User:Alandmanson/Hymenoptera of Africa - Encyrtidae key 3

120 Mandible with only two teeth; paratergites usually present; usually without coarse setae at edge of speculum; cercal plates often advanced. Mealybug parasitoids
[Mandible with only two acute or subacute teeth (figs 37, 38 of the Prinsloo-Annecke key[1]). Paratergites (fig. 39 of the Prinsloo-Annecke key[1]) usually present, plainly visible in cleared, slide-mounted specimens; speculum of fore wing usually lacking a row of coarse, spine-like setae along outer edge of speculum; cercal plates often advanced to a level near base of metasoma; exclusively parasitic in Pseudococcidae (from 43)]


 * 120a Antennal funicle seven-segmented -
 *  Alamella Agarwal, 1966
 * 5 species worldwide; 1 Afrotropical species:
 * Alamella flava Agarwal (5)


 * 120b Club two-segmented; head and body without metallic lustre; maxillary palpi each with three segments, the labial with two. Funicle with six or fewer segments........ 121

121

 * 121a Scutellum with a posterior flange or lamella (cf. fig. 15); in profile this flange shows as a thin flat caudal projection of the scutellum. Body often black, the head dark metallic green; antenna long, slender, the scape cylindrical; marginal and postmarginal veins long -
 *  Ericydnus Haliday, 1832
 * 33 species worldwide; Afrotropical species?
 * Ericydnus sp. - 2 specimens at ARC-PPRI (https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/search?dataset_key=b2ee8537-2a6c-4b4b-965a-538b47788606&taxon_key=1378896)


 * 121b Scutellum without a flange........ 122

122

 * 122a Head prognathous (fig. 94), elongate and flattened in dorsal view, almost as long as thorax (fig. 95), the eyes elongate, in dorsal view occupying almost whole of head laterally; antenna (fig. 96) extremely large, foliaceously flattened, the club three-segmented -
 *  Monstranusia Trjapitzin, 1964
 * 3 species worldwide; 2 Afrotropical species:
 * Monstranusia antennata (Narayanan) (1)
 * Monstranusia mirabilissima Trjapitzin (4)


 * 122b Head otherwise; if antenna foliaceously flattened, then club not segmented................123

123

 * 123a Antenna nine-segmented........ 124
 * 123b Antenna ten or eleven-segmented........ 126

124

 * 124a Fore wing distinctly infuscated with hyaline patches (fig. 97). Head .and body largely metallic in colour; antenna sometimes foliaceously flattened; ovipositor often strongly protruded at apex of metasoma; male antenna with funicle six-segmented, segments II – V each with a ramus -
 *  Tetracnemus Westwood, 1837
 * 37 species worldwide; 2 Afrotropical species:
 * Tetracnemus bifasciatellus (Mercet) (1)
 * Tetracnemus gumilevi Pilipjuk and Trjapitzin (1)


 * 124b Fore wing entirely hyaline........ 125

125

 * 125a Head and body entirely metallic green to blue-green in colour; antenna (fig. 111) long, the fumcle and club broad, somewhat laterally compressed -
 *  Callaincyrtus Prinsloo & Annecke, 1979
 * 1 species worldwide; 1 Afrotropical species:
 * Callaincyrtus decorus - no known associates (South Africa, Zimbabwe)


 * 125b Head and body at most with faint metallic refringence on frontovertex, face and thoracic dorsum; antenna not particularly slender, the segments not flattened -
 *  Allocerellus Silvestri, 1915
 * This genus was reviewed in 1995: Prinsloo, G. L. (1995). The encyrtid genus Allocerellus Silvestri (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), parasitoids of mealybugs (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Insect Systematics & Evolution, 26(2), 167-179.
 * 12 species worldwide; 12 Afrotropical species:
 *  Allocerellus ater Prinsloo (1)
 *  Allocerellus bizonatus Annecke and Mynhardt (3)
 *  Allocerellus curtus Prinsloo (1)
 *  Allocerellus hortensis Annecke and Mynhardt (2)
 *  Allocerellus inquirendus Silvestri (2)
 *  Allocerellus mimus Prinsloo (1)
 *  Allocerellus notatus Prinsloo (1)
 *  Allocerellus orestes Annecke and Mynhardt (4)
 *  Allocerellus paulus Annecke and Mynhardt (3)
 *  Allocerellus venustus Annecke and Mynhardt (4)
 *  Allocerellus vittatus Annecke and Mynhardt (4)
 *  Allocerellus zonatus Annecke and Mynhardt (4)

