Quizbank/Bell/152874216210

Bell152874216210

Bell:Bell1:V0
Bell152874216210 1) You solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;.  Which of the following wins?
 * a) K and K&spades;
 * b) K&spades; and K&clubs;
 * c) none of these are true
 * d) K and K&clubs;
 * e) two of these are true

2) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 2
 * b) 3
 * c) 4
 * d) 1
 * e) 5

3) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 3
 * b) 4
 * c) 5
 * d) 2
 * e) 6

4) Your solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;, you would__
 * a) win 3 points
 * b) be disqualified for cheating
 * c) win 1 point
 * d) lose 3 points
 * e) lose 1 point

5) How would you describe the "skew" of a binary distribution?
 * a) Distributions are never skewed. Only experimental measurements of them are skewed.
 * b) None of these are true.
 * c) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a small number of trials n.
 * d) The binary distribution is never skewed if it is a true binary distribution.
 * e) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a large number of trials n.

6) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as "two"?
 * a) 5/6
 * b) 3/6
 * c) 2/6
 * d) 1/6
 * e) 4/6

7) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * a) 16
 * b) 22
 * c) 12
 * d) 8
 * e) 6

8) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 40 trials are observed, then 68% of the time the observed number of positive outcomes will fall within &plusmn;___ of the expected value if p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution).
 * a) 6
 * b) 3
 * c) 18
 * d) 2
 * e) 9

9) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 45&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power is passed by the filter?
 * a) 4mW
 * b) 9mW
 * c) 6mW
 * d) 8mW
 * e) 3mW

10) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters, each oriented 45&deg; to the  previous, as shown.  What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
 * a) 1/8
 * b) 3/16
 * c) 1/32
 * d) 1/16
 * e) 3/32

KEY:Bell:Bell1:V0
Bell152874216210 1) You solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;.  Which of the following wins?
 * -a) K and K&spades;
 * -b) K&spades; and K&clubs;
 * -c) none of these are true
 * -d) K and K&clubs;
 * +e) two of these are true

2) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * -a) 2
 * -b) 3
 * -c) 4
 * +d) 1
 * -e) 5

3) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * -a) 3
 * -b) 4
 * -c) 5
 * +d) 2
 * -e) 6

4) Your solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;, you would__
 * -a) win 3 points
 * -b) be disqualified for cheating
 * +c) win 1 point
 * -d) lose 3 points
 * -e) lose 1 point

5) How would you describe the "skew" of a binary distribution?
 * -a) Distributions are never skewed. Only experimental measurements of them are skewed.
 * -b) None of these are true.
 * -c) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a small number of trials n.
 * -d) The binary distribution is never skewed if it is a true binary distribution.
 * +e) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a large number of trials n.

6) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as "two"?
 * -a) 5/6
 * +b) 3/6
 * -c) 2/6
 * -d) 1/6
 * -e) 4/6

7) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * -a) 16
 * -b) 22
 * -c) 12
 * +d) 8
 * -e) 6

8) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 40 trials are observed, then 68% of the time the observed number of positive outcomes will fall within &plusmn;___ of the expected value if p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution).
 * -a) 6
 * -b) 3
 * -c) 18
 * +d) 2
 * -e) 9

9) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 45&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power is passed by the filter?
 * -a) 4mW
 * -b) 9mW
 * +c) 6mW
 * -d) 8mW
 * -e) 3mW

10) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters, each oriented 45&deg; to the  previous, as shown.  What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
 * +a) 1/8
 * -b) 3/16
 * -c) 1/32
 * -d) 1/16
 * -e) 3/32

Bell:Bell1:V1
Bell152874216210 1) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * a) 12
 * b) 22
 * c) 6
 * d) 8
 * e) 16

2) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as "two"?
 * a) 3/6
 * b) 1/6
 * c) 4/6
 * d) 5/6
 * e) 2/6

3) You solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;.  Which of the following wins?
 * a) none of these are true
 * b) K and K&clubs;
 * c) K&spades; and K&clubs;
 * d) K and K&spades;
 * e) two of these are true

4) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 40 trials are observed, then 68% of the time the observed number of positive outcomes will fall within &plusmn;___ of the expected value if p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution).
 * a) 18
 * b) 9
 * c) 2
 * d) 6
 * e) 3

5) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 45&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power is passed by the filter?
 * a) 9mW
 * b) 4mW
 * c) 3mW
 * d) 6mW
 * e) 8mW

6) How would you describe the "skew" of a binary distribution?
 * a) Distributions are never skewed. Only experimental measurements of them are skewed.
 * b) The binary distribution is never skewed if it is a true binary distribution.
 * c) None of these are true.
 * d) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a small number of trials n.
 * e) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a large number of trials n.

7) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 4
 * b) 1
 * c) 3
 * d) 5
 * e) 2

8) Your solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;, you would__
 * a) lose 1 point
 * b) win 1 point
 * c) lose 3 points
 * d) win 3 points
 * e) be disqualified for cheating

9) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters, each oriented 45&deg; to the  previous, as shown.  What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
 * a) 3/32
 * b) 3/16
 * c) 1/32
 * d) 1/8
 * e) 1/16

10) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 6
 * b) 2
 * c) 4
 * d) 5
 * e) 3

KEY:Bell:Bell1:V1
Bell152874216210 1) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * -a) 12
 * -b) 22
 * -c) 6
 * +d) 8
 * -e) 16

2) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as "two"?
 * +a) 3/6
 * -b) 1/6
 * -c) 4/6
 * -d) 5/6
 * -e) 2/6

3) You solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;.  Which of the following wins?
 * -a) none of these are true
 * -b) K and K&clubs;
 * -c) K&spades; and K&clubs;
 * -d) K and K&spades;
 * +e) two of these are true

4) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 40 trials are observed, then 68% of the time the observed number of positive outcomes will fall within &plusmn;___ of the expected value if p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution).
 * -a) 18
 * -b) 9
 * +c) 2
 * -d) 6
 * -e) 3

5) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 45&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power is passed by the filter?
 * -a) 9mW
 * -b) 4mW
 * -c) 3mW
 * +d) 6mW
 * -e) 8mW

6) How would you describe the "skew" of a binary distribution?
 * -a) Distributions are never skewed. Only experimental measurements of them are skewed.
 * -b) The binary distribution is never skewed if it is a true binary distribution.
 * -c) None of these are true.
 * -d) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a small number of trials n.
 * +e) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a large number of trials n.

7) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * -a) 4
 * +b) 1
 * -c) 3
 * -d) 5
 * -e) 2

8) Your solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;, you would__
 * -a) lose 1 point
 * +b) win 1 point
 * -c) lose 3 points
 * -d) win 3 points
 * -e) be disqualified for cheating

9) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters, each oriented 45&deg; to the  previous, as shown.  What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
 * -a) 3/32
 * -b) 3/16
 * -c) 1/32
 * +d) 1/8
 * -e) 1/16

10) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * -a) 6
 * +b) 2
 * -c) 4
 * -d) 5
 * -e) 3

Bell:Bell1:V2
Bell152874216210 1) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 40 trials are observed, then 68% of the time the observed number of positive outcomes will fall within &plusmn;___ of the expected value if p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution).
 * a) 2
 * b) 9
 * c) 6
 * d) 18
 * e) 3

2) You solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;.  Which of the following wins?
 * a) none of these are true
 * b) two of these are true
 * c) K&spades; and K&clubs;
 * d) K and K&spades;
 * e) K and K&clubs;

3) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as "two"?
 * a) 1/6
 * b) 3/6
 * c) 4/6
 * d) 5/6
 * e) 2/6

4) How would you describe the "skew" of a binary distribution?
 * a) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a large number of trials n.
 * b) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a small number of trials n.
 * c) The binary distribution is never skewed if it is a true binary distribution.
 * d) None of these are true.
 * e) Distributions are never skewed. Only experimental measurements of them are skewed.

5) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * a) 6
 * b) 8
 * c) 22
 * d) 16
 * e) 12

6) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 45&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power is passed by the filter?
 * a) 4mW
 * b) 8mW
 * c) 3mW
 * d) 6mW
 * e) 9mW

7) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters, each oriented 45&deg; to the  previous, as shown.  What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
 * a) 1/32
 * b) 1/8
 * c) 1/16
 * d) 3/32
 * e) 3/16

8) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 1
 * b) 4
 * c) 2
 * d) 3
 * e) 5

9) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 5
 * b) 2
 * c) 4
 * d) 6
 * e) 3

10) Your solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;, you would__
 * a) win 3 points
 * b) win 1 point
 * c) lose 1 point
 * d) be disqualified for cheating
 * e) lose 3 points

KEY:Bell:Bell1:V2
Bell152874216210 1) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 40 trials are observed, then 68% of the time the observed number of positive outcomes will fall within &plusmn;___ of the expected value if p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution).
 * +a) 2
 * -b) 9
 * -c) 6
 * -d) 18
 * -e) 3

2) You solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;.  Which of the following wins?
 * -a) none of these are true
 * +b) two of these are true
 * -c) K&spades; and K&clubs;
 * -d) K and K&spades;
 * -e) K and K&clubs;

3) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as "two"?
 * -a) 1/6
 * +b) 3/6
 * -c) 4/6
 * -d) 5/6
 * -e) 2/6

4) How would you describe the "skew" of a binary distribution?
 * +a) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a large number of trials n.
 * -b) The binary distribution is always skewed, but has little skew for a small number of trials n.
 * -c) The binary distribution is never skewed if it is a true binary distribution.
 * -d) None of these are true.
 * -e) Distributions are never skewed. Only experimental measurements of them are skewed.

5) Recall that only 4.6% of the outcomes for a normal distribution lie outside of two standard deviations from the mean, and approximate the binomial distribution as normal for large numbers. If the variance is  &sigma;2=np(1-p) where n is the number of trials and p=.11 is the probability of a positive outcome for 40 trials, roughly 98% of the outcomes will be smaller than approximately __
 * -a) 6
 * +b) 8
 * -c) 22
 * -d) 16
 * -e) 12

6) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.A 12 mW laser strikes a polarizing filter oriented 45&deg; to the incoming axis of polarization.  How much power is passed by the filter?
 * -a) 4mW
 * -b) 8mW
 * -c) 3mW
 * +d) 6mW
 * -e) 9mW

7) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters, each oriented 45&deg; to the  previous, as shown.  What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
 * -a) 1/32
 * +b) 1/8
 * -c) 1/16
 * -d) 3/32
 * -e) 3/16

8) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * +a) 1
 * -b) 4
 * -c) 2
 * -d) 3
 * -e) 5

9) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * -a) 5
 * +b) 2
 * -c) 4
 * -d) 6
 * -e) 3

10) Your solitaire deck uses &spades; &clubs; and your answer cards are 4 and 5. You select 4&spades;, 5&clubs;, and 5.  If the questions were Q&spades; and Q&clubs;, you would__
 * -a) win 3 points
 * +b) win 1 point
 * -c) lose 1 point
 * -d) be disqualified for cheating
 * -e) lose 3 points

Bell:Bell2:V0
Bell152874216210 1) If the hypotenuse of a 45&deg;-45&deg; right triangle has a length of $$1$$ what is the length of each side?
 * a) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * b) $$2\sqrt 2$$
 * c) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * d) $$1$$
 * e) $$\sqrt 2$$

2) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with $$Q =\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1-P_S}{P_S}\right).$$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 1?
 * a) $$\infty$$
 * b) $$4$$
 * c) $$3$$
 * d) $$0$$
 * e) $$4/3$$

3) How much do the partners win or lose if Alice answers 4&spades; to K&spades; while Bob answers 4&spades; to A&spades;?
 * a) lose 3 points
 * b) win 1 point
 * c) no points awarded or lost
 * d) lose Q points

4) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with $$Q =\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1-P_S}{P_S}\right).$$ What is the penalty if the probability of asking the same question is 0.25?
 * a) $$4/3$$
 * b) $$3$$
 * c) $$4$$
 * d) $$\infty$$
 * e) $$0$$

5) A photon is polarized at 10&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 70&deg;. What is the probability that it passes?
 * a) 1/4
 * b) 1
 * c) 0
 * d) 1/2
 * e) 3/4

6) If the wavelength &lambda; associated with a photon doubles, the photon's frequency f
 * a) becomes twice as big
 * b) stays the same
 * c) becomes 4 times as big
 * d) is reduced by a factor of 4
 * e) is cut in half

7) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other.  The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object emits more photons per second (above a given threshold energy)?
 * a) The object with the greater volume.
 * b) They both emit the same number of photons (since the holes are identical).
 * c) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).
 * d) The object with the greater temperature emits more.

8) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 2/4=1/2
 * b) 3/5
 * c) 5/6
 * d) 3/4
 * e) 2/5

9) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 3/5
 * b) 5/6
 * c) 3/4
 * d) 2/4=1/2
 * e) 2/5

10) Calculate the probability P(&spades;,)+P(&spades;,)+P = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 6/5
 * b) 7/5
 * c) 5/6
 * d) 4/5
 * e) 5/4

KEY:Bell:Bell2:V0
Bell152874216210 1) If the hypotenuse of a 45&deg;-45&deg; right triangle has a length of $$1$$ what is the length of each side?
 * +a) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * -b) $$2\sqrt 2$$
 * -c) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * -d) $$1$$
 * -e) $$\sqrt 2$$

2) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with $$Q =\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1-P_S}{P_S}\right).$$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 1?
 * -a) $$\infty$$
 * -b) $$4$$
 * -c) $$3$$
 * +d) $$0$$
 * -e) $$4/3$$

3) How much do the partners win or lose if Alice answers 4&spades; to K&spades; while Bob answers 4&spades; to A&spades;?
 * -a) lose 3 points
 * -b) win 1 point
 * +c) no points awarded or lost
 * -d) lose Q points

4) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with $$Q =\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1-P_S}{P_S}\right).$$ What is the penalty if the probability of asking the same question is 0.25?
 * -a) $$4/3$$
 * -b) $$3$$
 * +c) $$4$$
 * -d) $$\infty$$
 * -e) $$0$$

5) A photon is polarized at 10&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 70&deg;. What is the probability that it passes?
 * +a) 1/4
 * -b) 1
 * -c) 0
 * -d) 1/2
 * -e) 3/4

6) If the wavelength &lambda; associated with a photon doubles, the photon's frequency f
 * -a) becomes twice as big
 * -b) stays the same
 * -c) becomes 4 times as big
 * -d) is reduced by a factor of 4
 * +e) is cut in half

7) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other.  The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object emits more photons per second (above a given threshold energy)?
 * -a) The object with the greater volume.
 * -b) They both emit the same number of photons (since the holes are identical).
 * -c) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).
 * +d) The object with the greater temperature emits more.

8) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) 2/4=1/2
 * +b) 3/5
 * -c) 5/6
 * -d) 3/4
 * -e) 2/5

9) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) 3/5
 * -b) 5/6
 * -c) 3/4
 * -d) 2/4=1/2
 * +e) 2/5

10) Calculate the probability P(&spades;,)+P(&spades;,)+P = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) 6/5
 * +b) 7/5
 * -c) 5/6
 * -d) 4/5
 * -e) 5/4

Bell:Bell2:V1
Bell152874216210 1) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 2/4=1/2
 * b) 3/5
 * c) 3/4
 * d) 2/5
 * e) 5/6

2) Calculate the probability P(&spades;,)+P(&spades;,)+P = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 7/5
 * b) 4/5
 * c) 6/5
 * d) 5/4
 * e) 5/6

3) A photon is polarized at 10&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 70&deg;. What is the probability that it passes?
 * a) 1/4
 * b) 0
 * c) 3/4
 * d) 1/2
 * e) 1

4) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 2/5
 * b) 5/6
 * c) 3/4
 * d) 2/4=1/2
 * e) 3/5

5) If the hypotenuse of a 45&deg;-45&deg; right triangle has a length of $$1$$ what is the length of each side?
 * a) $$\sqrt 2$$
 * b) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * c) $$1$$
 * d) $$2\sqrt 2$$
 * e) $$\tfrac 1 2$$

6) How much do the partners win or lose if Alice answers 4&spades; to K&spades; while Bob answers 4&spades; to A&spades;?
 * a) lose Q points
 * b) win 1 point
 * c) lose 3 points
 * d) no points awarded or lost

7) If the wavelength &lambda; associated with a photon doubles, the photon's frequency f
 * a) stays the same
 * b) becomes twice as big
 * c) becomes 4 times as big
 * d) is cut in half
 * e) is reduced by a factor of 4

8) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with $$Q =\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1-P_S}{P_S}\right).$$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 1?
 * a) $$0$$
 * b) $$4$$
 * c) $$3$$
 * d) $$4/3$$
 * e) $$\infty$$

9) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other.  The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object emits more photons per second (above a given threshold energy)?
 * a) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).
 * b) The object with the greater volume.
 * c) The object with the greater temperature emits more.
 * d) They both emit the same number of photons (since the holes are identical).

10) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with $$Q =\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1-P_S}{P_S}\right).$$ What is the penalty if the probability of asking the same question is 0.25?
 * a) $$\infty$$
 * b) $$4$$
 * c) $$0$$
 * d) $$4/3$$
 * e) $$3$$

KEY:Bell:Bell2:V1
Bell152874216210 1) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) 2/4=1/2
 * -b) 3/5
 * -c) 3/4
 * +d) 2/5
 * -e) 5/6

2) Calculate the probability P(&spades;,)+P(&spades;,)+P = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * +a) 7/5
 * -b) 4/5
 * -c) 6/5
 * -d) 5/4
 * -e) 5/6

3) A photon is polarized at 10&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 70&deg;. What is the probability that it passes?
 * +a) 1/4
 * -b) 0
 * -c) 3/4
 * -d) 1/2
 * -e) 1

4) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) 2/5
 * -b) 5/6
 * -c) 3/4
 * -d) 2/4=1/2
 * +e) 3/5

