User:ArtB92/sandbox

Introduction
The aim of the project is to be an introduction to the translation of puns, primarily from Polish to English and the other way around. It is designed with university students and would-be translators in mind. Students will be given a theoretical overview of the field – starting from the definition of the pun, the typology of puns and pun translation strategies, the division of puns into vertical and horizontal, and a brief discussion on the subject of the untranslatability of puns. Most of the theoretical part of the project will be based on the work of Dirk Delabastita. Next, students will be given examples of translated puns from various media, in order to demonstrate how puns can be translated, as well as to illustrate the restrictions on translation connected to a work’s chosen medium. Finally, students will be asked to test their translation skills and render a set of puns from English into their chosen language.

Definition
Wordplay is the general name for the various textual phenomena in which structural features of the language(s) used are exploited in order to bring about a communicatively significant confrontation of two (or more) linguistic structures with more or less similar forms and more or less different meanings

Homonymous puns
Homonymous puns are based on both identical spelling and identical pronunciations of words with different meanings

Paronymic puns
Paronymic puns are based on a similarity in both spelling and pronunciation.

Homophonous puns
This kind of pun is created when the punning words have different spelling, but identical pronunciation.

Homographic puns
Homographic puns are created when words with the same spelling, but different pronunciations are contrasted

Puns based on idiomatic expressions
The final type of pun to be included in my analysis is based on the modification of fixed, idiomatic expressions. According to Andrejs Veisbergs, such modification can be either structural or semantic REFERENCE GOES HERE. Structural modification refers to a situation where the structure of the idiom is altered in some way, changing the meaning of the expression – by modifying, adding, omitting or substituting words. In the case of semantic modification, the structure of the idiom remains unchanged; the context in which the idiom is put shifts the meaning and creates a pun.

Verical and horizontal puns
Horizontal pun: What's the difference between a cat and a comma? One has claws at the end of its paws and one is a pause at the end of a clause.

Vertical pun: Once the postal service puts its stamp on you, sir, there’s no turning back. ..

Tanslating puns -- strategies
PUN → PUN

PUN → NON-PUN

PUN → RELATED RHETORICAL DEVICE

PUN → ZERO

PUN S.T. = PUN T.T.

NON-PUN → PUN:

ZERO → PUN

EDITORIAL TECHNIQUES

Puns vs. ambiguous statements
Ambiguity, that is, having more senses than one, is central to punning. However, not all ambigous statements can be considered puns. In order for something to be a pun, it needs to have been intended as such by the author. This can make identifying puns tricky, as we have to determine, whether or not the author actually wanted for something to be a pun, or whether a pun-like ambigous statement is merely a coincidence.