Quizbank/Bell/152874216185

Bell152874216185

Bell:Bell1:V0
Bell152874216185 1) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 3
 * b) 4
 * c) 1
 * d) 5
 * e) 2

2) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 2
 * b) 4
 * c) 3
 * d) 5
 * e) 6

3) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average win ___ times.
 * a) 4
 * b) 5
 * c) 3
 * d) 2
 * e) 1

4) You solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;.  Which of the following loses?
 * a) K&spades; and K&clubs;
 * b) two of these are true
 * c) K and K&clubs;
 * d) none of these are true
 * e) K and K&spades;

5) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * a) 8
 * b) 6
 * c) 22
 * d) 16
 * e) 12

6) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as "two"?
 * a) 5/6
 * b) 3/6
 * c) 4/6
 * d) 2/6
 * e) 1/6

7) A local college averages 1600 new incoming students each year. Suppose the pool of potential high school graduates in the local area is so large that the probability of a given student selecting this college is small, and assume a variance of &sigma;2 equal to p(1-p).  What standard deviation would you expect in the yearly total of new enrollees, assuming nothing changes in this population from year to year?
 * a) 32
 * b) 16
 * c) 40
 * d) 10
 * e) 160

8) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are observed, then 68% of the time the observed number of positive outcomes will fall within &plusmn;___ of the expected value if p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution).
 * a) 9
 * b) 3
 * c) 18
 * d) 1
 * e) 6

9) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 60&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power is blocked by the filter?
 * a) 8mW
 * b) 4mW
 * c) 6mW
 * d) 9mW
 * e) 3mW

10) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power is blocked by the filter?
 * a) 9mW
 * b) 6mW
 * c) 8mW
 * d) 3mW
 * e) 4mW

KEY:Bell:Bell1:V0
Bell152874216185 1) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * -a) 3
 * -b) 4
 * +c) 1
 * -d) 5
 * -e) 2

2) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * +a) 2
 * -b) 4
 * -c) 3
 * -d) 5
 * -e) 6

3) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average win ___ times.
 * -a) 4
 * -b) 5
 * -c) 3
 * +d) 2
 * -e) 1

4) You solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;.  Which of the following loses?
 * -a) K&spades; and K&clubs;
 * -b) two of these are true
 * +c) K and K&clubs;
 * -d) none of these are true
 * -e) K and K&spades;

5) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * +a) 8
 * -b) 6
 * -c) 22
 * -d) 16
 * -e) 12

6) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as "two"?
 * -a) 5/6
 * +b) 3/6
 * -c) 4/6
 * -d) 2/6
 * -e) 1/6

7) A local college averages 1600 new incoming students each year. Suppose the pool of potential high school graduates in the local area is so large that the probability of a given student selecting this college is small, and assume a variance of &sigma;2 equal to p(1-p).  What standard deviation would you expect in the yearly total of new enrollees, assuming nothing changes in this population from year to year?
 * -a) 32
 * +b) 16
 * -c) 40
 * -d) 10
 * -e) 160

8) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are observed, then 68% of the time the observed number of positive outcomes will fall within &plusmn;___ of the expected value if p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution).
 * -a) 9
 * +b) 3
 * -c) 18
 * -d) 1
 * -e) 6

9) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 60&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power is blocked by the filter?
 * -a) 8mW
 * -b) 4mW
 * -c) 6mW
 * +d) 9mW
 * -e) 3mW

10) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power is blocked by the filter?
 * -a) 9mW
 * -b) 6mW
 * -c) 8mW
 * +d) 3mW
 * -e) 4mW

Bell:Bell1:V1
Bell152874216185 1) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 4
 * b) 3
 * c) 5
 * d) 1
 * e) 2

2) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as "two"?
 * a) 3/6
 * b) 5/6
 * c) 2/6
 * d) 1/6
 * e) 4/6

3) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * a) 16
 * b) 12
 * c) 8
 * d) 22
 * e) 6

4) A local college averages 1600 new incoming students each year. Suppose the pool of potential high school graduates in the local area is so large that the probability of a given student selecting this college is small, and assume a variance of &sigma;2 equal to p(1-p).  What standard deviation would you expect in the yearly total of new enrollees, assuming nothing changes in this population from year to year?
 * a) 10
 * b) 16
 * c) 40
 * d) 160
 * e) 32

5) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power is blocked by the filter?
 * a) 3mW
 * b) 6mW
 * c) 8mW
 * d) 4mW
 * e) 9mW

6) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 60&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power is blocked by the filter?
 * a) 6mW
 * b) 9mW
 * c) 8mW
 * d) 3mW
 * e) 4mW

7) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are observed, then 68% of the time the observed number of positive outcomes will fall within &plusmn;___ of the expected value if p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution).
 * a) 1
 * b) 18
 * c) 9
 * d) 6
 * e) 3

8) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 3
 * b) 2
 * c) 6
 * d) 5
 * e) 4

9) You solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;.  Which of the following loses?
 * a) K and K&spades;
 * b) two of these are true
 * c) K and K&clubs;
 * d) none of these are true
 * e) K&spades; and K&clubs;

10) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average win ___ times.
 * a) 2
 * b) 1
 * c) 5
 * d) 4
 * e) 3

KEY:Bell:Bell1:V1
Bell152874216185 1) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * -a) 4
 * -b) 3
 * -c) 5
 * +d) 1
 * -e) 2

2) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as "two"?
 * +a) 3/6
 * -b) 5/6
 * -c) 2/6
 * -d) 1/6
 * -e) 4/6

3) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * -a) 16
 * -b) 12
 * +c) 8
 * -d) 22
 * -e) 6

