User:Atcovi/AP European History/Unit 5 - French APEuro

See also: User:Atcovi/FrenchRadicalPhase

Majority of population: 3rd estate.


 * Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès - What Is the Third Estate? ("Sieyès argues that the third estate – the common people of France – constituted a complete nation within itself and had no need of the "dead weight" of the two other orders, the first and second estates of the clergy and aristocracy. Sieyès stated that the people wanted genuine representatives in the Estates-General, equal representation to the other two orders taken together, and votes taken by heads and not by orders. These ideas came to have an immense influence on the course of the French Revolution.")
 * Tennis Court Oath (20 June 1789) - "the members of the French Third Estate took the Tennis Court Oath (French: Serment du Jeu de Paume), voting "not to separate and to reassemble wherever necessary, until the Constitution of the kingdom is established". It was a pivotal event in the French Revolution. The Estates-General had been called to address the country's fiscal and agricultural crisis, but they had become bogged down in issues of representation immediately after convening in May 1789, particularly whether they would vote by order or by head (which would increase the power of the Third Estate, as they outnumbered the other two estates by a large margin)." (also known as the National Assembly, 1789-1791)
 * Reforms of the National Assembly
 * 1) Metric System
 * 2) Women could divorce
 * 3) Monopolies, guilds, barriers for trading were impermissible
 * 4) Freedom to practice religion for Jews and Protestants
 * Lettres de cachet - "letters signed by the king of France, countersigned by one of his ministers, and closed with the royal seal. They contained orders directly from the king, often to enforce arbitrary actions and judgments that could not be appealed." ["carte-blanche" warrant], eliminated in 1790.
 * Storming of the Bastille (July 1789) - "The medieval armory, fortress, and political prison known as the Bastille represented royal authority in the centre of Paris. The prison contained only seven inmates at the time of its storming, but was seen by the revolutionaries as a symbol of the monarchy's abuse of power; its fall was the flashpoint of the French Revolution."
 * Great Fear (July-August 1789) - "a general panic that took place between 22 July to 6 August 1789, at the start of the French Revolution. Rural unrest had been present in France since the worsening grain shortage of the spring, and, fueled by rumors of an aristocrats' "famine plot" to starve or burn out the population, both peasants and townspeople mobilized in many regions"
 * Abolition of feudalism in France#August decrees (4–11 August 1789) - equality, renunciation of aristocratic privileges, meritocracy.
 * Tricolor flag created in 1789
 * Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen - "set by France's National Constituent Assembly in 1789, is a human civil rights document from the French Revolution"; "The Declaration was drafted by the Abbé Sieyès and the Marquis de Lafayette, in consultation with Thomas Jefferson.[2] Influenced by the doctrine of "natural right", the rights of man are held to be universal: valid at all times and in every place. It became the basis for a nation of free individuals protected equally by the law".
 * w:Jean-Paul Marat - He would vent his anger out through his newspaper after years of being poor and living in undesirable locations. On October 5, he published a newspaper where a party was thrown in which the tricolor flag was being stomped by the king and nobility. The rumour reaches the fish market in Paris, where women, although they don't care about the tri-color, they care about their bread-situation. "His periodical L'Ami du peuple (Friend of the People) made him an unofficial link with the radical Jacobin group that came to power after June 1793."
 * Women's March on Versailles - "one of the earliest and most significant events of the French Revolution. The march began among women in the marketplaces of Paris who, on the morning of 5 October 1789, were near rioting over the high price and scarcity of bread"
 * Assignat was depreciated over the years.
 * Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen - "also known as the Declaration of the Rights of Woman, was written on 14 September 1791 by French activist, feminist, and playwright Olympe de Gouges in response to the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. By publishing this document on 15 September, de Gouges hoped to expose the failures of the French Revolution in the recognition of gender equality, but failed to create any lasting impact on the direction of the Revolution. As a result of her writings (including the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen), de Gouges was accused, tried and convicted of treason, resulting in her immediate execution, along with the Girondists in the Reign of Terror (one of only three women beheaded during the Reign of Terror – and the only executed for her political writings). The Declaration of the Rights of Woman is significant because it brought attention to a set of feminist concerns that collectively reflected and influenced the aims of many French Revolutionaries."
 * w:Civil Constitution of the Clergy - "a law passed on 12 July 1790 during the French Revolution, that caused the immediate subordination of the Catholic Church in France to the French government".

French Constitution of 1791 - A Bourgeois Government

 * King could get "suspense" veto, no passage of laws for 4 years
 * No control of Army
 * Newly elected legislative assembly
 * Independent judiciary
 * Permanent, elected, single-chamber National Assembly: Power to grant taxation.

Royal family tried to escape, but was caught. King was recongized at Veranes. Executed.