PlanetPhysics/Topics in Algebraic Topology

Introduction
algebraic topology (AT) utilizes algebraic approaches to solve topological problems, such as the classification of surfaces, proving duality theorems for manifolds and approximation theorems for topological spaces. A central problem in algebraic topology is to find algebraic invariants of topological spaces, which is usually carried out by means of homotopy, homology and cohomology groups. There are close connections between algebraic topology, Algebraic Geometry (AG), and non-commutative geometry / NAAT. On the other hand, there are also close ties between algebraic geometry and number theory.

Background
Latin quote: ""Non multa sed multum 

Outline

 * 1) homotopy theory and fundamental groups #Topology and groupoids; van Kampen theorem
 * 2) Homology and cohomology theories
 * 3) Duality
 * 4) category theory applications in algebraic topology
 * 5) indexes of category, functors and natural transformations
 * 6) Grothendieck's Descent theory
 * 7) `Anabelian Geometry' #Categorical Galois theory
 * 8) higher dimensional algebra (HDA)
 * 9) Quantum Algebraic Topology (QAT)
 * 10) Quantum Geometry
 * 11) Non-Abelian algebraic topology (NAAT)

Homotopy theory and fundamental groups

 * 1) Homotopy
 * 2) fundamental group of a space
 * 3) Fundamental theorems
 * 4) Van Kampen theorem #Whitehead groups, torsion and towers
 * 5) Postnikov towers

Topology and Groupoids

 * 1) Topology definition, axioms and basic concepts #fundamental groupoid #topological groupoid #van Kampen theorem for groupoids
 * 2) Groupoid pushout theorem
 * 3) double groupoids and crossed modules
 * 4) new4

Homology theory

 * 1) homology group #Homology sequence
 * 2) Homology complex
 * 3) new4

Cohomology theory

 * 1) Cohomology group
 * 2) Cohomology sequence
 * 3) DeRham cohomology
 * 4) new4

Duality in algebraic topology and category theory

 * 1) Tanaka-Krein duality
 * 2) Grothendieck duality
 * 3) categorical duality #tangled duality #DA5
 * DA6
 * DA7

Category theory applications

 * 1) abelian categories
 * 2) Topological category #fundamental groupoid functor #Categorical Galois theory
 * 3) Non-Abelian algebraic topology
 * 4) Group category
 * 5) groupoid category #$$\mathcal{T}op$$ category
 * 6) topos and topoi axioms
 * 7) generalized toposes #Categorical logic and algebraic topology
 * 8) meta-theorems #Duality between spaces and algebras

Index of categories
The following is a listing of categories relevant to algebraic topology:


 * 1) Algebraic categories
 * 2) Topological category
 * 3) Category of sets, Set
 * 4) Category of topological spaces
 * 5) category of Riemannian manifolds #Category of CW-complexes
 * 6) Category of Hausdorff spaces
 * 7) category of Borel spaces #Category of CR-complexes
 * 8) Category of graphs #Category of spin networks #Category of groups
 * 9) Galois category
 * 10) Category of fundamental groups
 * 11) Category of Polish groups
 * 12) Groupoid category
 * 13) category of groupoids (or groupoid category)
 * 14) category of Borel groupoids #Category of fundamental groupoids
 * 15) Category of functors (or functor category)
 * 16) Double groupoid category
 * 17) double category #category of Hilbert spaces #category of quantum automata #R-category #Category of algebroids #Category of double algebroids
 * 18) Category of dynamical systems

Index of functors
The following is a contributed listing of functors:


 * 1) Covariant functors
 * 2) Contravariant functors
 * 3) adjoint functors
 * 4) preadditive functors
 * 5) Additive functor
 * 6) representable functors
 * 7) Fundamental groupoid functor
 * 8) Forgetful functors
 * 9) Grothendieck group functor
 * 10) Exact functor
 * 11) Multi-functor
 * 12) section functors
 * NT2
 * NT3

Index of natural transformations
The following is a contributed listing of natural transformations:


 * 1) natural equivalence #Natural transformations in a 2-category #NT3
 * NT1
 * NT2
 * NT3

Grothendieck proposals
\item Pursuing Stacks
 * 1) Esquisse d'un Programme
 * S2
 * S3
 * S4

Descent theory

 * D1
 * D2
 * D3
 * D4

Higher dimensional algebra (HDA)

 * 1) Categorical groups
 * 2) Double groupoids
 * 3) Double algebroids
 * 4) Bi-algebroids
 * 5) $$R$$-algebroid
 * 6) $$2$$-category
 * 7) $$n$$-category
 * 8) super-category #weak n-categories #Bi-dimensional Geometry
 * 9) Noncommutative geometry
 * 10) Higher-Homotopy theories
 * 11) Higher-Homotopy Generalized van Kampen Theorem (HGvKT)
 * H1
 * H2
 * H3
 * H4

Axioms of cohomology theory

 * A1
 * A2
 * A3
 * A4
 * A5
 * A6
 * A7

Axioms of homology theory

 * A1


 * A2
 * A3
 * A4
 * A5
 * A6

Quantum algebraic topology (QAT)
'''(a). Quantum algebraic topology' is described as the mathematical and physical study of \htmladdnormallink{general theories'' {http://planetphysics.us/encyclopedia/GeneralTheory.html} of quantum algebraic structures from the standpoint of algebraic topology, category theory and their non-Abelian extensions in higher dimensional algebra and supercategories}

, JB- and JL- algebras, $$C^*$$ - or C*- algebras,
 * 1) quantum operator algebras (such as: involution, *-algebras, or $$*$$-algebras, von Neumann algebras,
 * 1) Quantum von Neumann algebra and subfactors; Jone's towers and subfactors
 * 2) Kac-Moody and K-algebras
 * 3) categorical groups
 * 4) Hopf algebras, quantum Groups and quantum group algebras
 * 5) quantum groupoids and weak Hopf $$C^*$$-algebras
 * 6) groupoid C*-convolution algebras and *-convolution algebroids
 * 7) quantum spacetimes and quantum fundamental groupoids
 * 8) Quantum double Algebras
 * 9) quantum gravity, supersymmetries, supergravity, superalgebras and graded `Lie' algebras #Quantum categorical algebra and higher--dimensional, $$\L{}-M_n$$- Toposes
 * 10) Quantum R-categories, R-supercategories and spontaneous symmetry breaking #Non-Abelian Quantum Algebraic Topology (NA-QAT): closely related to NAAT and HDA.

Quantum Geometry

 * 1) Quantum Geometry overview
 * 2) Quantum non-commutative geometry

Non-Abelian Algebraic Topology (NAAT)

 * 1) non-Abelian categories
 * 2) non-commutative groupoids (including non-Abelian groups)
 * 3) Generalized van Kampen theorems
 * 4) Noncommutative Geometry (NCG)
 * 5) Non-commutative `spaces' of functions #new4

12

 * 1) new1


 * 1) new2
 * 2) new3
 * 3) new4

13

 * 1) new1
 * 2) new2
 * 3) new3
 * 4) new4

Textbooks and Expositions:

 * 1) A Textbook1
 * 2) A Textbook2
 * 3) A Textbook3
 * 4) A Textbook4
 * 5) A Textbook5
 * 6) A Textbook6
 * 7) A Textbook7
 * 8) A Textbook8
 * 9) A Textbook9
 * 10) A Textbook10
 * 11) A Textbook11
 * 12) A Textbook12
 * 13) A Textbook13
 * 14) new1
 * 15) new2
 * 16) new3
 * 17) new4