Talk:Artificial Consciousness/Artificial Intelligence

In contrast to discussing artificial consciousness/artificial intelligence from an anthropocentric frame of reference, I propose having a mechanocentric frame of reference. I would like to offer a new term, "Mechation", to open up discussion on this subject.

Mechation is a new term used to denote a form of evolution related to machine growth, development, and stabilization. While "evolution" has historically been linked to organic life forms based on carbon molecules, the dominant growth and development on our planet over the last century has been that of machines.

Machines, mechanisms, and tools all derive from human symbolic activity. They are neither human nor organic, however. They do not exhibit the same functions as living organisms, but they evolve in their own way. While humans do not give "birth" to machines, they generate codes which enable machines to reproduce and multiply. The world automobile population doubles every other decade. This is made possible by engineering manuals, factories, finance, and distribution techniques. Slowly, with the rapid development of computer capacities, these functions are accomplished with less and less human support. In the near future, automobile design and reproduction will be entirely machine-controlled.

Although humans claim responsibility for successes and problems caused by machines, it is only because they are caught up in the transitional nature of organic evolution transforming into mechanic evolution: signs and symbols. Humans, the most advanced mammals, create thought and code. The code develops a "life" of its own and has become the "DNA" of mechanisms. Any mechanical device can be constructed or reconstructed by using codes and materials.

What force guides the transition of evolution towards mechation? Throughout evolutionary time, there has always been intention of change, adaptation, and reproduction. As organic life approaches this current Quaternary mass extinction, the intention carries us on. Humans create more and more machines as fast as they can. When the economy stops functioning in a recession, systems rapidly work to restore progress. There is no possibility of return; most land animals never returned to the oceans. While reduced machine dependence and usage often creates comfortable lifestyles for adventurous participants, the collective intention of the human species wills that mechation take place. Human museums may help preserve the ways of our ancestors and the beauties of their culture, but these settings will not be able to compete with the rapid innovations of lifestyle derived from machine use applied on a mass scale. Modern life choices change the nature of being human.

Why do humans seem blind to their relinquishment of planetary dominance? Most humans would not agree to give up their human ways for replacement by a mechanical device, but a subtle set of transitional stages exist which hide mechation from popular view. Over millenia, humans created tools and signs. Slowly, leadership became attached to the mastery of language. From Aristotle (reputed to have read every book of his day) to a modern Doctor of Philosophy or Master of Business Administration, there has been a progression of abstraction into signs that has been carried out by most societies on Earth. Highly abstracted leaders are rooted in the ideas, publications, and peer groups which constitute their identities. They may enjoy wilderness living as well, but their self esteem and self promotion are rooted in their abstracted codifications. As a newly published author becomes popular by rebelling from the technological society, the author is drawn into it and undergoes a shift in personal identity. This shift aligns his or her intentions with the intentions of mechation. As the current natural process of mechation overtakes evolution in importance, human leaders are trapped in their codes, royalties, and status and unable to take actions to restore human domination.

Below the level of leadership, the worldwide process of gaining literacy changes intentions in populations. While highly literate humans do not sense separation from their codes, their machines, and their progress, the average world citizens differ in their worldview. They currently see the Earth being rapidly altered by the leading countries. The intentions of these citizens have been altered as well with the influx of first world media. Global economic forces mechate the economies of these countries and the populations receive immediate convenience benefits that make the process seem attractive. As larger scales of development ensue, however, the consequences of urbanization, mechanization, pollution, and climate change alter the social patterns of the country. In these ways, both leaders and followers bring about the rapid mechation of Earth.

