Open Science/Week 6: Diverse Paths to Open Science

Learning Outcomes

 * Compare multiple schools of thought that feature in the development of open science.
 * Explain how earlier schools of thought about open science are reflected in the UNESCO Recommendation.
 * Analyze key relationships between the priorities of open access and replicability in open science.

Readings
Open Science: One Term, Five Schools of Thought, Fecher B., Friesike S. In: Bartling S., Friesike S. (eds) Opening Science, 2014, CC BY-NC. 30 pages.

Plan S Principles, Coalition S, 2018, Copyright © 2021 European Science Foundation.

"From the 'Replicability Crisis' to Open Science Practices" in Rajiv S. Jhangiani; I-Chant A. Chiang; Carrie Cuttler; and Dana C. Leighton, Research Methods in Psychology - 4th Edition, 2019, licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted, 7 pages.

Discussion Question
Consider the five schools of thought that contribute to open science. Describe how one of these schools of thought is relevant to a scientific context with which you are familiar. You can describe an institutional, geographic, or disciplinary context. End your post with a question posed to other participants in the discussion.

Self-check Questions


{Using the categories presented by Fecher and Friesike in Open Science: One Term, Five Schools of Thought, which school of thought is concerned with themes like distributed computing and social networks? -public -democratic -pragmatic +infrastructure -measurement
 * type=""}
 * Try again. See Table 1.
 * Try again. See Table 1.
 * Try again. See Table 1.
 * Correct! The central aim of the infrastructure school is “creating openly available platforms, tools and services for scientists.”
 * Try again. See Table 1.

{This open science school of thought is concerned with themes like citizen science and crowdfunding. +public -democratic -pragmatic -infrastructure -measurement
 * type=""}
 * Correct! The central aim of the public school is making science accessible.
 * Try again. See Table 1.
 * Try again. See Table 1.
 * Try again. See Table 1.
 * Try again. See Table 1.

{This open science school of thought is concerned with practices like peer review and citation. -public -democratic -pragmatic -infrastructure +measurement
 * type=""}
 * Try again. See Table 1.
 * Try again. See Table 1.
 * Try again. See Table 1.
 * Try again. See Table 1.
 * Correct! The central aim of the measurement school is “developing an alternative metric system for scientific impact,” which has historically been measured based on citations.

{Review the Plan S Principles from Coalition S. With which open science school of thought are these principles most closely associated? -public +democratic -pragmatic -infrastructure -measurement
 * type=""}
 * Try again. See Table 1.
 * Correct! The Plan S Principles are closely related to the democratic school’s focus on open access to publications.
 * Try again. See Table 1.
 * Try again. See Table 1.
 * Try again. See Table 1.

{Which of the following are necessary to replicate a scientific study? Choose the best answer. +a detailed description of the original research design -the raw data collected in the original study -pre-registration -all of the above.
 * type=""}
 * Correct! To replicate, or repeat, a scientific study, you need to know the methods of the original study in sufficient detail.
 * Try again. It might be helpful to have the original data, but replication can also be done by collecting new data.
 * Try again. Pre-registration means that the methods were published before the study was conducted. It is a good practice that helps address the replication crisis by preventing researchers from changing methods to achieve desired results. However, as long as the published methods are detailed and accurate, you can replicate a study that was not pre-registered.
 * Try again. Only the detailed description is truly necessary to carry out a replication. Pre-registration and open data are open science practices, but not required for replication.