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Physically-based rendering is a shading method in computer graphics that aims to simulate how light interacts with certain materials.

Light
Light is one of the most important aspects of a 3D render and can elevate it to the next level of realism. Many different models and algorithms attempt to simulate the complexities of light, each with its own purpose. Real-time lighting models’ goal is to simulate light in the quickest, most efficient way possible while still looking as realistic as it can. This is mainly used when images are needed to be rendered multiple times a second. Most 3D video games use this method, as they usually need to render a frame at least sixty times a second (to achieve a frame rate of 60 FPS). On the flip side, offline/pre-rendering lighting models’ goal is to simulate light as realistically as possible, regardless of how long it takes. This is used when the image, or sequence of images, never changes, so the amount of time it takes to render it does not matter. This method is utilized in 3D animated movies/videos, CGI for live-action movies/videos, and 3D rendered still images. These two methods have many different models, but this article will only go over the basics.