Quizbank/Bell/152874216199

Bell152874216199

Bell:Bell1:V0
Bell152874216199 1) Your solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 4&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;, you would__
 * a) be disqualified for cheating
 * b) win 3 points
 * c) lose 1 point
 * d) win 1 point
 * e) lose 3 points

2) Your solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;, you would__
 * a) be disqualified for cheating
 * b) lose 3 points
 * c) win 1 point
 * d) win 3 points
 * e) lose 1 point

3) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average win ___ times.
 * a) 5
 * b) 3
 * c) 6
 * d) 4
 * e) 2

4) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 3
 * b) 2
 * c) 1
 * d) 4
 * e) 5

5) By definition, a skewed distribution
 * a) includes negative values of the observed variable
 * b) is asymmetric about it's peak value
 * c) is broader than an unskewed distribution
 * d) contains no outliers
 * e) is a "normal" distribution

6) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * a) 22
 * b) 6
 * c) 12
 * d) 8
 * e) 16

7) The binomial distribution results from observing n outcomes, each having a probability p of "success"
 * a) True
 * b) False

8) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.
 * a) 9.9
 * b) 1.1
 * c) 3.3
 * d) 2.2

9) The light is linearly polarized, the electric field is oriented ________to the direction of motion
 * a) at 45 degrees
 * b) all of these are possible
 * c) parallel
 * d) perpendicular

10) If the hypotenuse of a 45&deg;-45&deg; right triangle has a length of $$1$$ what is the length of each side?
 * a) $$\sqrt 2$$
 * b) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * c) $$2\sqrt 2$$
 * d) $$1$$
 * e) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$

KEY:Bell:Bell1:V0
Bell152874216199 1) Your solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 4&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;, you would__
 * -a) be disqualified for cheating
 * -b) win 3 points
 * -c) lose 1 point
 * -d) win 1 point
 * +e) lose 3 points

2) Your solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;, you would__
 * -a) be disqualified for cheating
 * -b) lose 3 points
 * +c) win 1 point
 * -d) win 3 points
 * -e) lose 1 point

3) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average win ___ times.
 * -a) 5
 * -b) 3
 * -c) 6
 * +d) 4
 * -e) 2

4) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * -a) 3
 * -b) 2
 * +c) 1
 * -d) 4
 * -e) 5

5) By definition, a skewed distribution
 * -a) includes negative values of the observed variable
 * +b) is asymmetric about it's peak value
 * -c) is broader than an unskewed distribution
 * -d) contains no outliers
 * -e) is a "normal" distribution

6) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * -a) 22
 * -b) 6
 * -c) 12
 * +d) 8
 * -e) 16

7) The binomial distribution results from observing n outcomes, each having a probability p of "success"
 * +a) True
 * -b) False

8) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.
 * +a) 9.9
 * -b) 1.1
 * -c) 3.3
 * -d) 2.2

9) The light is linearly polarized, the electric field is oriented ________to the direction of motion
 * -a) at 45 degrees
 * -b) all of these are possible
 * -c) parallel
 * +d) perpendicular

10) If the hypotenuse of a 45&deg;-45&deg; right triangle has a length of $$1$$ what is the length of each side?
 * -a) $$\sqrt 2$$
 * -b) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * -c) $$2\sqrt 2$$
 * -d) $$1$$
 * +e) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$

Bell:Bell1:V1
Bell152874216199 1) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 1
 * b) 5
 * c) 2
 * d) 3
 * e) 4

2) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average win ___ times.
 * a) 4
 * b) 2
 * c) 3
 * d) 6
 * e) 5

3) By definition, a skewed distribution
 * a) contains no outliers
 * b) includes negative values of the observed variable
 * c) is a "normal" distribution
 * d) is broader than an unskewed distribution
 * e) is asymmetric about it's peak value

4) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.
 * a) 1.1
 * b) 3.3
 * c) 2.2
 * d) 9.9

5) Your solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;, you would__
 * a) lose 1 point
 * b) win 3 points
 * c) be disqualified for cheating
 * d) win 1 point
 * e) lose 3 points

6) Your solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 4&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;, you would__
 * a) be disqualified for cheating
 * b) win 1 point
 * c) lose 3 points
 * d) win 3 points
 * e) lose 1 point

7) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * a) 8
 * b) 22
 * c) 16
 * d) 6
 * e) 12

8) The light is linearly polarized, the electric field is oriented ________to the direction of motion
 * a) parallel
 * b) at 45 degrees
 * c) all of these are possible
 * d) perpendicular

9) If the hypotenuse of a 45&deg;-45&deg; right triangle has a length of $$1$$ what is the length of each side?
 * a) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * b) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * c) $$\sqrt 2$$
 * d) $$1$$
 * e) $$2\sqrt 2$$

10) The binomial distribution results from observing n outcomes, each having a probability p of "success"
 * a) True
 * b) False

KEY:Bell:Bell1:V1
Bell152874216199 1) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * +a) 1
 * -b) 5
 * -c) 2
 * -d) 3
 * -e) 4

2) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average win ___ times.
 * +a) 4
 * -b) 2
 * -c) 3
 * -d) 6
 * -e) 5

3) By definition, a skewed distribution
 * -a) contains no outliers
 * -b) includes negative values of the observed variable
 * -c) is a "normal" distribution
 * -d) is broader than an unskewed distribution
 * +e) is asymmetric about it's peak value

4) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.
 * -a) 1.1
 * -b) 3.3
 * -c) 2.2
 * +d) 9.9

5) Your solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;, you would__
 * -a) lose 1 point
 * -b) win 3 points
 * -c) be disqualified for cheating
 * +d) win 1 point
 * -e) lose 3 points

