PlanetPhysics/Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Field Theories

QED, QCD, Electroweak and Other Quantum Field Theories

 * 1) Quantum chromodynamics or \htmladdnormallink{QCD {http://planetphysics.us/encyclopedia/LQG2.html}:} the advanced, standard mathematical and quantum physics treatment of strong force or nuclear interactions such as those among quarks and gluons, (or partons and mesons), that have an intrinsic threefold, or eightfold quantum symmetry described by the `quantum' group SU(3) (which was first reported in 1964 by the US Nobel Laureate Murray Gell-Mann and others);
 * 2) \htmladdnormallink{quantum electrodynamics {http://planetphysics.us/encyclopedia/QED.html} QED}: that involves U(1) symmetry, is the advanced, standard mathematical and quantum physics treatment of electromagnetic interactions through several approaches, the more advanced including the path-integral approach by Feynman, Dirac's operator and QED equations, thus including either special or general relativity formulations of electromagnetic phenomena;
 * 3) Young--Mills theories;
 * 4) Electroweak interactions: SU(2) Symmetry;
 * 5) Algebraic Quantum Field Theories (AQFT);
 * 6) homotopy quantum field theories (HQFT) and topological QFT's (TQFT);
 * 7) quantum gravity (QG) and related theories.

Extended Quantum Symmetries
This obviates the need for `more fundamental', or extended quantum symmetries, such as those afforded by either several larger groups such as $$SU(3) \times SU(2) \times U(1)$$ (and their representations) in SUSY, or by spontaneously broken, multiple (`or localized') symmetries of a less restrictive kind present in 'quantum groupoids' as for example in weak Hopf algebra representations. More generally, such extended quantum symmetries can be realized as locally compact groupoid, $$G_{lc $$} unitary representations, and even more `powerful' structures to the higher dimensional (quantum) symmetries of quantum double groupoids, quantum double algebroids, quantum categories/ supercategories in HDA, and/or quantum supersymmetry superalgebras (or graded `Lie' algebras, see- for example- the QFT ref. discussing superalgebras in quantum gravity).

Thus, certain finite irreducible representations correspond to `elementary' (quantum) particles and spin symmetry representations have corresponding quantum obsevable operators, such as the Casimir operators. A well-known case is that of Pauli matrices that are representations of the special unitary group $$SU(2)$$. Supersymmetry, supergroups and superoperators further expand SUSY to quantum gravity and quantum statistical mechanics.