP AD

State the communications requirements when TIBA procedures are in force. AIP ENR

Clearances
State the requirements for complying with ATC clearances and instructions. CAR 91 & AIP ENR

State the requirements for coordinating with an aerodrome flight information service. CAR 91

State the requirements for receiving an ATC clearance prior to entering various types of airspace, and ground manoeuvring area. CAR 91 & AIP ENR

State the requirements for receiving an ATC clearance prior to re-entering controlled airspace. CAR 91 & AIP ENR

Separation
Describe the method of passing traffic information using the clock code.

Describe the situations where Air Traffic Control is responsible for the provision of separation between VFR, SVFR and IFR traffic. AIP ENR

Describe the situations where the pilot-in-command is responsible for maintaining separation from other traffic. AIP ENR

Describe the normal separation standards applied by ATC. AIP ENR

Describe the situations where the normal separation may be reduced. AIP ENR

State the wake turbulence separation requirements for light aircraft in non- radar environment. AIP AD

Radar Services
Describe the radar services available to VFR flights. AIP ENR

Global Navigation Satellite System

State the equipment required by aircraft within the New Zealand flight information region, using GPS as a primary means navigation system. CAR 19

State the actions required of pilots, using GPS equipment as a primary means navigation system, if system degradation occurs. CAR 19

Airspace; Aerodromes; and Heliports
Altimetry

Explain the altimeter setting requirements for flight under VFR. CAR 91 & AIP ENR

State the altimeter setting to use when QNH is not available prior to takeoff. AIP ENR

Describe QNH zones and state when zone QNH should be used. AIP ENR

Describe the transition altitude, layer and level. AIP ENR

Cruising Levels

State the altitude requirements when cruising VFR within the New Zealand Domestic FIR. CAR 91 & AIP ENR

Describe situations where ATC may assign cruising altitudes not in accordance with the VFR table of cruising altitudes. AIP ENR

Transponders

State the requirements for the operation of transponders within the New Zealand Domestic FIR. CAR 91 & AIP ENR

Describe the procedures required of pilots operating transponders. AIP ENR

State the requirements and limitations on an aircraft operating under VFR in transponder mandatory airspace without an operating transponder. CAR 91 & AIP ENR

Airspace

State the rules pertaining to operating VFR in the various classes of airspace. CAR 91 & AIP ENR

Describe the vertical limits and purpose of control zones (CTR). CAR 71

Describe the vertical limits and purpose of control areas (CTA). CAR 71

State the status and conditions relating to flight in VFR transit lanes. AIP ENR

Describe the status and purpose of a general aviation area (GAA). CAR 91 & AIP ENR

Describe control zone sectors. CAR 71

Describe visual reporting points.

Describe the status of controlled airspace when ATC go off duty. AIP GEN

State the restrictions on operating an aircraft in a restricted area. CAR 91 & AIP ENR

State the restrictions on operating an aircraft in a military operating area (MOA). CAR 91 & AIP ENR

State the restrictions and operating considerations relating to operating an aircraft in a mandatory broadcast zone (MBZ). CAR 91 & AIP ENR

State the restrictions and operating considerations relating to operating an aircraft in a volcanic hazard zone (VHZ). CAR 91 & AIP ENR

State the restrictions and operating considerations relating to operating an aircraft in a danger area. CAR 91 & AIP ENR

State the restrictions and operating considerations relating to operating an aircraft in a designated low flying zone (LFZ). CAR 91 & AIP ENR

State the restrictions and operating considerations relating to operating an aircraft in VFR special procedures areas (SPA). AIP ENR

State the operating considerations relating to operating an aircraft over or close to temporary hazards/airspace. AIP ENR

Interpret airspace information on aeronautical charts.

Aerodromes and Heliports

Describe the limitations on the use of a place as an aerodrome or heliport. CAR 91

Describe the method of runway designation. AIP AD

Describe the movement area of an aerodrome. CAR 1

Describe the meaning of the various aerodrome ground signals.

Interpret information on aerodrome/heliport charts. AIP GEN & AIP Volume 4

Carriage of Dangerous Goods
State the definition of Class 1 dangerous goods, as laid down in CAR Part 92.

State the definition of Class 2 dangerous goods, as laid down in CAR Part 92.

State the definition of Class 3 dangerous goods, as laid down in CAR Part 92.

Describe the limitation of CAR Part 92 with respect to members of the Police.

Describe the allowance for the carriage of dangerous good for the recreational use of passengers. CAR 92

State the restriction for the carriage of dangerous goods in an aircraft cabin occupied by passengers, or on the flight deck of an aircraft. CAR 92

State the requirements for the carriage of non-dangerous goods in an aircraft. CAR 92

State the requirement for the notification of the pilot-in-command when dangerous goods are carried. CAR 92

State the requirement for a dangerous goods training programme. CAR 92

State the dangerous goods recurrent training programme requirements. CAR 92

Emergencies; Incidents; and Accidents
Responsibilities of Operators and Pilots

State the requirement for the notification of accidents. CAR 12

State the requirement for the notification of incidents. CAR 12

State the extent to which a pilot may deviate from the CA Act or rules in an emergency situation. CA Act 1990 S13A (2)

State the pilot action required following deviation from the CA Act or rules in an emergency situation. CA Act 1990 S13A (6)

Communications and Equipment
State the transponder code a pilot should set to indicate an emergency condition. AIP ENR

State the transponder code a pilot should set to indicate a loss of communications. AIP ENR

State the transponder code a pilot should set to indicate that the aircraft is being subjected to unlawful interference. AIP ENR

Describe the means by which ATC will verify the transmission of an emergency SSR transponder code. AIP ENR

Describe the use of the speechless technique using unmodulated transmissions. AIP ENR

Describe and interpret ground-air visual signal codes. AIP GEN

Describe the procedures for directing a surface craft to a distress incident. AIP GEN

State the procedures for the emergency activation of an ELT. AIP GEN

State the pilot action required following the inadvertent transmission of an ELT. AIP GEN

State the requirements for the operational testing of an ELT. AIP GEN

State the procedures to be followed on receiving an ELT signal. AIP GEN