6) Your solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 4&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;, you would__
 * -a) be disqualified for cheating
 * -b) win 1 point
 * +c) lose 3 points
 * -d) win 3 points
 * -e) lose 1 point

7) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * +a) 8
 * -b) 22
 * -c) 16
 * -d) 6
 * -e) 12

8) The light is linearly polarized, the electric field is oriented ________to the direction of motion
 * -a) parallel
 * -b) at 45 degrees
 * -c) all of these are possible
 * +d) perpendicular

9) If the hypotenuse of a 45&deg;-45&deg; right triangle has a length of $$1$$ what is the length of each side?
 * -a) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * +b) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * -c) $$\sqrt 2$$
 * -d) $$1$$
 * -e) $$2\sqrt 2$$

10) The binomial distribution results from observing n outcomes, each having a probability p of "success"
 * +a) True
 * -b) False

Bell:Bell1:V2
Bell152874216199 1) If the hypotenuse of a 45&deg;-45&deg; right triangle has a length of $$1$$ what is the length of each side?
 * a) $$1$$
 * b) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * c) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * d) $$\sqrt 2$$
 * e) $$2\sqrt 2$$

2) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 4
 * b) 3
 * c) 2
 * d) 5
 * e) 1

3) The binomial distribution results from observing n outcomes, each having a probability p of "success"
 * a) True
 * b) False

4) Your solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 4&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;, you would__
 * a) be disqualified for cheating
 * b) win 3 points
 * c) lose 1 point
 * d) win 1 point
 * e) lose 3 points

5) The light is linearly polarized, the electric field is oriented ________to the direction of motion
 * a) parallel
 * b) all of these are possible
 * c) at 45 degrees
 * d) perpendicular

6) Your solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;, you would__
 * a) lose 3 points
 * b) win 3 points
 * c) win 1 point
 * d) be disqualified for cheating
 * e) lose 1 point

7) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average win ___ times.
 * a) 4
 * b) 2
 * c) 5
 * d) 3
 * e) 6

8) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * a) 16
 * b) 12
 * c) 8
 * d) 22
 * e) 6

9) By definition, a skewed distribution
 * a) contains no outliers
 * b) is a "normal" distribution
 * c) includes negative values of the observed variable
 * d) is broader than an unskewed distribution
 * e) is asymmetric about it's peak value

10) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.
 * a) 3.3
 * b) 2.2
 * c) 9.9
 * d) 1.1

KEY:Bell:Bell1:V2
Bell152874216199 1) If the hypotenuse of a 45&deg;-45&deg; right triangle has a length of $$1$$ what is the length of each side?
 * -a) $$1$$
 * +b) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * -c) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * -d) $$\sqrt 2$$
 * -e) $$2\sqrt 2$$

2) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * -a) 4
 * -b) 3
 * -c) 2
 * -d) 5
 * +e) 1

3) The binomial distribution results from observing n outcomes, each having a probability p of "success"
 * +a) True
 * -b) False

4) Your solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 4&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;, you would__
 * -a) be disqualified for cheating
 * -b) win 3 points
 * -c) lose 1 point
 * -d) win 1 point
 * +e) lose 3 points

5) The light is linearly polarized, the electric field is oriented ________to the direction of motion
 * -a) parallel
 * -b) all of these are possible
 * -c) at 45 degrees
 * +d) perpendicular

6) Your solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;, you would__
 * -a) lose 3 points
 * -b) win 3 points
 * +c) win 1 point
 * -d) be disqualified for cheating
 * -e) lose 1 point

7) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average win ___ times.
 * +a) 4
 * -b) 2
 * -c) 5
 * -d) 3
 * -e) 6

8) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * -a) 16
 * -b) 12
 * +c) 8
 * -d) 22
 * -e) 6

9) By definition, a skewed distribution
 * -a) contains no outliers
 * -b) is a "normal" distribution
 * -c) includes negative values of the observed variable
 * -d) is broader than an unskewed distribution
 * +e) is asymmetric about it's peak value

10) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 90 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.
 * -a) 3.3
 * -b) 2.2
 * +c) 9.9
 * -d) 1.1

Bell:Bell2:V0
Bell152874216199 1) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.  By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 60&deg; to that field?
 * a) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * b) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * c) $$\tfrac 1 4$$
 * d) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * e) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$

2) Suppose referee adopts neutral scoring with Q=4 and asks the same question with a probability PS=0.25. This reduces the average loss rate for their partners for the following reason:  Consider a probability space with
 * a) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
 * b) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning once but losing twice.  On the fourth event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
 * c) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning twice. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
 * d) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning twice but losing once.  On the fourth event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
 * e) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.

3) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with $$Q =\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1-P_S}{P_S}\right).$$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 0?
 * a) $$0$$
 * b) $$\infty$$
 * c) $$4$$
 * d) $$3$$
 * e) $$4/3$$

4) is it cheating for one of the partners to change mind in after communication ceases?
 * a) It is cheating, but fortunately the penalty allows partners to do it
 * b) It is not cheating, but allowing to partners to do so violates the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.
 * c) It is not cheating, and allowing to partners to do this is in the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.
 * d) It is cheating and the game should be terminated if the partners are caught doing this

5) This figure is associated with
 * a) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * b) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
 * c) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * d) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * e) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)

6) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes in two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other.  The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object has the greater electromagnetic ("photon") energy density (energy per unit volume)?
 * a) The hotter object has a greater energy density.
 * b) The larger object has a greater energy density.
 * c) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).
 * d) They have the same energy density (since the holes are identical).