5) If the hypotenuse of a 45&deg;-45&deg; right triangle has a length of $$1$$ what is the length of each side?
 * -a) $$\sqrt 2$$
 * +b) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * -c) $$1$$
 * -d) $$2\sqrt 2$$
 * -e) $$\tfrac 1 2$$

6) How much do the partners win or lose if Alice answers 4&spades; to K&spades; while Bob answers 4&spades; to A&spades;?
 * -a) lose Q points
 * -b) win 1 point
 * -c) lose 3 points
 * +d) no points awarded or lost

7) If the wavelength &lambda; associated with a photon doubles, the photon's frequency f
 * -a) stays the same
 * -b) becomes twice as big
 * -c) becomes 4 times as big
 * +d) is cut in half
 * -e) is reduced by a factor of 4

8) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with $$Q =\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1-P_S}{P_S}\right).$$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 1?
 * +a) $$0$$
 * -b) $$4$$
 * -c) $$3$$
 * -d) $$4/3$$
 * -e) $$\infty$$

9) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other.  The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object emits more photons per second (above a given threshold energy)?
 * -a) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).
 * -b) The object with the greater volume.
 * +c) The object with the greater temperature emits more.
 * -d) They both emit the same number of photons (since the holes are identical).

10) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with $$Q =\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1-P_S}{P_S}\right).$$ What is the penalty if the probability of asking the same question is 0.25?
 * -a) $$\infty$$
 * +b) $$4$$
 * -c) $$0$$
 * -d) $$4/3$$
 * -e) $$3$$

Bell:Bell2:V2
Bell152874216210 1) A photon is polarized at 10&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 70&deg;. What is the probability that it passes?
 * a) 0
 * b) 1
 * c) 1/4
 * d) 1/2
 * e) 3/4

2) Calculate the probability P(&spades;,)+P(&spades;,)+P = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 7/5
 * b) 5/4
 * c) 6/5
 * d) 5/6
 * e) 4/5

3) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other.  The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object emits more photons per second (above a given threshold energy)?
 * a) They both emit the same number of photons (since the holes are identical).
 * b) The object with the greater temperature emits more.
 * c) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).
 * d) The object with the greater volume.

4) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with $$Q =\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1-P_S}{P_S}\right).$$ What is the penalty if the probability of asking the same question is 0.25?
 * a) $$4/3$$
 * b) $$3$$
 * c) $$\infty$$
 * d) $$0$$
 * e) $$4$$

5) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with $$Q =\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1-P_S}{P_S}\right).$$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 1?
 * a) $$4/3$$
 * b) $$4$$
 * c) $$\infty$$
 * d) $$0$$
 * e) $$3$$

6) How much do the partners win or lose if Alice answers 4&spades; to K&spades; while Bob answers 4&spades; to A&spades;?
 * a) lose Q points
 * b) lose 3 points
 * c) no points awarded or lost
 * d) win 1 point

7) If the wavelength &lambda; associated with a photon doubles, the photon's frequency f
 * a) is reduced by a factor of 4
 * b) becomes twice as big
 * c) stays the same
 * d) becomes 4 times as big
 * e) is cut in half

8) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 2/4=1/2
 * b) 3/5
 * c) 2/5
 * d) 5/6
 * e) 3/4

9) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 2/5
 * b) 5/6
 * c) 2/4=1/2
 * d) 3/5
 * e) 3/4

10) If the hypotenuse of a 45&deg;-45&deg; right triangle has a length of $$1$$ what is the length of each side?
 * a) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * b) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * c) $$2\sqrt 2$$
 * d) $$1$$
 * e) $$\sqrt 2$$

KEY:Bell:Bell2:V2
Bell152874216210 1) A photon is polarized at 10&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 70&deg;. What is the probability that it passes?
 * -a) 0
 * -b) 1
 * +c) 1/4
 * -d) 1/2
 * -e) 3/4

2) Calculate the probability P(&spades;,)+P(&spades;,)+P = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * +a) 7/5
 * -b) 5/4
 * -c) 6/5
 * -d) 5/6
 * -e) 4/5

3) Two black bodies of are created by cutting identical small holes two large containers. The holes are oriented so that all the photons leaving one will enter the other.  The objects have different temperature and different volume. Which object emits more photons per second (above a given threshold energy)?
 * -a) They both emit the same number of photons (since the holes are identical).
 * +b) The object with the greater temperature emits more.
 * -c) No unique answer exists because two variables are involved (temperature and volume).
 * -d) The object with the greater volume.

4) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with $$Q =\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1-P_S}{P_S}\right).$$ What is the penalty if the probability of asking the same question is 0.25?
 * -a) $$4/3$$
 * -b) $$3$$
 * -c) $$\infty$$
 * -d) $$0$$
 * +e) $$4$$

5) Suppose the referee selects neutral scoring with $$Q =\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1-P_S}{P_S}\right).$$ What number does the penalty approach as the probability of asking the same question goes to 1?
 * -a) $$4/3$$
 * -b) $$4$$
 * -c) $$\infty$$
 * +d) $$0$$
 * -e) $$3$$

6) How much do the partners win or lose if Alice answers 4&spades; to K&spades; while Bob answers 4&spades; to A&spades;?
 * -a) lose Q points
 * -b) lose 3 points
 * +c) no points awarded or lost
 * -d) win 1 point

7) If the wavelength &lambda; associated with a photon doubles, the photon's frequency f
 * -a) is reduced by a factor of 4
 * -b) becomes twice as big
 * -c) stays the same
 * -d) becomes 4 times as big
 * +e) is cut in half

8) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) 2/4=1/2
 * -b) 3/5
 * +c) 2/5
 * -d) 5/6
 * -e) 3/4

9) Calculate the measured probability: P(&spades;,) = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) 2/5
 * -b) 5/6
 * -c) 2/4=1/2
 * +d) 3/5
 * -e) 3/4

10) If the hypotenuse of a 45&deg;-45&deg; right triangle has a length of $$1$$ what is the length of each side?
 * -a) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * +b) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * -c) $$2\sqrt 2$$
 * -d) $$1$$
 * -e) $$\sqrt 2$$

Bell:Bell3:V0
Bell152874216210 1) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 4
 * b) 1
 * c) 3
 * d) 2
 * e) 5

2) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average win ___ times.
 * a) 4
 * b) 5
 * c) 3
 * d) 2
 * e) 6

3) A local college averages 2500 new incoming students each year. Suppose the pool of potential high school graduates in the local area is so large that the probability of a given student selecting this college is small, and assume a variance of &sigma;2 equal to p(1-p).  What standard deviation would you expect in the yearly total of new enrollees, assuming nothing changes in this population from year to year?
 * a) 50
 * b) 150
 * c) 250
 * d) 500
 * e) 200

4) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 40 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.
 * a) 2.2
 * b) 4.4
 * c) 1.1
 * d) 9.9
 * e) 3.3

5) The normal distribution (often called a "bell curve") is usually skewed
 * a) True
 * b) False

6) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as anything but "two"?
 * a) 2/6
 * b) 3/6
 * c) 1/6
 * d) 4/6
 * e) 5/6

7) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.  By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 30&deg; to that field?
 * a) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * b) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$
 * c) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * d) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * e) $$\tfrac 1 4$$

8) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.  By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 60&deg; to that field?
 * a) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$
 * b) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * c) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * d) $$\tfrac 1 4$$
 * e) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$

9) Hold a pendulum a moderate distance from equilibrium and release it by tossing it in a direction parallel to the displacement of the mass from equilibrium. The resulting polarization will be ____ (pick the best answer)
 * a) linear or elliptical
 * b) circular or linear
 * c) circular or elliptical
 * d) linearly
 * e) circular

10) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters. The second is oriented 30&deg; from the first, and the third is rotated by an additional 60&deg;, making it at right angles from the first filter.  What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
 * a) 1/32
 * b) 1/16
 * c) 3/16
 * d) 3/32
 * e) 1/8

11) Why is the referee smoking a pipe?
 * a) It is nearly impossible for Inkscape to modify an svg file.
 * b) The CC-BY-SA license denies the right to modify File:Silhouette Mr Pipo.svg.
 * c) The paper's author either likes the pipe or was too busy to remove it.
 * d) The paper's author wishes to promote pipe smoking among college students.

12) Suppose the partners choose the &beta; strategy (which was not available in the solitaire version). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * a) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * b) None of these is correct
 * c) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * d) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * e) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$

13) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the same suit (same questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * a) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * b) None of these is correct
 * c) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * d) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * e) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$

14) A photon is polarized at 5&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 65&deg;. What is the probability that it is blocked?
 * a) 0
 * b) 3/4
 * c) 1/2
 * d) 1
 * e) 1/4

15) In the Phet lab for photoelectric effect, how was the electron's kinetic energy measured?
 * a) deflecting the electron with a magnetic field
 * b) stopping the electron with an applied voltage
 * c) measuring both spin and polarization
 * d) measuring spin
 * e) measuring polarization

16) This figure is associated with
 * a) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * b) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * c) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * d) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * e) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf

17) If an atom absorbs a photon with 2 eV energy, the atom's energy
 * a) decreases by 2 eV
 * b) decreases by 4 eV
 * c) increases by 2 eV
 * d) stays the same
 * e) increases by 4 eV

18) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is either even or prime?
 * a) 1
 * b) 0
 * c) 3/4
 * d) 1/2
 * e) 5/4
 * f) 1/4

19) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime), or the probability that the number is prime?
 * a) 0
 * b) 5/4
 * c) 1
 * d) 1/2
 * e) 1/4
 * f) 3/4

20) Calculate the probability P(&spades;,)+P(&spades;,)+P = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 5/6
 * b) 5/4
 * c) 7/5
 * d) 6/5
 * e) 4/5

KEY:Bell:Bell3:V0
Bell152874216210 1) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * -a) 4
 * +b) 1
 * -c) 3
 * -d) 2
 * -e) 5

2) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average win ___ times.
 * +a) 4
 * -b) 5
 * -c) 3
 * -d) 2
 * -e) 6

3) A local college averages 2500 new incoming students each year. Suppose the pool of potential high school graduates in the local area is so large that the probability of a given student selecting this college is small, and assume a variance of &sigma;2 equal to p(1-p).  What standard deviation would you expect in the yearly total of new enrollees, assuming nothing changes in this population from year to year?
 * +a) 50
 * -b) 150
 * -c) 250
 * -d) 500
 * -e) 200

4) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 40 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.
 * -a) 2.2
 * +b) 4.4
 * -c) 1.1
 * -d) 9.9
 * -e) 3.3

5) The normal distribution (often called a "bell curve") is usually skewed
 * -a) True
 * +b) False

6) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as anything but "two"?
 * -a) 2/6
 * -b) 3/6
 * -c) 1/6
 * -d) 4/6
 * +e) 5/6

7) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.  By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 30&deg; to that field?
 * -a) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * +b) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$
 * -c) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * -d) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * -e) $$\tfrac 1 4$$

8) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.  By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 60&deg; to that field?
 * -a) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$
 * -b) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * +c) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * -d) $$\tfrac 1 4$$
 * -e) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$

9) Hold a pendulum a moderate distance from equilibrium and release it by tossing it in a direction parallel to the displacement of the mass from equilibrium. The resulting polarization will be ____ (pick the best answer)
 * -a) linear or elliptical
 * -b) circular or linear
 * -c) circular or elliptical
 * +d) linearly
 * -e) circular

10) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters. The second is oriented 30&deg; from the first, and the third is rotated by an additional 60&deg;, making it at right angles from the first filter.  What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
 * -a) 1/32
 * -b) 1/16
 * -c) 3/16
 * +d) 3/32
 * -e) 1/8

11) Why is the referee smoking a pipe?
 * -a) It is nearly impossible for Inkscape to modify an svg file.
 * -b) The CC-BY-SA license denies the right to modify File:Silhouette Mr Pipo.svg.
 * +c) The paper's author either likes the pipe or was too busy to remove it.
 * -d) The paper's author wishes to promote pipe smoking among college students.