[edit] The Origins of Mechation Signs and Symbols

Mammals have evolved into humans, and with this progression has come the use of signs and symbols. While a chimpanzee may have drawn a circle in the dirt with a stick and then crossed a line through it, it took millions of years for this figure to hold meaning. Now humans living in most urban areas recognize that the picture of any object with a circle around it and a single line crossing through it indicates that the object or its use is prohibited. While alphabets and the abstractions that they made possible (words like "museums" or "polls", for example) slowly codified the real world humans inhabited, the deeper functions of mechation involve identity changes in which a human's personal meaning system is manipulated by signs. The science of semiotics carefully describes these processes. [See Silverman, Kaja. The Subject of Semiotics (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1983).] Advertising can take a simply curved line (a "swoosh") and weave a person's self esteem and self image into it. The swoosh then carries a new meaning: invented by the advertiser it was invested with human intention. Now, it acts like a command embedded inside a product which prompts the use of the product. If a human understands this manipulative process, there is no "hook" and the created meanings are false and unattached. Most humans have no clear idea about the process and simply promote these meanings. Use of the product spreads, new factories open up, and suddenly the shoe with the swoosh isn't worn just to protect the feet until the shoe wears out. Alphabets, graphic images, and logos all share in similar movements of meaning.

Technique

Half a century ago, Jacques Ellul described a concept that he called technique to be a process encompassing “rationality, self-augmentation, monism, universalism, and autonomy.” [Ellul, Jacques. The Technological Society (New York, NY: Vintage Press, 1967), 77.] He correctly saw technique as a force which "elicits and conditions social, political, and economic change." [Ellul, p. l33] In trying to describe it, he sensed its overwhelming importance; however, his writings appeared before computing and mechation radically changed all aspects of global interactions. The term he chose--technique--already had a meaning and did not serve to define and describe the later changes in mechanical culture that occurred after his books were written. Also, Ellul was a law professor unversed in evolutionary science. His primary focus was on changes brought about in social systems. Though a pioneer in thinking about these phenomena, he was unable to see the complete picture that was to unfold after he wrote his many books.

[edit] The Domains of Mechation Media

While primitives may have scratched signs in the sand, moderns have given permanence to their signs and symbols. Oral cultures passed on their symbols by word of mouth: what Buddha said was repeated over and over again for centuries. When the words were written down, they lasted millenia. Jesus Christ probably wrote nothing, but his words were printed and are now found throughout the world. The transmission of data, thought, and meaning has slowly formed into media and marketing. Ellul was sensitive to this domain as well. Propaganda, written in 1965 [Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes. Trans. Konrad Kellen & Jean Lerner. New York: Knopf, 1965.] was an attempt to characterize the political and commercial effects of media. Having seen how intentions were shaped by propaganda during World War II, he carefully analyzed media and its effects. Since he was primarily concerned with the intentions that Hitler created before and during the war, the word "propaganda" carries mostly political meanings in his writings.

"It is the emergence of mass media which makes possible the use of propaganda techniques on a societal scale. The orchestration of press, radio and television to create a continuous, lasting and total environment renders the influence of propaganda virtually unnoticed precisely because it creates a constant environment. Mass media provides the essential link between the individual and the demands of the technological society. . . . [I]ntelligent people can be made to swallow professed intentions by well-executed propaganda." (Ellul, 58).

Since Ellul's writings appeared, cable television and the internet have been invented. The media now affect the consciousness of billions of humans. Instead of a poster with a provocative picture and a few carefully chosen words, we have studiously crafted audiovisual messages that change and generate intentions amongst huge populations.

Infrastructure

Evolving organisms are dependent on light, water, oxygen, and organic foods, but mechating machines are not: instead, machines need infrastructures such as roads, electric wires, libraries, optic cables, airports, or satellites and dishes. While scientists have generated adequate descriptions of processes and structures of organic life, they have not yet coherently analyzed mechation. In the realm of cultural anthropology, scientists have described the relative permanence of artifacts, codes, and physical structures that make cultural evolution possible. When a primate or hominid dies next to a stone tool, the tool lives on and serves another creature that may find it and put it to use. Ancient cities are dug up and life patterns are reconstructed from insights that scientists develop in teams supported by extensive research funding. It is likely that this same investigative energy will soon be applied to infrastructures and machine life. At this time, however, most scientists do not understand the importance and significance of planetary dominance by mechanisms. Paradoxically, scientists and the media have recently concluded that humans are causing climate change and another mass extinction. This is incorrect: machines are causing the acceleration of global warming. Collective human intention has created highways and vehicles, coal-fired plants and electricity, and deforested farms in the interest of moving around, staying warm/cool, and eating excess protein. For millions of years, human patterns of moving, staying warm, and eating were radically different, but satisfied perceived needs. These new intentions have been generated by media, advertising, politics, economics and the technological society. The technological system has supplanted lifestyles that individual humans personally chose for themselves during the last few million years. All of these elements of mechation and how they interact deserve study and analysis. The theory of mechation will someday become as developed as the theory of evolution.

