Open Science/Week 14: Synthesis

Learning Outcomes

 * List expected positive outcomes of open science.
 * List potential barriers to open science.
 * Describe arguments against open science.
 * Integrate multiple perspectives on the future of open science.

Readings
“Defining Success in Open Science” by Ali-Khan, S. E., Jean, A., MacDonald, E., & Gold, E. R. in MNI Open Research, 2, 2018, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. 10 pages.

“Open Science and Its Enemies: Challenges for a Sustainable Science–Society Social Contract” by Krishna, V. V. in Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(3), 61, 2020, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. 15 pages.

“The Future(s) of Open Science” by Mirowski, P. in Social Studies of Science, 48(2), 2018, Open Access via Sage. 32 pages.

Discussion Question
Which of the following statements best matches your belief about the future of open science?


 * Open science is likely to lead to positive outcomes.
 * Open science would create positive outcomes, but it faces strong barriers to adoption.
 * Open science is likely to lead to negative outcomes.

Support your answer with examples. You may address the question broadly or within your specific context. Conclude your response with a question for further discussion.

Instructor note: The reading "Defining Success in Open Science" also provides an opportunity to discuss open peer review.

Self-check Questions


{Which of the following outcomes of open science are discussed in the article “Defining Success in Open Science”? Mark all that apply. -science as a human right +positive economic impact +increased equity in research +better opportunities and recognition of early career researchers and youth
 * type="[]"}
 * Try again. Human rights are not mentioned in this article. However, the article does mention related concepts of increased equity and better opportunities for early career researchers and youth
 * Correct! The article does discuss positive economic impact expected from open science.
 * Correct! The article does discuss increased equity in research
 * Correct! The article does discuss better opportunities and recognition of early career researchers and youth.

{In the article “Defining Success in Open Science” by Ali-Khan and colleagues, what do the participants in the Leadership Forum believe is necessary to achieve implementation of open science? +a paradigm shift in scientific research culture -policy guidance from international institutions such as UNESCO -clear national policies in support of open science -technological advances
 * type=""}
 * Correct! Participants in the Leadership Forum focused on the importance of researchers’ culture and attitudes for implementation of open science.
 * Try again. Participants do not place much emphasis on public policy in this discussion.
 * Try again. Participants do not place much emphasis on public policy in this discussion.
 * Try again. The discussion of implementation in this article focused on attitude change and people skilled in the use of new technology.

{In “Open Science and Its Enemies,” Krishna is concerned that which of the following will block the advance of open science? Choose the best answer. -market-based factors such as corporate ownership of intellectual property -dehumanizing effects of global technology mega-corporations -restriction of the free flow of information due to increasingly authoritarian, nationalist governments +all of the above.
 * type=""}
 * Try again. This answer is true, but it is not the only true answer or the best answer.
 * Try again. This answer is true, but it is not the only true answer or the best answer.
 * Try again. This answer is true, but it is not the only true answer or the best answer.
 * Correct! Krishna sees all of these as potential barriers to the advance of open science.

{In the conclusion to “Open Science and Its Enemies," Krishna emphasizes the importance of which of the following factors for the success of open science? +global scientific institutions -technological advancements -free markets -intellectual property rights
 * type=""}
 * Correct! Krishna emphasizes the importance of global scientific institutions and nation-states facilitating the free flow of information.
 * Try again. Krishna is more concerned about the potentially disruptive effects of unregulated technology.
 * Try again. Krishna is more concerned about the unchecked market power of large corporations.
 * Try again. Krishna is more concerned about intellectual property rights as barriers to accessing scientific information.

{In “The Future(s) of Open Science,” Mirowski is primarily concerned about which of the following phenomena? -declining democracy -global climate change +platform capitalism. -human capital development
 * type=""}
 * Try again. Mirowski highlights his primary concern in the introduction and conclusion.
 * Try again. Mirowski highlights his primary concern in the introduction and conclusion.
 * Correct! Mirowski emphasizes platform capitalism, in which a lessened role for individual creators gives rise to technology companies with concentrated market power, in the introduction and conclusion, as well as throughout the paper.
 * Try again. Mirowski highlights his primary concern in the introduction and conclusion.