12) Suppose the partners choose the &beta; strategy (which was not available in the solitaire version). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * -a) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -b) None of these is correct
 * -c) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * +d) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -e) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$

13) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the same suit (same questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * +a) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -b) None of these is correct
 * -c) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -d) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -e) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$

14) A photon is polarized at 5&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 65&deg;. What is the probability that it is blocked?
 * -a) 0
 * -b) 3/4
 * -c) 1/2
 * -d) 1
 * +e) 1/4

15) In the Phet lab for photoelectric effect, how was the electron's kinetic energy measured?
 * -a) deflecting the electron with a magnetic field
 * +b) stopping the electron with an applied voltage
 * -c) measuring both spin and polarization
 * -d) measuring spin
 * -e) measuring polarization

16) This figure is associated with
 * -a) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * -b) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * -c) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * -d) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * +e) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf

17) If an atom absorbs a photon with 2 eV energy, the atom's energy
 * -a) decreases by 2 eV
 * -b) decreases by 4 eV
 * +c) increases by 2 eV
 * -d) stays the same
 * -e) increases by 4 eV

18) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is either even or prime?
 * +a) 1
 * -b) 0
 * -c) 3/4
 * -d) 1/2
 * -e) 5/4
 * -f) 1/4

19) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime), or the probability that the number is prime?
 * -a) 0
 * -b) 5/4
 * -c) 1
 * -d) 1/2
 * -e) 1/4
 * +f) 3/4

20) Calculate the probability P(&spades;,)+P(&spades;,)+P = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) 5/6
 * -b) 5/4
 * +c) 7/5
 * -d) 6/5
 * -e) 4/5

Bell:Bell3:V1
Bell152874216210 1) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.  By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 60&deg; to that field?
 * a) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * b) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * c) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$
 * d) $$\tfrac 1 4$$
 * e) $$\tfrac 3 4$$

2) This figure is associated with
 * a) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf
 * b) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * c) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * d) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * e) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)

3) Suppose the partners choose the &beta; strategy (which was not available in the solitaire version). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * a) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * b) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * c) None of these is correct
 * d) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * e) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$

4) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime), or the probability that the number is prime?
 * a) 0
 * b) 3/4
 * c) 1/4
 * d) 1
 * e) 1/2
 * f) 5/4

5) A photon is polarized at 5&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 65&deg;. What is the probability that it is blocked?
 * a) 1/4
 * b) 3/4
 * c) 1/2
 * d) 0
 * e) 1

6) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average win ___ times.
 * a) 5
 * b) 3
 * c) 2
 * d) 4
 * e) 6

7) If an atom absorbs a photon with 2 eV energy, the atom's energy
 * a) stays the same
 * b) decreases by 2 eV
 * c) decreases by 4 eV
 * d) increases by 4 eV
 * e) increases by 2 eV

8) In the Phet lab for photoelectric effect, how was the electron's kinetic energy measured?
 * a) measuring polarization
 * b) stopping the electron with an applied voltage
 * c) measuring both spin and polarization
 * d) deflecting the electron with a magnetic field
 * e) measuring spin

9) A local college averages 2500 new incoming students each year. Suppose the pool of potential high school graduates in the local area is so large that the probability of a given student selecting this college is small, and assume a variance of &sigma;2 equal to p(1-p).  What standard deviation would you expect in the yearly total of new enrollees, assuming nothing changes in this population from year to year?
 * a) 150
 * b) 250
 * c) 500
 * d) 200
 * e) 50

10) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is either even or prime?
 * a) 3/4
 * b) 5/4
 * c) 1
 * d) 1/4
 * e) 1/2
 * f) 0

11) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.  By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 30&deg; to that field?
 * a) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$
 * b) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * c) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * d) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * e) $$\tfrac 1 4$$

12) Hold a pendulum a moderate distance from equilibrium and release it by tossing it in a direction parallel to the displacement of the mass from equilibrium. The resulting polarization will be ____ (pick the best answer)
 * a) circular or elliptical
 * b) linearly
 * c) circular or linear
 * d) circular
 * e) linear or elliptical

13) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters. The second is oriented 30&deg; from the first, and the third is rotated by an additional 60&deg;, making it at right angles from the first filter.  What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
 * a) 3/32
 * b) 1/16
 * c) 3/16
 * d) 1/8
 * e) 1/32

14) Calculate the probability P(&spades;,)+P(&spades;,)+P = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 4/5
 * b) 5/4
 * c) 5/6
 * d) 6/5
 * e) 7/5

15) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 40 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.
 * a) 4.4
 * b) 3.3
 * c) 1.1
 * d) 9.9
 * e) 2.2

16) The normal distribution (often called a "bell curve") is usually skewed
 * a) True
 * b) False

17) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 1
 * b) 5
 * c) 2
 * d) 4
 * e) 3

18) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the same suit (same questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * a) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * b) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * c) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * d) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * e) None of these is correct

19) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as anything but "two"?
 * a) 4/6
 * b) 5/6
 * c) 2/6
 * d) 1/6
 * e) 3/6

20) Why is the referee smoking a pipe?
 * a) The CC-BY-SA license denies the right to modify File:Silhouette Mr Pipo.svg.
 * b) It is nearly impossible for Inkscape to modify an svg file.
 * c) The paper's author wishes to promote pipe smoking among college students.
 * d) The paper's author either likes the pipe or was too busy to remove it.

KEY:Bell:Bell3:V1
Bell152874216210 1) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.  By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 60&deg; to that field?
 * -a) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * +b) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * -c) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$
 * -d) $$\tfrac 1 4$$
 * -e) $$\tfrac 3 4$$

2) This figure is associated with
 * +a) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf
 * -b) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * -c) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * -d) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * -e) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)

3) Suppose the partners choose the &beta; strategy (which was not available in the solitaire version). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * -a) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * +b) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -c) None of these is correct
 * -d) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -e) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$

4) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime), or the probability that the number is prime?
 * -a) 0
 * +b) 3/4
 * -c) 1/4
 * -d) 1
 * -e) 1/2
 * -f) 5/4

5) A photon is polarized at 5&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 65&deg;. What is the probability that it is blocked?
 * +a) 1/4
 * -b) 3/4
 * -c) 1/2
 * -d) 0
 * -e) 1

6) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average win ___ times.
 * -a) 5
 * -b) 3
 * -c) 2
 * +d) 4
 * -e) 6

7) If an atom absorbs a photon with 2 eV energy, the atom's energy
 * -a) stays the same
 * -b) decreases by 2 eV
 * -c) decreases by 4 eV
 * -d) increases by 4 eV
 * +e) increases by 2 eV

8) In the Phet lab for photoelectric effect, how was the electron's kinetic energy measured?
 * -a) measuring polarization
 * +b) stopping the electron with an applied voltage
 * -c) measuring both spin and polarization
 * -d) deflecting the electron with a magnetic field
 * -e) measuring spin

9) A local college averages 2500 new incoming students each year. Suppose the pool of potential high school graduates in the local area is so large that the probability of a given student selecting this college is small, and assume a variance of &sigma;2 equal to p(1-p).  What standard deviation would you expect in the yearly total of new enrollees, assuming nothing changes in this population from year to year?
 * -a) 150
 * -b) 250
 * -c) 500
 * -d) 200
 * +e) 50

10) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is either even or prime?
 * -a) 3/4
 * -b) 5/4
 * +c) 1
 * -d) 1/4
 * -e) 1/2
 * -f) 0

11) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.  By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 30&deg; to that field?
 * +a) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$
 * -b) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * -c) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * -d) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * -e) $$\tfrac 1 4$$

12) Hold a pendulum a moderate distance from equilibrium and release it by tossing it in a direction parallel to the displacement of the mass from equilibrium. The resulting polarization will be ____ (pick the best answer)
 * -a) circular or elliptical
 * +b) linearly
 * -c) circular or linear
 * -d) circular
 * -e) linear or elliptical

13) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters. The second is oriented 30&deg; from the first, and the third is rotated by an additional 60&deg;, making it at right angles from the first filter.  What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
 * +a) 3/32
 * -b) 1/16
 * -c) 3/16
 * -d) 1/8
 * -e) 1/32

14) Calculate the probability P(&spades;,)+P(&spades;,)+P = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) 4/5
 * -b) 5/4
 * -c) 5/6
 * -d) 6/5
 * +e) 7/5

15) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 40 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.
 * +a) 4.4
 * -b) 3.3
 * -c) 1.1
 * -d) 9.9
 * -e) 2.2

16) The normal distribution (often called a "bell curve") is usually skewed
 * -a) True
 * +b) False

17) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * +a) 1
 * -b) 5
 * -c) 2
 * -d) 4
 * -e) 3

18) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the same suit (same questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * +a) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -b) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -c) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -d) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -e) None of these is correct

19) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as anything but "two"?
 * -a) 4/6
 * +b) 5/6
 * -c) 2/6
 * -d) 1/6
 * -e) 3/6

20) Why is the referee smoking a pipe?
 * -a) The CC-BY-SA license denies the right to modify File:Silhouette Mr Pipo.svg.
 * -b) It is nearly impossible for Inkscape to modify an svg file.
 * -c) The paper's author wishes to promote pipe smoking among college students.
 * +d) The paper's author either likes the pipe or was too busy to remove it.

Bell:Bell3:V2
Bell152874216210 1) Hold a pendulum a moderate distance from equilibrium and release it by tossing it in a direction parallel to the displacement of the mass from equilibrium. The resulting polarization will be ____ (pick the best answer)
 * a) circular or linear
 * b) linearly
 * c) linear or elliptical
 * d) circular
 * e) circular or elliptical

2) In the Phet lab for photoelectric effect, how was the electron's kinetic energy measured?
 * a) deflecting the electron with a magnetic field
 * b) measuring both spin and polarization
 * c) stopping the electron with an applied voltage
 * d) measuring polarization
 * e) measuring spin

3) A photon is polarized at 5&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 65&deg;. What is the probability that it is blocked?
 * a) 3/4
 * b) 1
 * c) 1/4
 * d) 0
 * e) 1/2

4) If an atom absorbs a photon with 2 eV energy, the atom's energy
 * a) decreases by 2 eV
 * b) increases by 4 eV
 * c) increases by 2 eV
 * d) stays the same
 * e) decreases by 4 eV

5) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as anything but "two"?
 * a) 3/6
 * b) 5/6
 * c) 2/6
 * d) 4/6
 * e) 1/6

6) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average win ___ times.
 * a) 6
 * b) 5
 * c) 4
 * d) 2
 * e) 3

7) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is either even or prime?
 * a) 3/4
 * b) 1
 * c) 0
 * d) 1/2
 * e) 1/4
 * f) 5/4

8) A local college averages 2500 new incoming students each year. Suppose the pool of potential high school graduates in the local area is so large that the probability of a given student selecting this college is small, and assume a variance of &sigma;2 equal to p(1-p).  What standard deviation would you expect in the yearly total of new enrollees, assuming nothing changes in this population from year to year?
 * a) 150
 * b) 250
 * c) 50
 * d) 500
 * e) 200

9) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime), or the probability that the number is prime?
 * a) 1/4
 * b) 5/4
 * c) 1/2
 * d) 0
 * e) 1
 * f) 3/4

10) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * a) 3
 * b) 4
 * c) 5
 * d) 2
 * e) 1

11) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 40 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.
 * a) 4.4
 * b) 1.1
 * c) 3.3
 * d) 9.9
 * e) 2.2

12) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the same suit (same questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * a) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * b) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * c) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * d) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * e) None of these is correct

13) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters. The second is oriented 30&deg; from the first, and the third is rotated by an additional 60&deg;, making it at right angles from the first filter.  What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
 * a) 1/16
 * b) 1/32
 * c) 3/32
 * d) 3/16
 * e) 1/8

14) Why is the referee smoking a pipe?
 * a) It is nearly impossible for Inkscape to modify an svg file.
 * b) The paper's author either likes the pipe or was too busy to remove it.
 * c) The CC-BY-SA license denies the right to modify File:Silhouette Mr Pipo.svg.
 * d) The paper's author wishes to promote pipe smoking among college students.

