Standard-candles astronomy/Quiz

Standard-candles astronomy is a lecture about the astronomy techniques for finding and studying standard candles and standard-candle candidates. These are used to estimate distances beyond the capability of trigonometric parallax.

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Quiz
{Which of the following are attributes that make Type Ia supernovae potentially valuable standard candles? - occur in dusty regions + present in the old stellar populations of all galaxies - they have characteristic mottling + they lack hydrogen lines in their optical spectra + they lack helium lines in their optical spectra - have incipient resolution + during the first month after maximum light they do have a strong absorption feature produced by the red doublet (λ6347, λ6371 Å) of singly ionized silicon
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{True or False, Red clump giants can provide a very precise estimate of the distances to metal-rich Galactic globular clusters and nearby galaxies. + TRUE - FALSE
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{Yes or No, Novae possess a number of attributes that make them potentially valuable standard candles. + Yes - No
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{Which of the following are attributes that make novae potentially valuable standard candles? - they have characteristic mottling + they are luminous + they are easy to recognize - have incipient resolution + found predominantly in elliptical galaxies - occur in dusty regions + found predominantly in the bulges of spirals
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{Yes or No, The ideal distance indicator would be a standard candle abundant enough to provide many examples within reach of parallax measurements and sufficiently bright to be seen out to local group galaxies. + Yes - No
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{True or False, Outer spiral arms are considerably bluer due to ongoing formation of young, blue stars. + TRUE - FALSE
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{Which of the following are associated with using NGC 4414 as a standard candle? - characteristic mottling + observed on more than a dozen different occasions over the course of a few months + images obtained through at least three different color filters - incipient resolution + careful brightness measurements of variable stars - easy to recognize + large size of the galaxy
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{True or False, Stars whose distances have been accurately determined with trigonometric parallax can be used as standard candles. + TRUE - FALSE
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{Yes or No, The Hubble constant (H0) is the ratio of how fast galaxies are moving away from us to their distance from us. + Yes - No
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{True or False, In 1977, the distance to Betelgeuse estimated by various standard candles suggested 200 pc, almost universally used in the literature. + TRUE - FALSE
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Hypotheses
Hypothesis:
 * 1) Standard candles may not be a reasonable way to estimate distances.