7) If an atom absorbs a photon with 2 eV energy, the atom's energy
 * a) decreases by 4 eV
 * b) stays the same
 * c) increases by 2 eV
 * d) decreases by 2 eV
 * e) increases by 4 eV

8) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 5/6
 * b) 3/4
 * c) 2/4=1/2
 * d) 3/5
 * e) 2/5

9) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is either even or prime?
 * a) 1/2
 * b) 0
 * c) 1
 * d) 1/4
 * e) 3/4
 * f) 5/4

10) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 3/5
 * b) 2/5
 * c) 5/6
 * d) 3/4
 * e) 2/4=1/2

KEY:Bell:Bell2:V0
Bell152874216199 1) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.  By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 60&deg; to that field?
 * -a) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * +b) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * -c) $$\tfrac 1 4$$
 * -d) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * -e) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$

2) Suppose referee adopts neutral scoring with Q=4 and asks the same question with a probability PS=0.25. This reduces the average loss rate for their partners for the following reason:  Consider a probability space with
 * -a) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
 * -b) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning once but losing twice.  On the fourth event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
 * -c) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning twice. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
 * +d) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning twice but losing once.  On the fourth event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
 * -e) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.

3) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with $$Q =\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1-P_S}{P_S}\right).$$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 0?
 * -a) $$0$$
 * +b) $$\infty$$
 * -c) $$4$$
 * -d) $$3$$
 * -e) $$4/3$$

4) is it cheating for one of the partners to change mind in after communication ceases?
 * -a) It is cheating, but fortunately the penalty allows partners to do it
 * -b) It is not cheating, but allowing to partners to do so violates the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.
 * +c) It is not cheating, and allowing to partners to do this is in the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.
 * -d) It is cheating and the game should be terminated if the partners are caught doing this

5) This figure is associated with
 * -a) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * -b) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
 * +c) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * -d) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * -e) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)

6) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes in two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other.  The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object has the greater electromagnetic ("photon") energy density (energy per unit volume)?
 * +a) The hotter object has a greater energy density.
 * -b) The larger object has a greater energy density.
 * -c) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).
 * -d) They have the same energy density (since the holes are identical).

7) If an atom absorbs a photon with 2 eV energy, the atom's energy
 * -a) decreases by 4 eV
 * -b) stays the same
 * +c) increases by 2 eV
 * -d) decreases by 2 eV
 * -e) increases by 4 eV

8) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) 5/6
 * -b) 3/4
 * -c) 2/4=1/2
 * +d) 3/5
 * -e) 2/5

9) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is either even or prime?
 * -a) 1/2
 * -b) 0
 * +c) 1
 * -d) 1/4
 * -e) 3/4
 * -f) 5/4

10) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) 3/5
 * +b) 2/5
 * -c) 5/6
 * -d) 3/4
 * -e) 2/4=1/2

Bell:Bell2:V1
Bell152874216199 1) This figure is associated with
 * a) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
 * b) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * c) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * d) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * e) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.

2) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is either even or prime?
 * a) 1
 * b) 1/2
 * c) 0
 * d) 5/4
 * e) 3/4
 * f) 1/4

3) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with $$Q =\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1-P_S}{P_S}\right).$$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 0?
 * a) $$4/3$$
 * b) $$3$$
 * c) $$\infty$$
 * d) $$4$$
 * e) $$0$$

4) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes in two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other.  The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object has the greater electromagnetic ("photon") energy density (energy per unit volume)?
 * a) The larger object has a greater energy density.
 * b) They have the same energy density (since the holes are identical).
 * c) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).
 * d) The hotter object has a greater energy density.

5) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.  By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 60&deg; to that field?
 * a) $$\tfrac 1 4$$
 * b) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$
 * c) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * d) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * e) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$

6) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 2/5
 * b) 3/4
 * c) 3/5
 * d) 5/6
 * e) 2/4=1/2

7) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 3/4
 * b) 3/5
 * c) 5/6
 * d) 2/4=1/2
 * e) 2/5

8) If an atom absorbs a photon with 2 eV energy, the atom's energy
 * a) decreases by 2 eV
 * b) stays the same
 * c) increases by 2 eV
 * d) increases by 4 eV
 * e) decreases by 4 eV

9) Suppose referee adopts neutral scoring with Q=4 and asks the same question with a probability PS=0.25. This reduces the average loss rate for their partners for the following reason:  Consider a probability space with
 * a) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning once but losing twice.  On the fourth event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
 * b) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning twice. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
 * c) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning twice but losing once.  On the fourth event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
 * d) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
 * e) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.

10) is it cheating for one of the partners to change mind in after communication ceases?
 * a) It is not cheating, but allowing to partners to do so violates the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.
 * b) It is cheating and the game should be terminated if the partners are caught doing this
 * c) It is cheating, but fortunately the penalty allows partners to do it
 * d) It is not cheating, and allowing to partners to do this is in the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.

KEY:Bell:Bell2:V1
Bell152874216199 1) This figure is associated with
 * -a) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
 * -b) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * +c) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * -d) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * -e) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.

2) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is either even or prime?
 * +a) 1
 * -b) 1/2
 * -c) 0
 * -d) 5/4
 * -e) 3/4
 * -f) 1/4

3) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with $$Q =\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1-P_S}{P_S}\right).$$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 0?
 * -a) $$4/3$$
 * -b) $$3$$
 * +c) $$\infty$$
 * -d) $$4$$
 * -e) $$0$$

4) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes in two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other.  The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object has the greater electromagnetic ("photon") energy density (energy per unit volume)?
 * -a) The larger object has a greater energy density.
 * -b) They have the same energy density (since the holes are identical).
 * -c) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).
 * +d) The hotter object has a greater energy density.

5) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.  By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 60&deg; to that field?
 * -a) $$\tfrac 1 4$$
 * -b) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$
 * +c) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * -d) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * -e) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$

6) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * +a) 2/5
 * -b) 3/4
 * -c) 3/5
 * -d) 5/6
 * -e) 2/4=1/2

7) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) 3/4
 * +b) 3/5
 * -c) 5/6
 * -d) 2/4=1/2
 * -e) 2/5

8) If an atom absorbs a photon with 2 eV energy, the atom's energy
 * -a) decreases by 2 eV
 * -b) stays the same
 * +c) increases by 2 eV
 * -d) increases by 4 eV
 * -e) decreases by 4 eV

9) Suppose referee adopts neutral scoring with Q=4 and asks the same question with a probability PS=0.25. This reduces the average loss rate for their partners for the following reason:  Consider a probability space with
 * -a) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning once but losing twice.  On the fourth event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
 * -b) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning twice. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
 * +c) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning twice but losing once.  On the fourth event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
 * -d) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
 * -e) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.

10) is it cheating for one of the partners to change mind in after communication ceases?
 * -a) It is not cheating, but allowing to partners to do so violates the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.
 * -b) It is cheating and the game should be terminated if the partners are caught doing this
 * -c) It is cheating, but fortunately the penalty allows partners to do it
 * +d) It is not cheating, and allowing to partners to do this is in the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.

Bell:Bell2:V2
Bell152874216199 1) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 3/5
 * b) 2/4=1/2
 * c) 3/4
 * d) 2/5
 * e) 5/6

2) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.  By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 60&deg; to that field?
 * a) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * b) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * c) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$
 * d) $$\tfrac 1 4$$
 * e) $$\tfrac 1 2$$

3) Suppose referee adopts neutral scoring with Q=4 and asks the same question with a probability PS=0.25. This reduces the average loss rate for their partners for the following reason:  Consider a probability space with
 * a) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
 * b) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
 * c) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning twice. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
 * d) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning twice but losing once.  On the fourth event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
 * e) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning once but losing twice.  On the fourth event they are given the same answer and lose a point.

4) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with $$Q =\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1-P_S}{P_S}\right).$$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 0?
 * a) $$4/3$$
 * b) $$\infty$$
 * c) $$0$$
 * d) $$3$$
 * e) $$4$$

5) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 3/4
 * b) 2/5
 * c) 3/5
 * d) 2/4=1/2
 * e) 5/6

6) If an atom absorbs a photon with 2 eV energy, the atom's energy
 * a) increases by 2 eV
 * b) decreases by 2 eV
 * c) decreases by 4 eV
 * d) stays the same
 * e) increases by 4 eV

7) This figure is associated with
 * a) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * b) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * c) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * d) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * e) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)

8) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes in two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other.  The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object has the greater electromagnetic ("photon") energy density (energy per unit volume)?
 * a) The larger object has a greater energy density.
 * b) They have the same energy density (since the holes are identical).
 * c) The hotter object has a greater energy density.
 * d) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).

9) is it cheating for one of the partners to change mind in after communication ceases?
 * a) It is cheating, but fortunately the penalty allows partners to do it
 * b) It is not cheating, and allowing to partners to do this is in the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.
 * c) It is not cheating, but allowing to partners to do so violates the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.
 * d) It is cheating and the game should be terminated if the partners are caught doing this

10) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is either even or prime?
 * a) 5/4
 * b) 1/2
 * c) 1
 * d) 1/4
 * e) 3/4
 * f) 0

KEY:Bell:Bell2:V2
Bell152874216199 1) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) 3/5
 * -b) 2/4=1/2
 * -c) 3/4
 * +d) 2/5
 * -e) 5/6

2) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.  By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 60&deg; to that field?
 * -a) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * -b) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * -c) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$
 * -d) $$\tfrac 1 4$$
 * +e) $$\tfrac 1 2$$

3) Suppose referee adopts neutral scoring with Q=4 and asks the same question with a probability PS=0.25. This reduces the average loss rate for their partners for the following reason:  Consider a probability space with
 * -a) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
 * -b) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning once and losing once. On the third event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
 * -c) 3 equally probable events: On two they are given different questions, winning twice. On the third event they are given the same answer and lose a point.
 * +d) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning twice but losing once.  On the fourth event they are given the same answer and neither gain nor lose a point.
 * -e) 4 equally probable events: On three they are given different questions, winning once but losing twice.  On the fourth event they are given the same answer and lose a point.

4) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with $$Q =\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1-P_S}{P_S}\right).$$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 0?
 * -a) $$4/3$$
 * +b) $$\infty$$
 * -c) $$0$$
 * -d) $$3$$
 * -e) $$4$$

5) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) 3/4
 * -b) 2/5
 * +c) 3/5
 * -d) 2/4=1/2
 * -e) 5/6

6) If an atom absorbs a photon with 2 eV energy, the atom's energy
 * +a) increases by 2 eV
 * -b) decreases by 2 eV
 * -c) decreases by 4 eV
 * -d) stays the same
 * -e) increases by 4 eV

7) This figure is associated with
 * +a) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * -b) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * -c) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * -d) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * -e) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)

8) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes in two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other.  The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object has the greater electromagnetic ("photon") energy density (energy per unit volume)?
 * -a) The larger object has a greater energy density.
 * -b) They have the same energy density (since the holes are identical).
 * +c) The hotter object has a greater energy density.
 * -d) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).

