Open Science/Week 7: Innovations Throughout the Scientific Process

Learning Outcomes

 * Describe the stages of the scientific process.
 * Identify ways open science practices can be incorporated at each stage.

Readings
“A Vision for Open Science by Design” in Open Science by Design: Realizing a Vision for 21st Century Research, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, Copyright National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) 2018. 13 pages.

"Open Science Framework (OSF)" by Foster, E. D., & Deardorff, A. in Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, 105(2), Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. 3 pages.

In addition to reading the resource review above, encourage students to explore the OSF website https://osf.io/

Discussion Question
Locate an example using the Discover Public Research search on the Open Science Framework website. Suitable examples could be preprints, projects, or registrations. Provide a brief summary of your example, like the case studies used by Foster & Deardorff in their review of the Open Science Framework. Include at least one reference to the phases of the research lifecycle as presented in Open Science by Design. Conclude your case study with a question for further discussion.

Self-check Questions


{In the report Open Science by Design: Realizing a Vision for 21st Century Research, to what does the phrase “Open Science by Design” refer? +open science principles and practices in each phase of the research lifecycle -practices originally developed for the design of open source software -being intentional in one’s adoption of open principles and practices in science -relying on public policy to incentivise the adoption of open science
 * type=""}
 * Correct! Open Science by Design is defined as “a set of principles and practices that fosters openness throughout the entire research lifecycle” (p.107).
 * Try again. See Chapter 4, A Vision for Open Science by Design.
 * Try again. See Chapter 4, A Vision for Open Science by Design.
 * Try again. See Chapter 4, A Vision for Open Science by Design.

{What is the primary motivation behind the Open Science by Design framework? +quality -equity -human rights -inclusion
 * type=""}
 * Correct! In the words of the authors, “the overarching principle of open science is that research conducted openly and transparently leads to better science” (p.107).
 * Try again. See Chapter 4, A Vision for Open Science by Design.
 * Try again. See Chapter 4, A Vision for Open Science by Design.
 * Try again. See Chapter 4, A Vision for Open Science by Design.

{Which of the following items lists the phases of the research life cycle in the order used in the Open Science by Design model? +provocation, ideation, knowledge generation, validation, dissemination, preservation -provocation, ideation, knowledge generation, dissemination, validation, preservation -ideation, provocation, knowledge generation, validation, dissemination, preservation -ideation, knowledge generation, dissemination, provocation, validation, preservation
 * type=""}
 * Correct. Figure 4-1 shows the phases numbered in this order. 1. provocation, 2. ideation, 3. knowledge generation, 4. validation, 5. dissemination, 6. preservation
 * Try again. See Figure 4-1.
 * Try again. See Figure 4-1.
 * Try again. See Figure 4-1.

{The Open Science Framework is best described by which of the following terms? +infrastructure -theory -public policy -advocacy
 * type=""}
 * Correct! The Open Science Framework is an example of infrastructure that enables open science practices.
 * Try again. The Open Science Framework is more practical than theoretical.
 * Try again. The Open Science Framework is a non-profit organization and its use is voluntary, so this is not the best answer.
 * Try again. The Open Science Framework is more practical than persuasive.

{What conclusions do Foster & Deardorff draw from the two case studies in their resource review of Open Science Framework (OSF)? Choose the best answer. -OSF enabled a complex, multi-institutional open science project. -OSF was more complicated than some other options for a small project within a single institution. +Both of the above -None of the above
 * type=""}
 * Try again. This conclusion was supported, but it was not the only conclusion supported.
 * Try again. This conclusion was supported, but it was not the only conclusion supported.
 * Correct! The first conclusion was supported by the Psychology Reproducibility Study case and the second conclusion by the UCSF Library case.
 * Try again. Review the case studies section of the article.