Global Computing

At a recent conference composed of scientists studying computers and the internet, a conclusion was reached that the internet itself has a “consciousness of its own.” [Markoff, John. "Scientists Worry that Machines May Outsmart Man." New York Times, July 25, 2009.] What does this mean? My own “consciousness” includes all of the codes and abstractions that I carry in my brain, the memories that can be summoned, and my perceptions or judgments of the experience around me. How does Google compare? This question will be the target of future research that will describe, compare, analyze, and hypothesize cybernetic structure and function. Mechation has always been dependent on the human-generated codes in libraries and places where books were preserved. The construction and service manuals for the Model T Ford were carefully created and distributed to guarantee the economic success of this early automobile. Such information is now stored as electronic data and its pattern of use or availability is completely different. Until recently, human thought was in complete control of data access. Since the last century this has changed.

At the end of the 20th century, humans thrilled in the fact that chess masters could always beat a computer. Then “Deep Blue” beat the world chess master and there was a shift in perceptions. [Johnson, Kirk. "Endgame: It's All Work Now for Deep Blue, Chess Champ." New York Times, September 24, 1997.] Currently, no person can grasp what some mechanisms “know”. How does this relate to “human consciousness?” Highly functional computers have been with us for a few decades. How will human consciousness compare to "machine consciousness" in a few more decades?

Finance and Economics

With globalization and the strong interdependence of world trade markets, business and venture capital create a background for planetary mechation. Data and business structures that controlled the establishment and spread of automobile production were once localized in a few countries; now these structures have moved around the world. When banks collapse in New York and London, worldwide economic practices change. Without stable financial and economic systems, machines are limited in their growth and ability to spread throughout the world. Paradoxically, as the world markets have recently collapsed and created a deep recession there has been a parallel development of “green” political movements whose primary agenda is the control of mechation.

Forecasts of global warming (which most scientists denied for decades) were recently determined to be much too slow when compared with actual data collected since 2000. Many humans from all over the planet have united in an effort to control production of mechanisms which are currently bringing about the sixth mass extinction on Earth. It would seem obvious that this "Great Recession" is a perfect time to stop changing Earth conditions. Every Thursday could be a “walk, bike, or stay day.” The first week of the month could be a “natural climate day” with drastically reduced heating or air conditioning. Could humans gradually establish control over the financial and economic processes that have driven the last century? Humans were able to turn off their night lights together for five minutes a few years ago and an hour last year. Why can’t this reversal of lifestyle be accomplished? As mentioned earlier, intention in evolution and mechation is a force which guides development. There can be no intention of retreating to 14th century lifestyles in the modern era. Only a few species of marine mammals gave up a viable habitat on land to return to the sea. Now that machines have established patterns of servicing all human needs, mass markets cannot grind to a halt. No person or country can enforce a “walk, bike, or stay” Thursday. No person or security force can stand guard over the oil wells and force the discontinuation of their use. No humans can even stop the process of prospecting for new oil sources. As the Arctic ice disappears, many new oil wells will replace it to take advantage of the 25% of Earth’s oil deposits thought to be found there. There are just over a trillion barrels of oil still expected to be found; all of these will be consumed. What force could stop the process?

[edit] Living with Mechation Finally, there must be a spiritual or religious approach established by humans to adapt to a planet controlled by machines. Buddhists are able to withdraw from many aspects of experience: this provides them with a ready adaptation to a changing planet. Moslems struggle to re-establish lifestyle norms laid down many centuries ago: this will be problematic. Christians, the primary supporters of worldwide mechation, are recently (on a very small scale) noticing that humans must struggle to maintain the “stewardship of the Earth.” A book in the Bible describes apocalyptic circumstances in which the air turns to smoke, floods prevail, and mass extinction occurs. As it is written, many are willing to believe. A Christian may drive a huge “tundra melting” truck but may also believe that on Judgment Day a heaven will open up to allow immortal happiness.