9) is it cheating for one of the partners to change mind in after communication ceases?
 * -a) It is cheating, but fortunately the penalty allows partners to do it
 * +b) It is not cheating, and allowing to partners to do this is in the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.
 * -c) It is not cheating, but allowing to partners to do so violates the spirit of the game as a Bell's test experiment simulation.
 * -d) It is cheating and the game should be terminated if the partners are caught doing this

10) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is either even or prime?
 * -a) 5/4
 * -b) 1/2
 * +c) 1
 * -d) 1/4
 * -e) 3/4
 * -f) 0

Bell:Bell3:V0
Bell152874216199 1) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 2
 * b) 4
 * c) 3
 * d) 5
 * e) 1

2) You solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;.  Which of the following loses?
 * a) K&spades; and K&clubs;
 * b) K and K&spades;
 * c) K and K&clubs;
 * d) two of these are true
 * e) none of these are true

3) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 40 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.
 * a) 9.9
 * b) 1.1
 * c) 2.2
 * d) 4.4
 * e) 3.3

4) How would you describe the "skew" of a binary distribution?
 * a) None of these are true.
 * b) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a small number of trials n.
 * c) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a large number of trials n.
 * d) Distributions are never skewed. Only experimental measurements of them are skewed.
 * e) The binary distribution is never skewed if it is a true binary distribution.

5) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * a) 16
 * b) 8
 * c) 12
 * d) 22
 * e) 6

6) A local college averages 2500 new incoming students each year. Suppose the pool of potential high school graduates in the local area is so large that the probability of a given student selecting this college is small, and assume a variance of &sigma;2 equal to p(1-p).  What standard deviation would you expect in the yearly total of new enrollees, assuming nothing changes in this population from year to year?
 * a) 500
 * b) 150
 * c) 250
 * d) 200
 * e) 50

7) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters. The second is oriented 30&deg; from the first, and the third is rotated by an additional 60&deg;, making it at right angles from the first filter.  What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
 * a) 1/16
 * b) 1/8
 * c) 1/32
 * d) 3/16
 * e) 3/32

8) If the hypotenuse of a 60&deg;-30&deg; right triangle has a length of 1 what is the length of the longer side?
 * a) $$ \tfrac 1 4$$
 * b) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * c) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * d) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * e) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$

9) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power is blocked by the filter?
 * a) 9mW
 * b) 4mW
 * c) 6mW
 * d) 3mW
 * e) 8mW

10) A mathematically pure (strictly monochromatic) __________ wave (oscillation) that is unpolarized cannot be created
 * a) electromagnetic or pendulum
 * b) both can be created
 * c) pendulum
 * d) electromagnetic

11) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the same suit (same questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * a) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * b) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * c) None of these is correct
 * d) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * e) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$

12) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the different suit (different questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * a) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * b) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * c) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * d) None of these is correct
 * e) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$

13) Although it decreases the rate at which the partners lose point, increasing the probability of asking the same question is more effective at persuading students to act as particles by relying on the &alpha;-strategy because relying on a larger penalty for giving different answers to the same question will tempt students to use the &beta;-strategy only briefly (hoping never to be caught) and then requesting a break to "re-establish" quantum entanglement.
 * a) True
 * b) False

14) This figure is associated with
 * a) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * b) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * c) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * d) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * e) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)

15) A photon is polarized at 5&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 35&deg;. What is the probability that it passes?
 * a) 1
 * b) 3/4
 * c) 1/4
 * d) 0
 * e) 1/2

16) If 1018 photons pass through a small hole in your roof every second, how many photons would pass through it if you doubled the diameter?
 * a) 4x1018
 * b) 2x1018
 * c) 1018
 * d) 8x1018
 * e) 6x1018

17) This figure is associated with
 * a) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
 * b) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * c) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * d) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * e) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)

18) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 2/5
 * b) 3/5
 * c) 5/6
 * d) 3/4
 * e) 2/4=1/2

19) Calculate the probability P(&spades;,)+P(&spades;,)+P = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 5/6
 * b) 7/5
 * c) 6/5
 * d) 5/4
 * e) 4/5

20) Calculate the quantum correlation: C(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) +2/5
 * b) &minus;2/5
 * c) &minus;1/5
 * d) +1/5
 * e) +1
 * f) 0

KEY:Bell:Bell3:V0
Bell152874216199 1) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * -a) 2
 * -b) 4
 * -c) 3
 * -d) 5
 * +e) 1

2) You solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;.  Which of the following loses?
 * -a) K&spades; and K&clubs;
 * -b) K and K&spades;
 * +c) K and K&clubs;
 * -d) two of these are true
 * -e) none of these are true

3) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 40 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.
 * -a) 9.9
 * -b) 1.1
 * -c) 2.2
 * +d) 4.4
 * -e) 3.3

4) How would you describe the "skew" of a binary distribution?
 * -a) None of these are true.
 * -b) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a small number of trials n.
 * +c) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a large number of trials n.
 * -d) Distributions are never skewed. Only experimental measurements of them are skewed.
 * -e) The binary distribution is never skewed if it is a true binary distribution.

5) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * -a) 16
 * +b) 8
 * -c) 12
 * -d) 22
 * -e) 6

6) A local college averages 2500 new incoming students each year. Suppose the pool of potential high school graduates in the local area is so large that the probability of a given student selecting this college is small, and assume a variance of &sigma;2 equal to p(1-p).  What standard deviation would you expect in the yearly total of new enrollees, assuming nothing changes in this population from year to year?
 * -a) 500
 * -b) 150
 * -c) 250
 * -d) 200
 * +e) 50

7) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters. The second is oriented 30&deg; from the first, and the third is rotated by an additional 60&deg;, making it at right angles from the first filter.  What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
 * -a) 1/16
 * -b) 1/8
 * -c) 1/32
 * -d) 3/16
 * +e) 3/32

8) If the hypotenuse of a 60&deg;-30&deg; right triangle has a length of 1 what is the length of the longer side?
 * -a) $$ \tfrac 1 4$$
 * -b) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * -c) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * -d) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * +e) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$

9) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power is blocked by the filter?
 * -a) 9mW
 * -b) 4mW
 * -c) 6mW
 * +d) 3mW
 * -e) 8mW