15) Calculate the probability P(&spades;,)+P(&spades;,)+P = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * a) 5/6
 * b) 5/4
 * c) 4/5
 * d) 7/5
 * e) 6/5

16) This figure is associated with
 * a) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * b) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * c) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * d) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * e) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf

17) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.  By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 60&deg; to that field?
 * a) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * b) $$\tfrac 1 4$$
 * c) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * d) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * e) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$

18) Suppose the partners choose the &beta; strategy (which was not available in the solitaire version). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * a) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * b) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * c) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * d) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * e) None of these is correct

19) The normal distribution (often called a "bell curve") is usually skewed
 * a) True
 * b) False

20) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.  By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 30&deg; to that field?
 * a) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * b) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$
 * c) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * d) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * e) $$\tfrac 1 4$$

KEY:Bell:Bell3:V2
Bell152874216210 1) Hold a pendulum a moderate distance from equilibrium and release it by tossing it in a direction parallel to the displacement of the mass from equilibrium. The resulting polarization will be ____ (pick the best answer)
 * -a) circular or linear
 * +b) linearly
 * -c) linear or elliptical
 * -d) circular
 * -e) circular or elliptical

2) In the Phet lab for photoelectric effect, how was the electron's kinetic energy measured?
 * -a) deflecting the electron with a magnetic field
 * -b) measuring both spin and polarization
 * +c) stopping the electron with an applied voltage
 * -d) measuring polarization
 * -e) measuring spin

3) A photon is polarized at 5&deg; when it encounters a filter oriented at 65&deg;. What is the probability that it is blocked?
 * -a) 3/4
 * -b) 1
 * +c) 1/4
 * -d) 0
 * -e) 1/2

4) If an atom absorbs a photon with 2 eV energy, the atom's energy
 * -a) decreases by 2 eV
 * -b) increases by 4 eV
 * +c) increases by 2 eV
 * -d) stays the same
 * -e) decreases by 4 eV

5) What is the probability of success, p, for a binary distribution using a six-sided die, with success defined as anything but "two"?
 * -a) 3/6
 * +b) 5/6
 * -c) 2/6
 * -d) 4/6
 * -e) 1/6

6) If you play the solitaire game 6 times, you will on average win ___ times.
 * -a) 6
 * -b) 5
 * +c) 4
 * -d) 2
 * -e) 3

7) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is the probability that it is either even or prime?
 * -a) 3/4
 * +b) 1
 * -c) 0
 * -d) 1/2
 * -e) 1/4
 * -f) 5/4

8) A local college averages 2500 new incoming students each year. Suppose the pool of potential high school graduates in the local area is so large that the probability of a given student selecting this college is small, and assume a variance of &sigma;2 equal to p(1-p).  What standard deviation would you expect in the yearly total of new enrollees, assuming nothing changes in this population from year to year?
 * -a) 150
 * -b) 250
 * +c) 50
 * -d) 500
 * -e) 200

9) If a number is randomly selected from the set {2,3,4,5}, what is P(prime), or the probability that the number is prime?
 * -a) 1/4
 * -b) 5/4
 * -c) 1/2
 * -d) 0
 * -e) 1
 * +f) 3/4

10) If you play the solitaire game 3 times, you will on average lose ___ times.
 * -a) 3
 * -b) 4
 * -c) 5
 * -d) 2
 * +e) 1

11) For a binomial distribution with n trials, the variance is &sigma;2=np(1-p). If 40 trials are made and p=.11, the expected number of positive outcomes is__. Make the approximation that this binomial distribution is approximately a Gaussian (normal) distribution.
 * +a) 4.4
 * -b) 1.1
 * -c) 3.3
 * -d) 9.9
 * -e) 2.2

12) Suppose the referee gives Alice and Bob receive question cards of the same suit (same questions). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * +a) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -b) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -c) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -d) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -e) None of these is correct

13) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field. Unpolarized light impinges on three linear filters. The second is oriented 30&deg; from the first, and the third is rotated by an additional 60&deg;, making it at right angles from the first filter.  What fraction of the power incident on the first filter emerges from the last?
 * -a) 1/16
 * -b) 1/32
 * +c) 3/32
 * -d) 3/16
 * -e) 1/8

14) Why is the referee smoking a pipe?
 * -a) It is nearly impossible for Inkscape to modify an svg file.
 * +b) The paper's author either likes the pipe or was too busy to remove it.
 * -c) The CC-BY-SA license denies the right to modify File:Silhouette Mr Pipo.svg.
 * -d) The paper's author wishes to promote pipe smoking among college students.

15) Calculate the probability P(&spades;,)+P(&spades;,)+P = ? Assume the dots represent five observations.
 * -a) 5/6
 * -b) 5/4
 * -c) 4/5
 * +d) 7/5
 * -e) 6/5

16) This figure is associated with
 * -a) Evidence presented in 1800 that light is a wave.
 * -b) The transfer of energy and momentum of a high energy photon of a nearly free electron.
 * -c) Diffraction observed in light so faint that photons seemed to have no mechanism to interact with each other (observed in 1909)
 * -d) Photons striking metal and ejecting electrons (photo-electric effect explained in 1905)
 * +e) A system similar to the one that led to the 1901 proposal that light energy is quantized as integral multiples of hf

17) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.  By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 60&deg; to that field?
 * -a) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * -b) $$\tfrac 1 4$$
 * -c) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * +d) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * -e) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$

18) Suppose the partners choose the &beta; strategy (which was not available in the solitaire version). What are the best and worst possible outcomes for the partners? (Assume for this question that $$Q>3$$)
 * -a) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -b) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-3$$
 * -c) Best for partners: $$0$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * +d) Best for partners: $$+1$$ ... Worst: $$-Q$$
 * -e) None of these is correct

19) The normal distribution (often called a "bell curve") is usually skewed
 * -a) True
 * +b) False

20) A linear polarizer selects a component of the electric field. Also, the energy density of light is proportional to the square of the electric field.  By what factor does a filter reduce the electric field if it is oriented 30&deg; to that field?
 * -a) $$\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2$$
 * +b) $$\tfrac \sqrt 3 2$$
 * -c) $$\tfrac 1 2$$
 * -d) $$\tfrac 3 4$$
 * -e) $$\tfrac 1 4$$