Talk:Evidence-based assessment/Conduct disorder (assessment portfolio)

Audit Log: 2022
''Please adjust to the given year and type any comments/edit ideas you have under the given section they apply to. Then please sign your name using four tildas (~) If replicated for another audit, please copy this template and paste above, adjusting the year. This ensures those edits are seen first.''

Questions?
''Please type any questions you have under the given section they apply to. Then please sign your name using four tildas (~)''

Comments
''Please type any questions you have under the given section they apply to. Then please sign your name using four tildas (~)''

Comments, HGAPS meeting 03/1/2018
General to-dos

Demographic information
Base rate updating?

Diagnosis
Some extra DSM criteria listed? Screeners updates? Some psychometric properties go back to 1985 Fill in information on measures (eg: reporter, age range, PDF versions, etc.) Fill references with meta-analyses for measures, treatment

Diagnostic changes in DSM-5
DSM-5 contains several new depressive disorders, including
 * disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
 * premenstrual dysphoric disorder

DSM-5 conceptualizes chronic forms of depression in a somewhat modified way. What was referred to as dysthymia in DSM-IV now falls under the category of persistent depressive disorder.

Major depressive disorder
Neither the core criterion symptoms applied to the diagnosis of major depressive episode nor the requisite duration of at least 2 weeks has changed from DSM-IV. Criterion A for a major depressive episode in DSM-5 is identical to that of DSM-IV, as is the requirement for clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of life, although this is now listed as Criterion B rather than Criterion C. The coexistence within a major depressive episode of at least three manic symptoms (insufficient to satisfy criteria for a manic episode) is now acknowledged by the specifier “with mixed features.” The presence of mixed features in an episode of major depressive disorder increases the likelihood that the illness exists in a bipolar spectrum; however, if the individual concerned has never met criteria for a manic or hypomanic episode, the diagnosis of major depressive disorder is retained.

In DSM-IV, there was an exclusion criterion for a major depressive episode that was applied to depressive symptoms lasting less than 2 months following the death of a loved one (i.e., the bereavement exclusion). Hkim243 (discuss • contribs) 22:33, 8 March 2018 (UTC)

Treatment
Fill references with meta-analyses for measures, treatment

ICD-11
ICD-11 dropped at the end of 2018. Let's review and add the criteria and links to WHO pages, etc.

DSM-5 criteria
The essential feature of Conduct Disorder is a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated, as manifested by the presence of at least three of the following 15 criteria in the past 12 months from any of the categories below, with at least one criterion present in the past 6 months:

Aggression to People and Animals

Aggression to people and animals entails often bullying, threatening, or intimidating others. It can also be displayed through often initiating physical fights, and/or if the patient has used a weapon that can cause serious physical harm to others (e.g., a bat, brick, broken bottle, knife, gun). Aggression could also just be being physically cruel to people and animals, having stolen something while confronting a victim (e.g., mugging, purse snatching, extortion, armed robbery), or having forced someone into sexual activity.

Destruction of Property

Destruction of property includes deliberately setting fires with the intention of causing serious damage to property, and/or the destruction or property by means other than a fire.

Deceitfulness or Theft

This category includes whether the patient has broken into or onto someone else's private property (ex: car, house, building), has often told lies to obtain goods or favors or to avoid obligations (ex: "conning" others), and/or has stolen items of nontrivial value while confronting a victim (ex: forgery).

Serious Violations of Rules

Beyond just normal rule breaking, this kind of activity includes staying out at night despite parental prohibitions beginning before age 13, running away from home overnight at least twice while living in the parental or parental surrogate home, running away once without returning for a lengthy period of time, and/or is often truant from school beginning before age 13. The disturbance in behavior causes clinically significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning.

If the individual is age 18 years or older, criteria are not met for antisocial personality disorder.

Specify whether:
 * 81 (F91.1) Childhood-onset type: Individuals show at least one symptom characteristic of conduct disorder prior to age 10 years.
 * 82 (F91.2) Adolescent-onset type: Individuals show no symptom characteristic of conduct disorder prior to age 10 years.
 * 89 (F91.9) Unspecified onset: Criteria for a diagnosis of conduct disorder are met, but there is not enough information available to determine whether the onset of the first symptom was before or after age 10 years.

Specify current severity:
 * With limited prosocial emotions: To qualify for this specifier, an individual must have displayed at least two of the following characteristics persistently over at least 12 months and in multiple relationships and settings. These characteristics reflect the individual’s typical pattern of interpersonal and emotional functioning over this period and not just occasional occurrences in some situations. Thus, to assess the criteria for the specifier, multiple information sources are necessary. In addition to the individual’s self-report, it is necessary to consider reports by others who have known the individual for extended periods of time (e.g., parents, teachers, co-workers, extended family members, peers).
 * Lack of remorse or guilt: Does not feel bad or guilty when he or she does something wrong (exclude remorse when expressed only when caught and/or facing punishment). The individual shows a general lack of concern about the negative consequences of his or her actions. For example, the individual is not remorseful after hurting someone or does not care about the consequences of breaking rules.
 * Callous—lack of empathy: Disregards and is unconcerned about the feelings of others. The individual is described as cold and uncaring. The person appears more concerned about the effects of his or her actions on himself or herself, rather than their effects on others, even when they result in substantial harm to others.
 * Unconcerned about performance: Does not show concern about poor/problematic performance at school, at work, or in other important activities. The individual does not put forth the effort necessary to perform well, even when expectations are clear, and typically blames others for his or her poor performance.
 * Shallow or deficient affect: Does not express feelings or show emotions to others, except in ways that seem shallow, insincere, or superficial (e.g., actions contradict the emotion displayed; can turn emotions “on” or “off” quickly) or when emotional expressions are used for gain (e.g., emotions displayed to manipulate or intimidate others).
 * Mild: Few if any conduct problems in excess of those required to make the diagnosis are present, and conduct problems cause relatively minor harm to others (e.g., lying, truancy, staying out after dark without permission, other rule breaking).
 * Moderate: The number of conduct problems and the effect on others are intermediate between those specified in “mild” and those in “severe” (e.g., stealing without confronting a victim, vandalism).
 * Severe: Many conduct problems in excess of those required to make the diagnosis are present, or conduct problems cause considerable harm to others (e.g., forced sex, physical cruelty, use of a weapon, stealing while confronting a victim, breaking and entering).

Diagnostic changes
The same 4 domains of symptoms are used in DSM-IV as in DSM-5, and of these, 3 of the 4 must have been present in the last twelve months for diagnosis: The changes in DSM-5 to conduct disorder are as follows:
 * aggression to people or animals;
 * destruction of property;
 * deceitfulness or theft;
 * serious violations of rules.
 * what is the compliance test?
 * 1) A descriptive specifier has been added for individuals who meet full criteria for the disorder;
 * 2) This specifier applies to those with conduct disorder who show a callous and unemotional interpersonal style across multiple settings and relationships.

Hkim243 (discuss • contribs) 22:40, 8 March 2018 (UTC)

Process and outcome measures
Lizzie's notes: Base rates of conduct disorder in different clinical settings and populations needs new info.

Need updated link for ASEBA