10) A mathematically pure (strictly monochromatic) __________ wave (oscillation) that is unpolarized cannot be created
 * +a) electromagnetic or pendulum
 * -b) both can be created
 * -c) pendulum
 * -d) electromagnetic

11) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the same suit (same questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * -a) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * +b) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -c) None of these is correct
 * -d) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -e) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$

12) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the different suit (different questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * +a) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -b) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -c) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -d) None of these is correct
 * -e) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$

13) Although it decreases the rate at which the partners lose point, increasing the probability of asking the same question is more effective at persuading students to act as particles by relying on the &alpha;-strategy because relying on a larger penalty for giving different answers to the same question will tempt students to use the &beta;-strategy only briefly (hoping never to be caught) and then requesting a break to "re-establish" quantum entanglement.
 * +a) True
 * -b) False

14) This figure is associated with
 * -a) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * -b) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * -c) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * +d) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * -e) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)

15) A photon is polarized at 5&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 35&deg;. What is the probability that it passes?
 * -a) 1
 * +b) 3/4
 * -c) 1/4
 * -d) 0
 * -e) 1/2

16) If 1018 photons pass through a small hole in your roof every second, how many photons would pass through it if you doubled the diameter?
 * +a) 4x1018
 * -b) 2x1018
 * -c) 1018
 * -d) 8x1018
 * -e) 6x1018

17) This figure is associated with
 * -a) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
 * -b) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * -c) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * -d) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * +e) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)

18) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * +a) 2/5
 * -b) 3/5
 * -c) 5/6
 * -d) 3/4
 * -e) 2/4=1/2

19) Calculate the probability P(&spades;,)+P(&spades;,)+P = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) 5/6
 * +b) 7/5
 * -c) 6/5
 * -d) 5/4
 * -e) 4/5

20) Calculate the quantum correlation: C(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) +2/5
 * -b) &minus;2/5
 * -c) &minus;1/5
 * +d) +1/5
 * -e) +1
 * -f) 0

Bell:Bell3:V1
Bell152874216199 1) A photon is polarized at 5&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 35&deg;. What is the probability that it passes?
 * a) 0
 * b) 1
 * c) 3/4
 * d) 1/2
 * e) 1/4

2) A mathematically pure (strictly monochromatic) __________ wave (oscillation) that is unpolarized cannot be created
 * a) pendulum
 * b) electromagnetic or pendulum
 * c) both can be created
 * d) electromagnetic

3) How would you describe the "skew" of a binary distribution?
 * a) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a large number of trials n.
 * b) Distributions are never skewed. Only experimental measurements of them are skewed.
 * c) None of these are true.
 * d) The binary distribution is never skewed if it is a true binary distribution.
 * e) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a small number of trials n.

4) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters. The second is oriented 30&deg; from the first, and the third is rotated by an additional 60&deg;, making it at right angles from the first filter.  What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
 * a) 1/32
 * b) 3/16
 * c) 3/32
 * d) 1/16
 * e) 1/8

5) If 1018 photons pass through a small hole in your roof every second, how many photons would pass through it if you doubled the diameter?
 * a) 6x1018
 * b) 2x1018
 * c) 8x1018
 * d) 1018
 * e) 4x1018

6) A local college averages 2500 new incoming students each year. Suppose the pool of potential high school graduates in the local area is so large that the probability of a given student selecting this college is small, and assume a variance of &sigma;2 equal to p(1-p).  What standard deviation would you expect in the yearly total of new enrollees, assuming nothing changes in this population from year to year?
 * a) 150
 * b) 50
 * c) 250
 * d) 500
 * e) 200

7) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the same suit (same questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * a) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * b) None of these is correct
 * c) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * d) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * e) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$

8) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 40 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.
 * a) 3.3
 * b) 9.9
 * c) 4.4
 * d) 2.2
 * e) 1.1

9) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 3
 * b) 1
 * c) 2
 * d) 5
 * e) 4

10) Although it decreases the rate at which the partners lose point, increasing the probability of asking the same question is more effective at persuading students to act as particles by relying on the &alpha;-strategy because relying on a larger penalty for giving different answers to the same question will tempt students to use the &beta;-strategy only briefly (hoping never to be caught) and then requesting a break to "re-establish" quantum entanglement.
 * a) True
 * b) False

11) You solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;.  Which of the following loses?
 * a) K and K&clubs;
 * b) two of these are true
 * c) none of these are true
 * d) K&spades; and K&clubs;
 * e) K and K&spades;

12) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the different suit (different questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * a) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * b) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * c) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * d) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * e) None of these is correct

13) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power is blocked by the filter?
 * a) 3mW
 * b) 4mW
 * c) 8mW
 * d) 6mW
 * e) 9mW

14) This figure is associated with
 * a) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * b) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * c) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * d) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * e) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)

15) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 2/4=1/2
 * b) 5/6
 * c) 3/4
 * d) 2/5
 * e) 3/5

16) This figure is associated with
 * a) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * b) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * c) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * d) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
 * e) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)

17) Calculate the probability P(&spades;,)+P(&spades;,)+P = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 5/6
 * b) 5/4
 * c) 6/5
 * d) 7/5
 * e) 4/5

18) Calculate the quantum correlation: C(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) +1
 * b) &minus;1/5
 * c) +1/5
 * d) +2/5
 * e) &minus;2/5
 * f) 0

19) If the hypotenuse of a 60&deg;-30&deg; right triangle has a length of 1 what is the length of the longer side?
 * a) $$ \tfrac 1 4$$
 * b) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * c) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * d) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * e) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$

20) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * a) 16
 * b) 6
 * c) 12
 * d) 22
 * e) 8

KEY:Bell:Bell3:V1
Bell152874216199 1) A photon is polarized at 5&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 35&deg;. What is the probability that it passes?
 * -a) 0
 * -b) 1
 * +c) 3/4
 * -d) 1/2
 * -e) 1/4

2) A mathematically pure (strictly monochromatic) __________ wave (oscillation) that is unpolarized cannot be created
 * -a) pendulum
 * +b) electromagnetic or pendulum
 * -c) both can be created
 * -d) electromagnetic

3) How would you describe the "skew" of a binary distribution?
 * +a) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a large number of trials n.
 * -b) Distributions are never skewed. Only experimental measurements of them are skewed.
 * -c) None of these are true.
 * -d) The binary distribution is never skewed if it is a true binary distribution.
 * -e) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a small number of trials n.

4) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters. The second is oriented 30&deg; from the first, and the third is rotated by an additional 60&deg;, making it at right angles from the first filter.  What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
 * -a) 1/32
 * -b) 3/16
 * +c) 3/32
 * -d) 1/16
 * -e) 1/8

5) If 1018 photons pass through a small hole in your roof every second, how many photons would pass through it if you doubled the diameter?
 * -a) 6x1018
 * -b) 2x1018
 * -c) 8x1018
 * -d) 1018
 * +e) 4x1018

6) A local college averages 2500 new incoming students each year. Suppose the pool of potential high school graduates in the local area is so large that the probability of a given student selecting this college is small, and assume a variance of &sigma;2 equal to p(1-p).  What standard deviation would you expect in the yearly total of new enrollees, assuming nothing changes in this population from year to year?
 * -a) 150
 * +b) 50
 * -c) 250
 * -d) 500
 * -e) 200

7) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the same suit (same questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * -a) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -b) None of these is correct
 * +c) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -d) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -e) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$

8) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 40 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.
 * -a) 3.3
 * -b) 9.9
 * +c) 4.4
 * -d) 2.2
 * -e) 1.1

9) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * -a) 3
 * +b) 1
 * -c) 2
 * -d) 5
 * -e) 4

10) Although it decreases the rate at which the partners lose point, increasing the probability of asking the same question is more effective at persuading students to act as particles by relying on the &alpha;-strategy because relying on a larger penalty for giving different answers to the same question will tempt students to use the &beta;-strategy only briefly (hoping never to be caught) and then requesting a break to "re-establish" quantum entanglement.
 * +a) True
 * -b) False

11) You solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;.  Which of the following loses?
 * +a) K and K&clubs;
 * -b) two of these are true
 * -c) none of these are true
 * -d) K&spades; and K&clubs;
 * -e) K and K&spades;

12) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the different suit (different questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * +a) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -b) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -c) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -d) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -e) None of these is correct

13) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power is blocked by the filter?
 * +a) 3mW
 * -b) 4mW
 * -c) 8mW
 * -d) 6mW
 * -e) 9mW

14) This figure is associated with
 * -a) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * -b) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * -c) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * +d) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * -e) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)

15) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) 2/4=1/2
 * -b) 5/6
 * -c) 3/4
 * +d) 2/5
 * -e) 3/5

16) This figure is associated with
 * -a) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * -b) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * +c) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * -d) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
 * -e) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)

17) Calculate the probability P(&spades;,)+P(&spades;,)+P = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) 5/6
 * -b) 5/4
 * -c) 6/5
 * +d) 7/5
 * -e) 4/5

18) Calculate the quantum correlation: C(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) +1
 * -b) &minus;1/5
 * +c) +1/5
 * -d) +2/5
 * -e) &minus;2/5
 * -f) 0

19) If the hypotenuse of a 60&deg;-30&deg; right triangle has a length of 1 what is the length of the longer side?
 * -a) $$ \tfrac 1 4$$
 * -b) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * -c) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * -d) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * +e) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$

20) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * -a) 16
 * -b) 6
 * -c) 12
 * -d) 22
 * +e) 8

Bell:Bell3:V2
Bell152874216199 1) How would you describe the "skew" of a binary distribution?
 * a) The binary distribution is never skewed if it is a true binary distribution.
 * b) Distributions are never skewed. Only experimental measurements of them are skewed.
 * c) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a large number of trials n.
 * d) None of these are true.
 * e) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a small number of trials n.

2) A mathematically pure (strictly monochromatic) __________ wave (oscillation) that is unpolarized cannot be created
 * a) pendulum
 * b) electromagnetic or pendulum
 * c) both can be created
 * d) electromagnetic

3) You solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;.  Which of the following loses?
 * a) K and K&clubs;
 * b) two of these are true
 * c) K&spades; and K&clubs;
 * d) K and K&spades;
 * e) none of these are true

4) A photon is polarized at 5&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 35&deg;. What is the probability that it passes?
 * a) 1
 * b) 0
 * c) 1/2
 * d) 1/4
 * e) 3/4

5) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the same suit (same questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * a) None of these is correct
 * b) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * c) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * d) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * e) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$

6) This figure is associated with
 * a) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
 * b) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * c) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * d) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * e) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)

7) Although it decreases the rate at which the partners lose point, increasing the probability of asking the same question is more effective at persuading students to act as particles by relying on the &alpha;-strategy because relying on a larger penalty for giving different answers to the same question will tempt students to use the &beta;-strategy only briefly (hoping never to be caught) and then requesting a break to "re-establish" quantum entanglement.
 * a) True
 * b) False

8) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 4
 * b) 5
 * c) 1
 * d) 3
 * e) 2

9) If 1018 photons pass through a small hole in your roof every second, how many photons would pass through it if you doubled the diameter?
 * a) 1018
 * b) 2x1018
 * c) 4x1018
 * d) 8x1018
 * e) 6x1018

10) If the hypotenuse of a 60&deg;-30&deg; right triangle has a length of 1 what is the length of the longer side?
 * a) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * b) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$
 * c) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * d) $$ \tfrac 1 4$$
 * e) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$