126

 * 126a Antenna ten-segmented, the club with two segments........ 127
 * 126b Antenna eleven-segmented, the club three-segmented........ 128

127

 * 127a Head and body flatlened dorsoventrally; maxillary palpi each with two segments, the labial not segmented. Small species, weakly sclerotized, usually yellowish, without metallic refringence; marginal and postmarginal veins short or punctiform - [[File:Rhopus nigroclavatus Moravvej 2018 Encyrtidae of Khuzestan in southwestern Iran a.jpg|thumb|Rhopus nigroclavatus, Iran]]
 * Rhopus Foerster, 1856
 * This genus was reviewed in 1989: Prinsloo, G. L. (1989). The southern African species of Astymachus Howard and Rhopus Foerster (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of southern Africa, 52(1), 129-147.
 * 70 species worldwide; 7 Afrotropical species:
 *  Rhopus adustus Prinsloo (2)
 *  Rhopus discretus Prinsloo (1)
 *  Rhopus geminus Prinsloo (2)
 *  Rhopus luridus Prinsloo (1)
 *  Rhopus notius Prinsloo (2)
 *  Rhopus pilatus Prinsloo (1)
 *  Rhopus urbanus Prinsloo (2)


 * 127b Head and body not flattened dorsoventrally; maxillary palpi each with three segments, the labial each with two -
 *  Allocerellus Silvestri, 1915
 * 12 species worldwide; 12 Afrotropical species:
 * See step 125

128

 * 128a Frontovertex (fig. 98) densely pitted, the pits with a metallic green lustre; antennal scape subcylindical. Dominantly black species, the fore wing entirely and strongly infuscated; cephalic margin of fore wing forming an incision at apex of submarginal vein; male antenna with six transverse funicle segments and a long unsegmented banana-shaped club - Aenasius 2019 08 25 9692.jpg
 *  Aenasius Walker, 1846
 * Chalcaspis Howard, 1895 is a synonym of  Aenasius
 * 42 species worldwide; 7 Afrotropical species:
 *  Aenasius abengouroui (Risbec) (4)
 *  Aenasius advena Compere (9)
 *  Aenasius comperei (Kerrich) (4)
 *  Aenasius flandersi Kerrich (1)
 *  Aenasius hyettus (Walker) (1)
 *  Aenasius martinii (Compere) (4)
 *  Aenasius phenacocci (Ashmead) (1)


 * 128b Frontovertex at most punctate, the punctations not refringent........ 129

129

 * 129a Head and body flattened dorsoventrally; maxillary palpi each with two segments, the labial not segmented. Small species, weakly sclerotized, usually yellowish, without metallic refringence; marginal and postmarginal veins very short or punctiform - [[File:Rhopus nigroclavatus Moravvej 2018 Encyrtidae of Khuzestan in southwestern Iran a.jpg|thumb|Rhopus nigroclavatus, Iran]]
 *  Rhopus Foerster, 1856
 * This genus was reviewed in 1989: Prinsloo, G. L. (1989). The southern African species of Astymachus Howard and Rhopus Foerster (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of southern Africa, 52(1), 129-147.
 * 70 species worldwide; 7 Afrotropical species:
 * See step 127


 * 129b Head and body not flattened dorsoventrally; palpi otherwise........ 130

130

 * 130a Maxillary palpi each with three segments, the labial each with two................131
 * 130b Maxillary palpi each with four segments, the labial three-segmented........ 132

131

 * 13a1 Antenna (fig. 99) long, filiform, the funicle segments all plainly longer than wide; postmarginal vein (fig. 100) of fore wing long, extending to a level well beyond apex of stigmal; small species. Fore wing hyaline or partly infuscated -
 *  Leptomastidea Mercet, 1916
 * This genus was reviewed in 2001: Prinsloo, G.L. 2001, The aftrotropical species of Leptomastidea Mercet (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitoids of mealybugs. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 10(2):158-159. Includes photos of fore wings.
 * 23 species worldwide; 8 Afrotropical species:
 *  Leptomastidea abnormis (Girault) (12)
 *  Leptomastidea ascia Prinsloo (1)
 *  Leptomastidea jeanneli Mercet (5)
 *  Leptomastidea lamto Prinsloo (1)
 *  Leptomastidea pondo Prinsloo (1)
 *  Leptomastidea tecta Prinsloo (1)
 *  Leptomastidea turba Prinsloo (1)
 *  Leptomastidea usta Prinsloo (1)


