User:Atcovi/AP Government/5/7/2021

Equality

 * Equality of personhood, equal opportunities

The Constitution and Inequality

 * Fourteenth Amendment [1868]
 * Equal protection of the laws
 * Standards of review
 * Reasonable
 * Inherently suspect classifications
 * Race and ethnicity/compelling public interest/no other way to accomplish purpose of law
 * Intermediate scrutiny
 * Gender
 * Substantial relationship to purpose

Slavery

 * 250 yrs of legal slavery
 * Plantation owners had political influence
 * Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
 * Slaves had no legal rights - chattel
 * Invalidated Missouri Compromise
 * End of slavery
 * Union victory in Civil War
 * 13th Amendment (1865)

Reconstruction and Segregation

 * The first ten years
 * Strict federal control of South
 * African American men held office
 * Jim Crow laws
 * Segregation
 * Cradle to grave
 * KKK
 * Plessy v. Ferguson [1896]
 * Separate is ok as long as its equal

Equal Education

 * Higher education
 * McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1950) - "On June 5, 1950, the United States Supreme Court ruled that a public institution of higher learning could not provide different treatment to a student solely because of his/her race as doing so deprived the student of his/her Fourteenth Amendment rights of Equal Protection." en.wiki
 * Sweatt v. Painter (1950) - "The case involved a black man, Heman Marion Sweatt, who was refused admission to the School of Law of the University of Texas, whose president was Theophilus Painter, on the grounds that the Texas State Constitution prohibited integrated education". en.wiki
 * Elementary and secondary education
 * Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
 * Separate inherently unequal, overturned Plessy
 * De jure (by law) versus de facto (by the way we act) discrimination

The Civil Rights Movement and Public Policy

 * Both black and white activists
 * Nonviolent civil disobedience
 * Television key to success
 * Civil Rights Act of 1964
 * Private sector discrimination illegal ["Places of public accommodation" -- anywhere that is generally open to the public]
 * Created EEOC, federal agency that investigates claims of discrimination based on what was outlined in the CRA of 64.
 * Discrimination in housing