11) Calculate the probability P(&spades;,)+P(&spades;,)+P = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 5/4
 * b) 4/5
 * c) 5/6
 * d) 7/5
 * e) 6/5

12) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power is blocked by the filter?
 * a) 8mW
 * b) 9mW
 * c) 3mW
 * d) 4mW
 * e) 6mW

13) Calculate the quantum correlation: C(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 0
 * b) +2/5
 * c) +1
 * d) +1/5
 * e) &minus;2/5
 * f) &minus;1/5

14) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 40 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.
 * a) 9.9
 * b) 4.4
 * c) 3.3
 * d) 2.2
 * e) 1.1

15) A local college averages 2500 new incoming students each year. Suppose the pool of potential high school graduates in the local area is so large that the probability of a given student selecting this college is small, and assume a variance of &sigma;2 equal to p(1-p).  What standard deviation would you expect in the yearly total of new enrollees, assuming nothing changes in this population from year to year?
 * a) 250
 * b) 150
 * c) 200
 * d) 50
 * e) 500

16) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * a) 22
 * b) 12
 * c) 16
 * d) 8
 * e) 6

17) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters. The second is oriented 30&deg; from the first, and the third is rotated by an additional 60&deg;, making it at right angles from the first filter.  What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
 * a) 1/8
 * b) 3/32
 * c) 1/16
 * d) 3/16
 * e) 1/32

18) This figure is associated with
 * a) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * b) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * c) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
 * d) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * e) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)

19) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the different suit (different questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * a) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * b) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * c) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * d) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * e) None of these is correct

20) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 2/5
 * b) 5/6
 * c) 3/4
 * d) 3/5
 * e) 2/4=1/2

KEY:Bell:Bell3:V2
Bell152874216199 1) How would you describe the "skew" of a binary distribution?
 * -a) The binary distribution is never skewed if it is a true binary distribution.
 * -b) Distributions are never skewed. Only experimental measurements of them are skewed.
 * +c) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a large number of trials n.
 * -d) None of these are true.
 * -e) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a small number of trials n.

2) A mathematically pure (strictly monochromatic) __________ wave (oscillation) that is unpolarized cannot be created
 * -a) pendulum
 * +b) electromagnetic or pendulum
 * -c) both can be created
 * -d) electromagnetic

3) You solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;.  Which of the following loses?
 * +a) K and K&clubs;
 * -b) two of these are true
 * -c) K&spades; and K&clubs;
 * -d) K and K&spades;
 * -e) none of these are true

4) A photon is polarized at 5&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 35&deg;. What is the probability that it passes?
 * -a) 1
 * -b) 0
 * -c) 1/2
 * -d) 1/4
 * +e) 3/4

5) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the same suit (same questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * -a) None of these is correct
 * +b) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -c) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -d) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -e) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$

6) This figure is associated with
 * -a) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
 * -b) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * -c) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * -d) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * +e) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)

7) Although it decreases the rate at which the partners lose point, increasing the probability of asking the same question is more effective at persuading students to act as particles by relying on the &alpha;-strategy because relying on a larger penalty for giving different answers to the same question will tempt students to use the &beta;-strategy only briefly (hoping never to be caught) and then requesting a break to "re-establish" quantum entanglement.
 * +a) True
 * -b) False

8) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * -a) 4
 * -b) 5
 * +c) 1
 * -d) 3
 * -e) 2

9) If 1018 photons pass through a small hole in your roof every second, how many photons would pass through it if you doubled the diameter?
 * -a) 1018
 * -b) 2x1018
 * +c) 4x1018
 * -d) 8x1018
 * -e) 6x1018

10) If the hypotenuse of a 60&deg;-30&deg; right triangle has a length of 1 what is the length of the longer side?
 * -a) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * +b) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$
 * -c) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * -d) $$ \tfrac 1 4$$
 * -e) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$

11) Calculate the probability P(&spades;,)+P(&spades;,)+P = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) 5/4
 * -b) 4/5
 * -c) 5/6
 * +d) 7/5
 * -e) 6/5

12) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 30&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power is blocked by the filter?
 * -a) 8mW
 * -b) 9mW
 * +c) 3mW
 * -d) 4mW
 * -e) 6mW

13) Calculate the quantum correlation: C(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) 0
 * -b) +2/5
 * -c) +1
 * +d) +1/5
 * -e) &minus;2/5
 * -f) &minus;1/5

14) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 40 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.
 * -a) 9.9
 * +b) 4.4
 * -c) 3.3
 * -d) 2.2
 * -e) 1.1

15) A local college averages 2500 new incoming students each year. Suppose the pool of potential high school graduates in the local area is so large that the probability of a given student selecting this college is small, and assume a variance of &sigma;2 equal to p(1-p).  What standard deviation would you expect in the yearly total of new enrollees, assuming nothing changes in this population from year to year?
 * -a) 250
 * -b) 150
 * -c) 200
 * +d) 50
 * -e) 500

16) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * -a) 22
 * -b) 12
 * -c) 16
 * +d) 8
 * -e) 6

17) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters. The second is oriented 30&deg; from the first, and the third is rotated by an additional 60&deg;, making it at right angles from the first filter.  What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
 * -a) 1/8
 * +b) 3/32
 * -c) 1/16
 * -d) 3/16
 * -e) 1/32

18) This figure is associated with
 * +a) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * -b) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * -c) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf (except that Plank assumed that the walls were conductive.)
 * -d) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * -e) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)

19) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the different suit (different questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * -a) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * +b) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -c) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -d) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -e) None of these is correct

20) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * +a) 2/5
 * -b) 5/6
 * -c) 3/4
 * -d) 3/5
 * -e) 2/4=1/2