 * 131b Antenna (fig. 101) not particularly slender, the funicle segments not all longer than wide; postmarginal vein short, shorter than stigmal; larger species - Anagyrus lopezi.jpg
 *  Anagyrus Howard, 1896
 * Doliphoceras Mercet, 1921 is a synonym of  Anagyrus
 * 293 species worldwide; 33 Afrotropical species:
 *  Anagyrus aberiae Guerrieri (1)
 *  Anagyrus abyssinicus Compere (4)
 *  Anagyrus agraensis Saraswat (1)
 *  Anagyrus amnicus Prinsloo (1)
 *  Anagyrus amoenus Compere (5)
 *  Anagyrus antoniae Guerrieri (1)
 *  Anagyrus arambourgi Risbec (1)
 *  Anagyrus arenaria Prinsloo (1)
 *  Anagyrus aurantifrons Compere (6)
 *  Anagyrus bambeyi Risbec (3)
 *  Anagyrus beneficians Compere (7)
 *  Anagyrus bugandaensis Compere (5)
 *  Anagyrus diversicornis (Howard) (11)
 *  Anagyrus fusciventris (Girault) (2)
 *  Anagyrus gracilis (Hayat) (3)
 *  Anagyrus greeni Howard (1)
 *  Anagyrus haroldi Noyes and Hayat (4)
 *  Anagyrus incongruens (Masi) (1)
 *  Anagyrus indicus (Subba Rao) (1)
 *  Anagyrus kivuensis Compere (5)
 *  Anagyrus lopezi (De Santis) (92)
 *  Anagyrus mangicola Noyes (7)
 *  Anagyrus mirzai Agarwal and Alam (3)
 *  Anagyrus nigrescens Compere (5)
 *  Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault) (10)
 *  Anagyrus pullus Compere (7)
 *  Anagyrus rubellus (Annecke) (4)
 *  Anagyrus saccharicola Timberlake (8)
 *  Anagyrus siccus (Prinsloo and Annecke) (3)
 *  Anagyrus subflaviceps (Girault) (2)
 *  Anagyrus subnigricornis Ishii (1)
 *  Anagyrus subproximus (Silvestri) (5)
 *  Anagyrus swezeyi Timberlake (2)

132

 * 132a Antennal funicle with contrasting white and black segments; if rarely unicolorous, then marginal and postmarginal veins very short or punctiform........ 133
 * 132b Funicle unicolorous; marginal and postmarginal veins well developed, the latter often very long........ 134

133

 * 133a Antennal scape moderately to broadly expanded ventrally (fig. 102); fore wing hyaline; frontovertex without punctations -
 *  Anagyrus Howard, 1896
 * 293 species worldwide; 33 Afrotropical species:
 * See step 131b


 * 133b Antennal scape subcylindrical (fig. 121); fore wing weakly to strongly infuscated (fig. 119), at least in the distal three-fourths or so; frontovertex and face with scattered punctations (fig. 118). Basal part of fore wing with setation as in fig. 120; male antenna as in fig. 122 - Apoleptomastix iNat 165108113.jpg
 *  Apoleptomastix Kerrich, 1982
 * Xiphomastix De Santis, 1972 is a synonym of Apoleptomastix
 * 6 species worldwide; 2 Afrotropical species:
 * Apoleptomastix anneckei Pseudococcidae Antonina sp. (Gambia, South Africa, Zimbabwe)
 * Apoleptomastix bicoloricornis Pseudococcidae Brevennia rehi, Coccidohystrix insolita, Heterococcus nigeriensis (Ethiopia, Gambia, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe)

134

 * 134a Fore wing distinctly infuscated with hyaline patches........ 135
 * 134b Fore wing hyaline; if rarely infuscated, then with faint longitudinally infuscated bands........ 136

135

 * 135a Head and body dominantly orange-red; fore wing (fig. 103) tapering towards apex from the level of apex of venation, the wing disc characteristically maculated as in fig. 103; antenna not particularly slender, the scape somewhat expanded ventrally, about three times as long as its greatest width; wings held horizontal in life -
 *  Yasumatsuiola Trjapitzin, 1977
 * 1 species worldwide; No Afrotropical species?
 * Yasumatsuiola orientalis Trjapitzin, 1977 found in Afrotropics?