4) A local college averages 1600 new incoming students each year. Suppose the pool of potential high school graduates in the local area is so large that the probability of a given student selecting this college is small, and assume a variance of &sigma;2 equal to p(1-p).  What standard deviation would you expect in the yearly total of new enrollees, assuming nothing changes in this population from year to year?
 * -a) 10
 * +b) 16
 * -c) 40
 * -d) 160
 * -e) 32

5) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power is blocked by the filter?
 * +a) 3mW
 * -b) 6mW
 * -c) 8mW
 * -d) 4mW
 * -e) 9mW

6) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 60&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power is blocked by the filter?
 * -a) 6mW
 * +b) 9mW
 * -c) 8mW
 * -d) 3mW
 * -e) 4mW

7) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are observed, then 68% of the time the observed number of positive outcomes will fall within &plusmn;___ of the expected value if p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution).
 * -a) 1
 * -b) 18
 * -c) 9
 * -d) 6
 * +e) 3

8) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * -a) 3
 * +b) 2
 * -c) 6
 * -d) 5
 * -e) 4

9) You solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;.  Which of the following loses?
 * -a) K and K&spades;
 * -b) two of these are true
 * +c) K and K&clubs;
 * -d) none of these are true
 * -e) K&spades; and K&clubs;

10) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average win ___ times.
 * +a) 2
 * -b) 1
 * -c) 5
 * -d) 4
 * -e) 3

Bell:Bell1:V2
Bell152874216185 1) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are observed, then 68% of the time the observed number of positive outcomes will fall within &plusmn;___ of the expected value if p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution).
 * a) 1
 * b) 6
 * c) 9
 * d) 3
 * e) 18

2) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 60&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power is blocked by the filter?
 * a) 3mW
 * b) 9mW
 * c) 6mW
 * d) 4mW
 * e) 8mW

3) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as "two"?
 * a) 5/6
 * b) 4/6
 * c) 2/6
 * d) 1/6
 * e) 3/6

4) You solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;.  Which of the following loses?
 * a) K and K&spades;
 * b) K&spades; and K&clubs;
 * c) two of these are true
 * d) K and K&clubs;
 * e) none of these are true

5) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * a) 22
 * b) 16
 * c) 6
 * d) 12
 * e) 8

6) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 1
 * b) 5
 * c) 4
 * d) 3
 * e) 2

7) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 2
 * b) 5
 * c) 3
 * d) 4
 * e) 6

8) A local college averages 1600 new incoming students each year. Suppose the pool of potential high school graduates in the local area is so large that the probability of a given student selecting this college is small, and assume a variance of &sigma;2 equal to p(1-p).  What standard deviation would you expect in the yearly total of new enrollees, assuming nothing changes in this population from year to year?
 * a) 16
 * b) 40
 * c) 160
 * d) 32
 * e) 10

9) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power is blocked by the filter?
 * a) 3mW
 * b) 9mW
 * c) 6mW
 * d) 4mW
 * e) 8mW

10) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average win ___ times.
 * a) 1
 * b) 5
 * c) 3
 * d) 4
 * e) 2

KEY:Bell:Bell1:V2
Bell152874216185 1) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are observed, then 68% of the time the observed number of positive outcomes will fall within &plusmn;___ of the expected value if p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution).
 * -a) 1
 * -b) 6
 * -c) 9
 * +d) 3
 * -e) 18

2) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 60&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power is blocked by the filter?
 * -a) 3mW
 * +b) 9mW
 * -c) 6mW
 * -d) 4mW
 * -e) 8mW

3) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as "two"?
 * -a) 5/6
 * -b) 4/6
 * -c) 2/6
 * -d) 1/6
 * +e) 3/6

4) You solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;.  Which of the following loses?
 * -a) K and K&spades;
 * -b) K&spades; and K&clubs;
 * -c) two of these are true
 * +d) K and K&clubs;
 * -e) none of these are true

5) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * -a) 22
 * -b) 16
 * -c) 6
 * -d) 12
 * +e) 8

6) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * +a) 1
 * -b) 5
 * -c) 4
 * -d) 3
 * -e) 2

7) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * +a) 2
 * -b) 5
 * -c) 3
 * -d) 4
 * -e) 6

8) A local college averages 1600 new incoming students each year. Suppose the pool of potential high school graduates in the local area is so large that the probability of a given student selecting this college is small, and assume a variance of &sigma;2 equal to p(1-p).  What standard deviation would you expect in the yearly total of new enrollees, assuming nothing changes in this population from year to year?
 * +a) 16
 * -b) 40
 * -c) 160
 * -d) 32
 * -e) 10

9) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power is blocked by the filter?
 * +a) 3mW
 * -b) 9mW
 * -c) 6mW
 * -d) 4mW
 * -e) 8mW

10) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average win ___ times.
 * -a) 1
 * -b) 5
 * -c) 3
 * -d) 4
 * +e) 2

Bell:Bell2:V0
Bell152874216185 1) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters, each oriented 45&deg; to the  previous, as shown.  What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
 * a) 3/32
 * b) 1/16
 * c) 3/16
 * d) 1/8
 * e) 1/32

2) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the different suit (different questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * a) None of these is correct
 * b) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * c) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * d) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * e) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$

3) Suppose both partners choose to answer "even" to any question that is asked.  Why would such a strategy ever be adopted? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * a) The partners might have cheated so much in the past that they need to lose a round.
 * b) Both partners agree that there is a 90% chance that the two question cards will have the same suit.
 * c) Two of these reasons for this strategy might be valid
 * d) There is no reason for the partners to ever adopt this strategy
 * e) One partner might announce that all answers will be "even", while the other is certain that the both question cards will have the same suit.

4) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with $$Q =\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1-P_S}{P_S}\right).$$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 0?
 * a) $$\infty$$
 * b) $$3$$
 * c) $$0$$
 * d) $$4$$
 * e) $$4/3$$

5) If an atom emits two photons in a cascade emission and both photons have 2 eV of energy, the atom's energy
 * a) increases by 2 eV
 * b) stays the same
 * c) decreases by 4 eV
 * d) decreases by 2 eV
 * e) increases by 4 eV

6) A photon is polarized at 10&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 100&deg;. What is the probability that it is blocked?
 * a) 1
 * b) 1/2
 * c) 1/4
 * d) 0
 * e) 3/4

7) This figure is associated with
 * a) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf
 * b) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * c) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * d) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * e) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.

8) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 5/6
 * b) 2/5
 * c) 3/5
 * d) 3/4
 * e) 2/4=1/2

9) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is both even and prime?
 * a) 1
 * b) 1/4
 * c) 5/4
 * d) 3/4
 * e) 1/2
 * f) 0

10) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime)+P(even), or the sum of the probability that it is even, plus the probability that it is prime?
 * a) 1/2
 * b) 1
 * c) 3/4
 * d) 0
 * e) 1/4
 * f) 5/4

KEY:Bell:Bell2:V0
Bell152874216185 1) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters, each oriented 45&deg; to the  previous, as shown.  What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
 * -a) 3/32
 * -b) 1/16
 * -c) 3/16
 * +d) 1/8
 * -e) 1/32

2) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the different suit (different questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * -a) None of these is correct
 * -b) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -c) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -d) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * +e) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$

3) Suppose both partners choose to answer "even" to any question that is asked.  Why would such a strategy ever be adopted? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * -a) The partners might have cheated so much in the past that they need to lose a round.
 * -b) Both partners agree that there is a 90% chance that the two question cards will have the same suit.
 * +c) Two of these reasons for this strategy might be valid
 * -d) There is no reason for the partners to ever adopt this strategy
 * -e) One partner might announce that all answers will be "even", while the other is certain that the both question cards will have the same suit.

4) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with $$Q =\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1-P_S}{P_S}\right).$$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 0?
 * +a) $$\infty$$
 * -b) $$3$$
 * -c) $$0$$
 * -d) $$4$$
 * -e) $$4/3$$

5) If an atom emits two photons in a cascade emission and both photons have 2 eV of energy, the atom's energy
 * -a) increases by 2 eV
 * -b) stays the same
 * +c) decreases by 4 eV
 * -d) decreases by 2 eV
 * -e) increases by 4 eV

6) A photon is polarized at 10&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 100&deg;. What is the probability that it is blocked?
 * +a) 1
 * -b) 1/2
 * -c) 1/4
 * -d) 0
 * -e) 3/4

7) This figure is associated with
 * +a) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf
 * -b) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * -c) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * -d) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * -e) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.

8) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) 5/6
 * -b) 2/5
 * +c) 3/5
 * -d) 3/4
 * -e) 2/4=1/2

9) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is both even and prime?
 * -a) 1
 * +b) 1/4
 * -c) 5/4
 * -d) 3/4
 * -e) 1/2
 * -f) 0

10) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime)+P(even), or the sum of the probability that it is even, plus the probability that it is prime?
 * -a) 1/2
 * -b) 1
 * -c) 3/4
 * -d) 0
 * -e) 1/4
 * +f) 5/4

Bell:Bell2:V1
Bell152874216185 1) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with $$Q =\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1-P_S}{P_S}\right).$$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 0?
 * a) $$3$$
 * b) $$4/3$$
 * c) $$4$$
 * d) $$0$$
 * e) $$\infty$$

2) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the different suit (different questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * a) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * b) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * c) None of these is correct
 * d) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * e) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$

3) Suppose both partners choose to answer "even" to any question that is asked.  Why would such a strategy ever be adopted? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * a) Two of these reasons for this strategy might be valid
 * b) There is no reason for the partners to ever adopt this strategy
 * c) Both partners agree that there is a 90% chance that the two question cards will have the same suit.
 * d) The partners might have cheated so much in the past that they need to lose a round.
 * e) One partner might announce that all answers will be "even", while the other is certain that the both question cards will have the same suit.

4) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 5/6
 * b) 3/4
 * c) 2/4=1/2
 * d) 2/5
 * e) 3/5

5) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is both even and prime?
 * a) 1/4
 * b) 1
 * c) 5/4
 * d) 3/4
 * e) 1/2
 * f) 0

6) If an atom emits two photons in a cascade emission and both photons have 2 eV of energy, the atom's energy
 * a) stays the same
 * b) increases by 4 eV
 * c) increases by 2 eV
 * d) decreases by 2 eV
 * e) decreases by 4 eV

7) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters, each oriented 45&deg; to the  previous, as shown.  What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
 * a) 3/32
 * b) 3/16
 * c) 1/8
 * d) 1/32
 * e) 1/16

8) This figure is associated with
 * a) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf
 * b) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * c) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * d) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * e) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)

9) A photon is polarized at 10&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 100&deg;. What is the probability that it is blocked?
 * a) 0
 * b) 1/2
 * c) 1
 * d) 3/4
 * e) 1/4

10) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime)+P(even), or the sum of the probability that it is even, plus the probability that it is prime?
 * a) 1
 * b) 0
 * c) 1/4
 * d) 3/4
 * e) 5/4
 * f) 1/2

KEY:Bell:Bell2:V1
Bell152874216185 1) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with $$Q =\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1-P_S}{P_S}\right).$$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 0?
 * -a) $$3$$
 * -b) $$4/3$$
 * -c) $$4$$
 * -d) $$0$$
 * +e) $$\infty$$

2) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the different suit (different questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * -a) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -b) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -c) None of these is correct
 * +d) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -e) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$

3) Suppose both partners choose to answer "even" to any question that is asked.  Why would such a strategy ever be adopted? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * +a) Two of these reasons for this strategy might be valid
 * -b) There is no reason for the partners to ever adopt this strategy
 * -c) Both partners agree that there is a 90% chance that the two question cards will have the same suit.
 * -d) The partners might have cheated so much in the past that they need to lose a round.
 * -e) One partner might announce that all answers will be "even", while the other is certain that the both question cards will have the same suit.

4) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) 5/6
 * -b) 3/4
 * -c) 2/4=1/2
 * -d) 2/5
 * +e) 3/5

5) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is both even and prime?
 * +a) 1/4
 * -b) 1
 * -c) 5/4
 * -d) 3/4
 * -e) 1/2
 * -f) 0

6) If an atom emits two photons in a cascade emission and both photons have 2 eV of energy, the atom's energy
 * -a) stays the same
 * -b) increases by 4 eV
 * -c) increases by 2 eV
 * -d) decreases by 2 eV
 * +e) decreases by 4 eV

7) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters, each oriented 45&deg; to the  previous, as shown.  What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
 * -a) 3/32
 * -b) 3/16
 * +c) 1/8
 * -d) 1/32
 * -e) 1/16

8) This figure is associated with
 * +a) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf
 * -b) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * -c) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * -d) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * -e) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)

9) A photon is polarized at 10&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 100&deg;. What is the probability that it is blocked?
 * -a) 0
 * -b) 1/2
 * +c) 1
 * -d) 3/4
 * -e) 1/4

10) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime)+P(even), or the sum of the probability that it is even, plus the probability that it is prime?
 * -a) 1
 * -b) 0
 * -c) 1/4
 * -d) 3/4
 * +e) 5/4
 * -f) 1/2

Bell:Bell2:V2
Bell152874216185 1) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is both even and prime?
 * a) 1/4
 * b) 3/4
 * c) 1/2
 * d) 5/4
 * e) 1
 * f) 0

2) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 2/5
 * b) 3/5
 * c) 2/4=1/2
 * d) 5/6
 * e) 3/4

3) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters, each oriented 45&deg; to the  previous, as shown.  What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
 * a) 1/8
 * b) 3/32
 * c) 3/16
 * d) 1/32
 * e) 1/16

4) A photon is polarized at 10&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 100&deg;. What is the probability that it is blocked?
 * a) 1
 * b) 0
 * c) 1/2
 * d) 3/4
 * e) 1/4

5) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the different suit (different questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * a) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * b) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * c) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * d) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * e) None of these is correct

6) If an atom emits two photons in a cascade emission and both photons have 2 eV of energy, the atom's energy
 * a) decreases by 4 eV
 * b) increases by 2 eV
 * c) stays the same
 * d) decreases by 2 eV
 * e) increases by 4 eV

7) This figure is associated with
 * a) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * b) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf
 * c) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * d) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * e) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)

8) Suppose both partners choose to answer "even" to any question that is asked.  Why would such a strategy ever be adopted? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * a) There is no reason for the partners to ever adopt this strategy
 * b) Both partners agree that there is a 90% chance that the two question cards will have the same suit.
 * c) The partners might have cheated so much in the past that they need to lose a round.
 * d) One partner might announce that all answers will be "even", while the other is certain that the both question cards will have the same suit.
 * e) Two of these reasons for this strategy might be valid

9) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with $$Q =\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1-P_S}{P_S}\right).$$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 0?
 * a) $$4/3$$
 * b) $$3$$
 * c) $$0$$
 * d) $$4$$
 * e) $$\infty$$

10) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime)+P(even), or the sum of the probability that it is even, plus the probability that it is prime?
 * a) 3/4
 * b) 1/2
 * c) 1/4
 * d) 5/4
 * e) 1
 * f) 0

KEY:Bell:Bell2:V2
Bell152874216185 1) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is both even and prime?
 * +a) 1/4
 * -b) 3/4
 * -c) 1/2
 * -d) 5/4
 * -e) 1
 * -f) 0

2) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) 2/5
 * +b) 3/5
 * -c) 2/4=1/2
 * -d) 5/6
 * -e) 3/4

3) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters, each oriented 45&deg; to the  previous, as shown.  What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
 * +a) 1/8
 * -b) 3/32
 * -c) 3/16
 * -d) 1/32
 * -e) 1/16

4) A photon is polarized at 10&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 100&deg;. What is the probability that it is blocked?
 * +a) 1
 * -b) 0
 * -c) 1/2
 * -d) 3/4
 * -e) 1/4

5) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the different suit (different questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * -a) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * +b) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -c) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -d) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -e) None of these is correct

6) If an atom emits two photons in a cascade emission and both photons have 2 eV of energy, the atom's energy
 * +a) decreases by 4 eV
 * -b) increases by 2 eV
 * -c) stays the same
 * -d) decreases by 2 eV
 * -e) increases by 4 eV

7) This figure is associated with
 * -a) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * +b) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf
 * -c) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * -d) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * -e) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)

8) Suppose both partners choose to answer "even" to any question that is asked.  Why would such a strategy ever be adopted? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * -a) There is no reason for the partners to ever adopt this strategy
 * -b) Both partners agree that there is a 90% chance that the two question cards will have the same suit.
 * -c) The partners might have cheated so much in the past that they need to lose a round.
 * -d) One partner might announce that all answers will be "even", while the other is certain that the both question cards will have the same suit.
 * +e) Two of these reasons for this strategy might be valid

9) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with $$Q =\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1-P_S}{P_S}\right).$$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 0?
 * -a) $$4/3$$
 * -b) $$3$$
 * -c) $$0$$
 * -d) $$4$$
 * +e) $$\infty$$

10) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime)+P(even), or the sum of the probability that it is even, plus the probability that it is prime?
 * -a) 3/4
 * -b) 1/2
 * -c) 1/4
 * +d) 5/4
 * -e) 1
 * -f) 0

Bell:Bell3:V0
Bell152874216185 1) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 5
 * b) 2
 * c) 4
 * d) 1
 * e) 3

2) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 5
 * b) 6
 * c) 4
 * d) 3
 * e) 2

3) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * a) 16
 * b) 12
 * c) 22
 * d) 6
 * e) 8

4) By definition, a skewed distribution
 * a) is asymmetric about it's peak value
 * b) contains no outliers
 * c) is a "normal" distribution
 * d) includes negative values of the observed variable
 * e) is broader than an unskewed distribution

5) How would you describe the "skew" of a binary distribution?
 * a) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a large number of trials n.
 * b) Distributions are never skewed. Only experimental measurements of them are skewed.
 * c) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a small number of trials n.
 * d) None of these are true.
 * e) The binary distribution is never skewed if it is a true binary distribution.

6) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 90 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * a) 22
 * b) 12
 * c) 8
 * d) 6
 * e) 16

7) If the hypotenuse of a 45&deg;-45&deg; right triangle has a length of $$\sqrt 2$$ what is the length of each side?
 * a) $$\sqrt 2$$
 * b) $$2\sqrt 2$$
 * c) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * d) $$1$$
 * e) $$\tfrac 1 2$$

8) The light is linearly polarized, the electric field is oriented ________to the direction of motion
 * a) parallel
 * b) perpendicular
 * c) all of these are possible
 * d) at 45 degrees

9) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power passes the filter?
 * a) 3mW
 * b) 9mW
 * c) 4mW
 * d) 6mW
 * e) 8mW

10) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.  By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 30&deg; to that field?
 * a) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * b) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$
 * c) $$\tfrac 1 4$$
 * d) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * e) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$

11) Although it decreases the rate at which the partners lose point, increasing the probability of asking the same question is more effective at persuading students to act as particles by relying on the &alpha;-strategy because relying on a larger penalty for giving different answers to the same question will tempt students to use the &beta;-strategy only briefly (hoping never to be caught) and then requesting a break to "re-establish" quantum entanglement.
 * a) True
 * b) False

12) is it cheating for one of the partners to change mind in after communication ceases?
 * a) It is cheating, but fortunately the penalty allows partners to do it
 * b) It is cheating and the game should be terminated if the partners are caught doing this
 * c) It is not cheating, but allowing to partners to do so violates the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.
 * d) It is not cheating, and allowing to partners to do this is in the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.

13) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the same suit (same questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * a) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * b) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * c) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * d) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * e) None of these is correct

14) This figure is associated with
 * a) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * b) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * c) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
 * d) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * e) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.

15) A photon is polarized at 10&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 100&deg;. What is the probability that it is blocked?
 * a) 1/4
 * b) 1/2
 * c) 1
 * d) 3/4
 * e) 0

16) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes in two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other.  The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object has the greater electromagnetic ("photon") energy?
 * a) The larger object has a greater energy.
 * b) They have the same energy (since the holes are identical).
 * c) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).
 * d) The hotter object has a greater energy.

17) This figure is associated with
 * a) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * b) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * c) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * d) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
 * e) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.

18) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime)+P(even), or the sum of the probability that it is even, plus the probability that it is prime?
 * a) 1
 * b) 3/4
 * c) 0
 * d) 1/2
 * e) 5/4
 * f) 1/4

19) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(even), or the probability that the number is even?
 * a) 1/4
 * b) 0
 * c) 3/4
 * d) 5/4
 * e) 1
 * f) 1/2

20) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is both even and prime?
 * a) 1
 * b) 0
 * c) 1/4
 * d) 1/2
 * e) 3/4
 * f) 5/4

KEY:Bell:Bell3:V0
Bell152874216185 1) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * -a) 5
 * -b) 2
 * -c) 4
 * +d) 1
 * -e) 3

2) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * -a) 5
 * -b) 6
 * -c) 4
 * -d) 3
 * +e) 2

3) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * -a) 16
 * -b) 12
 * -c) 22
 * -d) 6
 * +e) 8

4) By definition, a skewed distribution
 * +a) is asymmetric about it's peak value
 * -b) contains no outliers
 * -c) is a "normal" distribution
 * -d) includes negative values of the observed variable
 * -e) is broader than an unskewed distribution

5) How would you describe the "skew" of a binary distribution?
 * +a) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a large number of trials n.
 * -b) Distributions are never skewed. Only experimental measurements of them are skewed.
 * -c) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a small number of trials n.
 * -d) None of these are true.
 * -e) The binary distribution is never skewed if it is a true binary distribution.

6) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 90 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * -a) 22
 * -b) 12
 * -c) 8
 * -d) 6
 * +e) 16

7) If the hypotenuse of a 45&deg;-45&deg; right triangle has a length of $$\sqrt 2$$ what is the length of each side?
 * +a) $$\sqrt 2$$
 * -b) $$2\sqrt 2$$
 * -c) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * -d) $$1$$
 * -e) $$\tfrac 1 2$$

8) The light is linearly polarized, the electric field is oriented ________to the direction of motion
 * -a) parallel
 * +b) perpendicular
 * -c) all of these are possible
 * -d) at 45 degrees

9) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power passes the filter?
 * -a) 3mW
 * +b) 9mW
 * -c) 4mW
 * -d) 6mW
 * -e) 8mW

10) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.  By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 30&deg; to that field?
 * -a) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * +b) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$
 * -c) $$\tfrac 1 4$$
 * -d) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * -e) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$

11) Although it decreases the rate at which the partners lose point, increasing the probability of asking the same question is more effective at persuading students to act as particles by relying on the &alpha;-strategy because relying on a larger penalty for giving different answers to the same question will tempt students to use the &beta;-strategy only briefly (hoping never to be caught) and then requesting a break to "re-establish" quantum entanglement.
 * +a) True
 * -b) False

12) is it cheating for one of the partners to change mind in after communication ceases?
 * -a) It is cheating, but fortunately the penalty allows partners to do it
 * -b) It is cheating and the game should be terminated if the partners are caught doing this
 * -c) It is not cheating, but allowing to partners to do so violates the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.
 * +d) It is not cheating, and allowing to partners to do this is in the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.

13) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the same suit (same questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * -a) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -b) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -c) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * +d) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -e) None of these is correct

14) This figure is associated with
 * -a) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * -b) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * -c) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
 * -d) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * +e) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.

15) A photon is polarized at 10&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 100&deg;. What is the probability that it is blocked?
 * -a) 1/4
 * -b) 1/2
 * +c) 1
 * -d) 3/4
 * -e) 0

16) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes in two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other.  The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object has the greater electromagnetic ("photon") energy?
 * -a) The larger object has a greater energy.
 * -b) They have the same energy (since the holes are identical).
 * +c) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).
 * -d) The hotter object has a greater energy.

17) This figure is associated with
 * -a) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * -b) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * +c) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * -d) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
 * -e) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.

18) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime)+P(even), or the sum of the probability that it is even, plus the probability that it is prime?
 * -a) 1
 * -b) 3/4
 * -c) 0
 * -d) 1/2
 * +e) 5/4
 * -f) 1/4

19) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(even), or the probability that the number is even?
 * -a) 1/4
 * -b) 0
 * -c) 3/4
 * -d) 5/4
 * -e) 1
 * +f) 1/2

20) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is both even and prime?
 * -a) 1
 * -b) 0
 * +c) 1/4
 * -d) 1/2
 * -e) 3/4
 * -f) 5/4

Bell:Bell3:V1
Bell152874216185 1) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 6
 * b) 5
 * c) 4
 * d) 3
 * e) 2

2) Although it decreases the rate at which the partners lose point, increasing the probability of asking the same question is more effective at persuading students to act as particles by relying on the &alpha;-strategy because relying on a larger penalty for giving different answers to the same question will tempt students to use the &beta;-strategy only briefly (hoping never to be caught) and then requesting a break to "re-establish" quantum entanglement.
 * a) True
 * b) False

3) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.  By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 30&deg; to that field?
 * a) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$
 * b) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * c) $$\tfrac 1 4$$
 * d) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * e) $$\tfrac 3 4$$

4) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * a) 8
 * b) 12
 * c) 6
 * d) 22
 * e) 16

5) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the same suit (same questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * a) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * b) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * c) None of these is correct
 * d) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * e) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$

6) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 2
 * b) 1
 * c) 4
 * d) 3
 * e) 5

7) is it cheating for one of the partners to change mind in after communication ceases?
 * a) It is cheating, but fortunately the penalty allows partners to do it
 * b) It is cheating and the game should be terminated if the partners are caught doing this
 * c) It is not cheating, but allowing to partners to do so violates the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.
 * d) It is not cheating, and allowing to partners to do this is in the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.

8) If the hypotenuse of a 45&deg;-45&deg; right triangle has a length of $$\sqrt 2$$ what is the length of each side?
 * a) $$1$$
 * b) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * c) $$2\sqrt 2$$
 * d) $$\sqrt 2$$
 * e) $$\tfrac 1 2$$

9) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is both even and prime?
 * a) 5/4
 * b) 1/2
 * c) 1
 * d) 1/4
 * e) 0
 * f) 3/4

10) A photon is polarized at 10&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 100&deg;. What is the probability that it is blocked?
 * a) 0
 * b) 1
 * c) 1/2
 * d) 3/4
 * e) 1/4

11) How would you describe the "skew" of a binary distribution?
 * a) Distributions are never skewed. Only experimental measurements of them are skewed.
 * b) The binary distribution is never skewed if it is a true binary distribution.
 * c) None of these are true.
 * d) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a large number of trials n.
 * e) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a small number of trials n.

12) This figure is associated with
 * a) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * b) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * c) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * d) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * e) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)

13) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime)+P(even), or the sum of the probability that it is even, plus the probability that it is prime?
 * a) 1/2
 * b) 1
 * c) 3/4
 * d) 5/4
 * e) 1/4
 * f) 0

14) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes in two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other.  The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object has the greater electromagnetic ("photon") energy?
 * a) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).
 * b) They have the same energy (since the holes are identical).
 * c) The larger object has a greater energy.
 * d) The hotter object has a greater energy.

