United Nations/One UN

The world faces global challenges in area of e.g. triggered by climate change. Multidisciplinary efforts are necessary to solve these problems and thus improvement of links between different UN Organisations could help support this collaborative efforts of mankind.
 * security and peace,
 * economy,
 * health,
 * environment,

In this learning resource you will be introduces to the concept of One United Nations.

Learning Task

 * (Global Challenges) Global Challenges need a integrated problem solving approach considering social, humanitarian, economical, environmental, ... factors that determine the risk on a global scale. Explain the role of One United Nations to contribute to global challenges like Climate Change.
 * (One Health) Explain conceptual similarities differences between One Health and One United Nations. One Health connects human, animal and environmental health as a joint collaborative problem solving strategy.
 * Identify United Nations Bodies, Programmes and Agenciesm that need to work together for an One Health approach,
 * Aa an example we select a huge flooding in a developing country. To assess the extend of a flooding you can use satellite images and provide rapid mapping . The disaster management agencies and NGOs support governments and local affected communities (see UN-SPIDER and UNDAC). Due to damages of the supply chain in infrastructure Cholera epidemic occur especially in developing countries (see WHO). Meteorology is important for an assessment upcoming and spatial risk assessment (see WMO). Furthermore extreme rainfalls cause massive socio-economic impact. Analyse current activities in that area within the agency and how they are linked to eachother.
 * Describe the benefits and challenges on United Nations is "Delivering as One".
 * (Health, Security, Operational Infrastructure and Disease Control) Ebola outbrake seem to be health related issues, that WHO is responsible for. Due to fact that Ebola is a high infectious disease a rising epidemic causes an impact on public security and as an implication of the fact the availability of public services and infrastructure including economic supply chains. Analyse the last Ebola outbreak in terms of implications and impacts beyond health related issues. Furthermore even available risk mitigation effort (e.g. by Medicine Sans Frontiere ) are affected if public security for the doctors and medical staff cannot be assured. A major humanitarian support and a very important activity for the disease control cannot be performed, if they staff cannot operate in an affected region anymore. Analyse the disease and create a MindMap (e.g. with the opensource tool FreeMind of affected infrastructure of the health service delivery and beyond.

Introduction
The examples in the learning task show that intergovernmental decision-making on the operational activities of the United Nations system have a lot of cross-sectorial dependencies. Especially with time constraints in major disasters the governmental decision making can be dependent on international support coordinated by United Nations. To enhance coherence,  efficiency  and  effectiveness is a driver for "One United Nations". The necessary expertise in intergovermental decision-making in an agency like WHO is linked to other areas. The concept of “Delivering as  one” is domain and problem specific. As the examples in the learning task show, WHO would be linked to other UN bodies, agencies and programmes for Ebola in comparsion to a flooding. Both examples are humanitarian, socio-economic disasters, but the role of meteorology in the problem solving approach is different.

Background to “Delivering as one”
In United Nation any new approach needs an aggreement among the member states. In 2005 the World  Summit Outcome delivered by General  Assembly  resolution  60/1 identified these challenges in many areas and thus the resolutions contained suggestions  on  making  the  United  Nations  development  system  more  coherent,  effective  and  relevant for the internal member states decision making and intergovermental affairs that affect more UN Member States. Beside the fact that operational  reforms are recommended a systems thinking approach is visible in aimed at strengthening the results of United Nations country activities through such measures as  an  enhanced  role  for  the  senior  resident  official,  whether  special representative, resident  coordinator  or  humanitarian  coordinator,  and  a  common management, programming and monitoring framework.

Opimization, Efficiency and Synergy
The application of then One UN concept and the potential benefits will be demonstrated by joined usage of satellite images. Satellite images are used within the UN system in many offices and department , If different UN organisations, bodies or programmes buy the same satellite images separately on a individual basis. In the official United Nation Document A/67/780 of the General Assembly the Advisory  Committee  notes  the  Secretary-General’s  statement  as  to  the  increasingly  complex  and  multidisciplinary  nature  of operations that need geographical  information  systems and  an integrated ICT   infrastructure. The programmes and organisations mentioned above itself have systemic links of topics especially, when Sustainable Development Goals are considered. From an IT-perspective an integration After a period of producing separate and inconsistent estimates of occupational burden of disease, WHO and the ILO are now producing the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury, thereby improving policy coherence and partnerships for development.
 * UNOOSA/SPIDER
 * UN-DPKO,
 * UN-OCHA,
 * UN-HCR,
 * UN-WFP
 * FAO,
 * UNODC,
 * UNDP,
 * UNEP
 * UN-Habitat
 * UN-ESCAP
 * UN-ECA
 * WHO
 * UN-GlobalPulse - predictive analytics
 * IAEA - monitoring atomic power plants,
 * CTBTO
 * UNITAR/UNOSAT
 * UNOLA,
 * UNCCD - monitor desertification and degradation of land
 * reduces the cost by not buying satellite images multiple times by different organisations or programmes and
 * joint IT-infrastructure allows transdisciplinary collaboration and interoperability between organisations and programmes according to peace-keeping operations, that need e.g. economy, health, environment aspects to be addressed jointly if the mandate of the organisations and programmes allows that. The  Committee   therefore   recommended in 2013 that  the  Secretary-General   should   be requested   to   identify   the  geographical   information   services   and   systems  provided  by  all  departments  and  offices  of  the  Secretariat.  While  recognizing  the  specific  operational  needs  and  constraints  of  peacekeeping  operations,  the  Committee is of the view that a common infrastructure (such as satellite images and   place   names)   could   be   shared   across   the   Organization.   It   further   recommends  that  the  Secretary-General  be  requested  to  consider  options  for  making  available  the  infrastructure  developed  for  peacekeeping  operations  to  the other departments and offices of the Secretariat.

Levels of One United Nations

 * intergovernmental decision-making on the operational activities of the United Nations system for development.
 * individual linking of agencies for effective sharing of resources (e.g. satellite images during major disasters).
 * Community of Practice as participatory approaches to tailor activities to local and regional requirements and constraints (see Expert Focus Group for Space and Global Health

Organisations and Programmes

 * World Health Organisation (WHO)
 * United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC)
 * UN-SPIDER - Link Space Technology with Disaster Management Community
 * United Nations Foundation connecting with United Nations