User:Atcovi/AP Government/English Charters of Liberty


 * Rome: The Beginning, Peak, and End
 * Common Law
 * William I the Conqueror
 * Blackstone

Charter of Liberties

 * 1110
 * King Henry I wanted the throne so he came up with the Charter of Liberties
 * Consent of the governed
 * Property rights (inheritance will be passed through law and custom, not through purchases)
 * Rule of Law

Magna Carta (The Great Charter)

 * 1215
 * King John of England
 * Contract between king and aristocracy
 * Prevented the king from going above the law - everyone is subject to the law, a fair trial and justice.

British Petition of Rights

 * 1628
 * Against King Charles I by the English Parliament in response to his forced loan (his subjects must give him gifts or be imprisoned) - this violated the Magna Carta, which prevented men to be illegally imprisoned or the king could not hold taxes without consent of the governed. Eventually became a rock-solid part of the law of the UK.
 * No taxation without parliament's permission
 * No illegal imprisonment
 * No marital law during times of peace
 * No stationing soldiers in people's houses

English Bill of Rights

 * 1689
 * In accordance with John Locke's philosophy, also sought out to seek consent from the governed.
 * Limits the monarch's power and rights of Parliament: rights of free speech, free election, etc.
 * Prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment.
 * Protestants able to defend themselves in accordance with the law
 * No taxation without agreement
 * Condemns many actions of James II of England.

Conclusion

 * The Romans constructed England from a nation of various tribes
 * The political structure of the Romans spread down to the Englishmen
 * A notion of individualism was left in the remaining British towns after the downfall of the Romans
 * Conquest of England by William I created a united England - Common Law, stare decisis, Parliament.
 * Modern British history < 1689 = Conflicts between monarch and parliament.