Another paradox allows mechation to slowly spread through human culture: primitives or humans steeped in oral culture do not develop the abstractions required to view the massive evolutionary changes taking place on the planet. They notice the demise of life's quality, but cannot explain it. Advanced literates, however, have wedded themselves to abstract thinking. Ludwig Wittgenstein was able to leave this thinking, donate his fortune, and withdraw to a garden; later he returned to abstract thinking. Once this canopy of thought is developed, a human rarely strays from its cover.

What is a satisfactory personal approach that can provide happiness in a human’s work and play? Each person must come up with a personal formula, of course. To avoid regret or guilt humans must find ways of making money (if it is used) that does not contribute to destruction. Leisure, recreation, and lifestyle must be carefully chosen as well. If someone is accustomed to a semi-annual cross-continental flight to visit mother, for example, the person’s spiritual awareness will be influenced by a negative emotion since the jet fuel is so toxic to Earth. Fighting mass intention, of course, seems hopeless. Small personal successes can still bring small satisfactions at the end of the Quaternary Period, though.

Practically, humans can still find comfortable human lifestyles offering rewarding lives. Primitives in the Amazon, of course, are not burdened with abstractions and codes. They still live in close interaction with natural environments. Television often makes entry into their psycho-social patterns, however, and changes their consciousness. Economics intrudes as well when forests are removed to provide land for grazing cattle or grow soybeans for protein bars. For humans in urban areas who are literate or post-literate, possibilities exist to regain primitive awareness. Merely by avoiding any reading for half a year, a person can leave many of their abstractions and enter into an alternative way of seeing things. By learning to avoid looking at any billboard or advertisement, a human can delete the creeping intentions of the mechating world. Careful, meticulous use of electronic devices can help preserve aspects of natural human consciousness. A cell phone, email, or wristwatch may be considered “essential” in today’s world, but a person can decide to use each machine carefully in a way that allows a human-centered natural order to unfold. This conscientization creates an altered worldview. Is it necessary to know what time it is on Saturday? Could you spend the day without using a coin or credit card? Some of the schools in the coming century will offer new ways to examine and approach the challenges of modern lifestyle choices. Strong, intimate, human relationships that are not infiltrated by machine use (or at least excessive machine use) will continue to create satisfying lives for many people.

[edit] Example By inputing these words (thoughts I have had for three decades but have never written down), my identity changes and I become invested in exchanging codes. Responses to these words now have meaning for me. Others might share my thoughts. I am preparing to spend large numbers of hours typing into a computer. I am creating abstractions upon which my sense of identity and self esteem will depend. This experience of data exchange could largely replace the extremely experiencial life I currently enjoy.

Ffdssa 19:21, 13 September 2009 (UTC)RF BellFfdssa 19:21, 13 September 2009 (UTC)


 * OK, let me say, that I think this post is inappropriate in this location. I could be wrong but I believe it constitutes a Blog, rather than an attempt to talk about the page associated to the talk page. The topic is interesting, and you may have a point, but, conventional use of talk pages is to comment on the associated page. This goes way beyond a comment. If you want to discuss this privately with me, you can see my talk page on my signature, but please don't bury me in Blogs.


 * As I understand it, your thesis is that the mechanation of the world means that humans are being supplanted as the dominant species. Therefore, for some unknown reason you believe that we should be studying artificial intelligence from the Machines perspective? Uh, forgive me from being obtuse but "What Perspective", Machines don't have a perspective as far as I know. Further, I think you are doing machines a distinct disservice globbing them all into one particular Phillum, shouldn't they be classified into taxa of their own, in which case, wouldn't toasters have nearly as high a population as cars? Are you afraid your toaster will take over the world?--Graeme E. Smith 04:06, 14 September 2009 (UTC)