 * 135b Colour of head and body otherwise; fore wing (fig. 104) long, slender, not tapering towards apex, the latter broadly rounded; wing disc infuscated with hyaline cross-bands or patches; antenna (fig. 105) long and slender, filiform, the scape cylindrical, much more than three times as long as wide; wings held erect in life - Callipteroma sexguttata iNat 150291293.jpg
 *  Callipteroma Motschulsky, 1863
 * 6 species worldwide; 3 Afrotropical species:
 * Callipteroma albiclava Noyes (1)
 * Callipteroma sexguttata Motschulsky (3)
 * Callipteroma testacea Motschulsky (2)

136

 * 136a Scutellum with sculptural cells longitudinally oriented, somewhat raised, giving the disc a striate effect (fig. 114). Mesoscutum with parapsidal sulci (fig. 114); head and body black, shiny, without metallic refringence; male antenna (fig. 11 7) with rami, one each on funicle segments II–V -
 * Neocharitopus Hayat, Alam and Agarwal, 1975
 * Insleyia Prinsloo and Annecke, 1979 is a synonym of Neocharitopus
 * 3 species worldwide; 2 Afrotropical species:
 * Neocharitopus crassus (Prinsloo and Annecke) (3)
 * Neocharitopus solani (Risbec) (1)


 * 136b Sculpture of scutellum otherwise................137

137

 * 137a Antennal scape (fig. 106) moderately to broadly expanded ventrally, or if only slightly expanded, then the ends cylindrical. General colour yellow to orange, without metallic lustre; thorax covered with fine white setae; postmarginal vein long, reaching to a level beyond apex of stigmal -
 *  Gyranusoidea Compere, 1947
 * 44 species worldwide; 11 Afrotropical species:
 * Gyranusoidea austrina Annecke and Mynhardt (4)
 * Gyranusoidea citrina (Compere) (6)
 * Gyranusoidea dilatata Annecke and Mynhardt (4)
 * Gyranusoidea flava Shafee, Alam and Agarwal (1)
 * Gyranusoidea klugei Prinsloo and Annecke (3)
 * Gyranusoidea litura Prinsloo (3)
 * Gyranusoidea munda Annecke (5)
 * Gyranusoidea pauliani (Risbec) (2)
 * Gyranusoidea separata Prinsloo (3)
 * Gyranusoidea signata Annecke and Mynhardt (5)
 * Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes (28)


 * 137b Antennal scape not or hardly expanded ventrally........ 138

138

 * 138a Body always black, with moderate to strong metallic green, blue or purplish refringence. Mesoscutum with incomplete parapsidal sulci; marginal and postmarginal veins long -
 *  Clausenia Ishii, 1923
 * 12 species worldwide; 7 Afrotropical species:
 * Clausenia capensis Annecke and Mynhardt (3)
 * Clausenia comperei Kerrich (4)
 * Clausenia concinna Annecke and Mynhardt (3)
 * Clausenia confusor Kerrich (3)
 * Clausenia corrugata Kerrich (3)
 * Clausenia guineensis Kerrich (3)
 * Clausenia sobrina Annecke and Mynhardt (3)


 * 138b Colour otherwise, if rarely black, then without any metallic refringence........ 139

139

 * 139a Antenna filiform, the basal funicle segment longer than pedicel, often very much so; cercal plates advanced to a level near base of metasoma -
 *  Leptomastix Foerster, 1856
 * 34 species worldwide; 12 Afrotropical species:
 * Leptomastix abyssinica Compere (5)
 * Leptomastix africana Anga and Noyes (1)
 * Leptomastix dactylopii Howard (24)
 * Leptomastix digitariae Risbec (1)
 * Leptomastix flava Mercet (3)
 * Leptomastix herreni Anga and Noyes (1)
 * Leptomastix hibiscusae Risbec (3)
 * Leptomastix jonesi Noyes (1)
 * Leptomastix nigra Compere (6)
 * Leptomastix nigrocincta Risbec (4)
 * Leptomastix nigrocoxalis Compere (6)
 * Leptomastix tsukumiensis Tachikawa (2)


 * 139b Antenna not filiform, the pedicel longer than basal funicle segment; cecal plates placed near apex of metasoma -
 *  Allocerellus Silvestri, 1915
 * 12 species worldwide; 12 Afrotropical species:
 * See step 125