15) This figure is associated with
 * a) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * b) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * c) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
 * d) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * e) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)

16) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power passes the filter?
 * a) 9mW
 * b) 3mW
 * c) 6mW
 * d) 8mW
 * e) 4mW

17) The light is linearly polarized, the electric field is oriented ________to the direction of motion
 * a) parallel
 * b) perpendicular
 * c) all of these are possible
 * d) at 45 degrees

18) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 90 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * a) 12
 * b) 22
 * c) 6
 * d) 16
 * e) 8

19) By definition, a skewed distribution
 * a) is broader than an unskewed distribution
 * b) includes negative values of the observed variable
 * c) contains no outliers
 * d) is asymmetric about it's peak value
 * e) is a "normal" distribution

20) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(even), or the probability that the number is even?
 * a) 3/4
 * b) 5/4
 * c) 1
 * d) 1/4
 * e) 0
 * f) 1/2

KEY:Bell:Bell3:V1
Bell152874216185 1) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * -a) 6
 * -b) 5
 * -c) 4
 * -d) 3
 * +e) 2

2) Although it decreases the rate at which the partners lose point, increasing the probability of asking the same question is more effective at persuading students to act as particles by relying on the &alpha;-strategy because relying on a larger penalty for giving different answers to the same question will tempt students to use the &beta;-strategy only briefly (hoping never to be caught) and then requesting a break to "re-establish" quantum entanglement.
 * +a) True
 * -b) False

3) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.  By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 30&deg; to that field?
 * +a) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$
 * -b) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * -c) $$\tfrac 1 4$$
 * -d) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * -e) $$\tfrac 3 4$$

4) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * +a) 8
 * -b) 12
 * -c) 6
 * -d) 22
 * -e) 16

5) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the same suit (same questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * -a) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -b) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -c) None of these is correct
 * +d) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -e) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$

6) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * -a) 2
 * +b) 1
 * -c) 4
 * -d) 3
 * -e) 5

7) is it cheating for one of the partners to change mind in after communication ceases?
 * -a) It is cheating, but fortunately the penalty allows partners to do it
 * -b) It is cheating and the game should be terminated if the partners are caught doing this
 * -c) It is not cheating, but allowing to partners to do so violates the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.
 * +d) It is not cheating, and allowing to partners to do this is in the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.

8) If the hypotenuse of a 45&deg;-45&deg; right triangle has a length of $$\sqrt 2$$ what is the length of each side?
 * -a) $$1$$
 * -b) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * -c) $$2\sqrt 2$$
 * +d) $$\sqrt 2$$
 * -e) $$\tfrac 1 2$$

9) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is both even and prime?
 * -a) 5/4
 * -b) 1/2
 * -c) 1
 * +d) 1/4
 * -e) 0
 * -f) 3/4

10) A photon is polarized at 10&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 100&deg;. What is the probability that it is blocked?
 * -a) 0
 * +b) 1
 * -c) 1/2
 * -d) 3/4
 * -e) 1/4

11) How would you describe the "skew" of a binary distribution?
 * -a) Distributions are never skewed. Only experimental measurements of them are skewed.
 * -b) The binary distribution is never skewed if it is a true binary distribution.
 * -c) None of these are true.
 * +d) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a large number of trials n.
 * -e) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a small number of trials n.

12) This figure is associated with
 * -a) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * -b) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * +c) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * -d) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * -e) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)

13) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime)+P(even), or the sum of the probability that it is even, plus the probability that it is prime?
 * -a) 1/2
 * -b) 1
 * -c) 3/4
 * +d) 5/4
 * -e) 1/4
 * -f) 0

14) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes in two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other.  The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object has the greater electromagnetic ("photon") energy?
 * +a) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).
 * -b) They have the same energy (since the holes are identical).
 * -c) The larger object has a greater energy.
 * -d) The hotter object has a greater energy.

15) This figure is associated with
 * -a) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * -b) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * -c) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
 * -d) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * +e) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)

16) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power passes the filter?
 * +a) 9mW
 * -b) 3mW
 * -c) 6mW
 * -d) 8mW
 * -e) 4mW

17) The light is linearly polarized, the electric field is oriented ________to the direction of motion
 * -a) parallel
 * +b) perpendicular
 * -c) all of these are possible
 * -d) at 45 degrees

18) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 90 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * -a) 12
 * -b) 22
 * -c) 6
 * +d) 16
 * -e) 8

19) By definition, a skewed distribution
 * -a) is broader than an unskewed distribution
 * -b) includes negative values of the observed variable
 * -c) contains no outliers
 * +d) is asymmetric about it's peak value
 * -e) is a "normal" distribution

20) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(even), or the probability that the number is even?
 * -a) 3/4
 * -b) 5/4
 * -c) 1
 * -d) 1/4
 * -e) 0
 * +f) 1/2

Bell:Bell3:V2
Bell152874216185 1) This figure is associated with
 * a) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
 * b) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * c) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * d) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * e) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.

2) This figure is associated with
 * a) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * b) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * c) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
 * d) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * e) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.

3) If the hypotenuse of a 45&deg;-45&deg; right triangle has a length of $$\sqrt 2$$ what is the length of each side?
 * a) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * b) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * c) $$1$$
 * d) $$2\sqrt 2$$
 * e) $$\sqrt 2$$

4) How would you describe the "skew" of a binary distribution?
 * a) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a small number of trials n.
 * b) The binary distribution is never skewed if it is a true binary distribution.
 * c) Distributions are never skewed. Only experimental measurements of them are skewed.
 * d) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a large number of trials n.
 * e) None of these are true.

5) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 4
 * b) 3
 * c) 5
 * d) 6
 * e) 2

6) By definition, a skewed distribution
 * a) is a "normal" distribution
 * b) includes negative values of the observed variable
 * c) is broader than an unskewed distribution
 * d) contains no outliers
 * e) is asymmetric about it's peak value

7) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(even), or the probability that the number is even?
 * a) 3/4
 * b) 0
 * c) 1/4
 * d) 5/4
 * e) 1/2
 * f) 1

8) Although it decreases the rate at which the partners lose point, increasing the probability of asking the same question is more effective at persuading students to act as particles by relying on the &alpha;-strategy because relying on a larger penalty for giving different answers to the same question will tempt students to use the &beta;-strategy only briefly (hoping never to be caught) and then requesting a break to "re-establish" quantum entanglement.
 * a) True
 * b) False

9) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is both even and prime?
 * a) 0
 * b) 1
 * c) 3/4
 * d) 1/2
 * e) 5/4
 * f) 1/4

10) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 90 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * a) 12
 * b) 16
 * c) 22
 * d) 6
 * e) 8

11) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.  By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 30&deg; to that field?
 * a) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$
 * b) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * c) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * d) $$\tfrac 1 4$$
 * e) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$

12) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes in two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other.  The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object has the greater electromagnetic ("photon") energy?
 * a) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).
 * b) They have the same energy (since the holes are identical).
 * c) The larger object has a greater energy.
 * d) The hotter object has a greater energy.

13) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * a) 12
 * b) 6
 * c) 8
 * d) 22
 * e) 16

14) The light is linearly polarized, the electric field is oriented ________to the direction of motion
 * a) at 45 degrees
 * b) all of these are possible
 * c) parallel
 * d) perpendicular

15) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime)+P(even), or the sum of the probability that it is even, plus the probability that it is prime?
 * a) 1/2
 * b) 1/4
 * c) 5/4
 * d) 0
 * e) 1
 * f) 3/4

16) is it cheating for one of the partners to change mind in after communication ceases?
 * a) It is not cheating, but allowing to partners to do so violates the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.
 * b) It is cheating and the game should be terminated if the partners are caught doing this
 * c) It is cheating, but fortunately the penalty allows partners to do it
 * d) It is not cheating, and allowing to partners to do this is in the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.

17) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power passes the filter?
 * a) 9mW
 * b) 4mW
 * c) 6mW
 * d) 3mW
 * e) 8mW

18) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 4
 * b) 3
 * c) 5
 * d) 1
 * e) 2

19) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the same suit (same questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * a) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * b) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * c) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * d) None of these is correct
 * e) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$

20) A photon is polarized at 10&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 100&deg;. What is the probability that it is blocked?
 * a) 3/4
 * b) 1
 * c) 1/2
 * d) 0
 * e) 1/4

KEY:Bell:Bell3:V2
Bell152874216185 1) This figure is associated with
 * -a) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
 * -b) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * -c) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * -d) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * +e) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.

2) This figure is associated with
 * -a) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * -b) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * -c) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
 * +d) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * -e) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.

3) If the hypotenuse of a 45&deg;-45&deg; right triangle has a length of $$\sqrt 2$$ what is the length of each side?
 * -a) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * -b) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * -c) $$1$$
 * -d) $$2\sqrt 2$$
 * +e) $$\sqrt 2$$

4) How would you describe the "skew" of a binary distribution?
 * -a) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a small number of trials n.
 * -b) The binary distribution is never skewed if it is a true binary distribution.
 * -c) Distributions are never skewed. Only experimental measurements of them are skewed.
 * +d) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a large number of trials n.
 * -e) None of these are true.

5) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * -a) 4
 * -b) 3
 * -c) 5
 * -d) 6
 * +e) 2

6) By definition, a skewed distribution
 * -a) is a "normal" distribution
 * -b) includes negative values of the observed variable
 * -c) is broader than an unskewed distribution
 * -d) contains no outliers
 * +e) is asymmetric about it's peak value

7) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(even), or the probability that the number is even?
 * -a) 3/4
 * -b) 0
 * -c) 1/4
 * -d) 5/4
 * +e) 1/2
 * -f) 1

8) Although it decreases the rate at which the partners lose point, increasing the probability of asking the same question is more effective at persuading students to act as particles by relying on the &alpha;-strategy because relying on a larger penalty for giving different answers to the same question will tempt students to use the &beta;-strategy only briefly (hoping never to be caught) and then requesting a break to "re-establish" quantum entanglement.
 * +a) True
 * -b) False

9) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is both even and prime?
 * -a) 0
 * -b) 1
 * -c) 3/4
 * -d) 1/2
 * -e) 5/4
 * +f) 1/4

10) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 90 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * -a) 12
 * +b) 16
 * -c) 22
 * -d) 6
 * -e) 8

11) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.  By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 30&deg; to that field?
 * +a) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$
 * -b) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * -c) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * -d) $$\tfrac 1 4$$
 * -e) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$

12) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes in two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other.  The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object has the greater electromagnetic ("photon") energy?
 * +a) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).
 * -b) They have the same energy (since the holes are identical).
 * -c) The larger object has a greater energy.
 * -d) The hotter object has a greater energy.

13) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * -a) 12
 * -b) 6
 * +c) 8
 * -d) 22
 * -e) 16

14) The light is linearly polarized, the electric field is oriented ________to the direction of motion
 * -a) at 45 degrees
 * -b) all of these are possible
 * -c) parallel
 * +d) perpendicular

15) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime)+P(even), or the sum of the probability that it is even, plus the probability that it is prime?
 * -a) 1/2
 * -b) 1/4
 * +c) 5/4
 * -d) 0
 * -e) 1
 * -f) 3/4

16) is it cheating for one of the partners to change mind in after communication ceases?
 * -a) It is not cheating, but allowing to partners to do so violates the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.
 * -b) It is cheating and the game should be terminated if the partners are caught doing this
 * -c) It is cheating, but fortunately the penalty allows partners to do it
 * +d) It is not cheating, and allowing to partners to do this is in the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.

17) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power passes the filter?
 * +a) 9mW
 * -b) 4mW
 * -c) 6mW
 * -d) 3mW
 * -e) 8mW

18) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * -a) 4
 * -b) 3
 * -c) 5
 * +d) 1
 * -e) 2

19) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the same suit (same questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * -a) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -b) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -c) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -d) None of these is correct
 * +e) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$

20) A photon is polarized at 10&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 100&deg;. What is the probability that it is blocked?
 * -a) 3/4
 * +b) 1
 * -c) 1/2
 * -d) 0
 * -e) 1/4