User:Atcovi/German Notes/Kapital 10

= 10A =

10A Fotoroman
Hans has to get money withdrawn from the ATM. George says he never pays with cash and only uses a card ("Ich zahle bar" = "I pay in cash"). Hans says that if he needs a coffee or newspaper, then he uses cash. Hans forgets to write down his "to-dos" (assuming), so he ends up taking money out of his bank account. Hans goes every week. Mid-convo, George notices a bank on the other street to them.

Hans has to go to the post office that afternoon and send a card. He has to sent a post-card to his American sister, Olivia. He has no envelope for the card :-( Hans queries as to why he can't take it in-person, but he replies that it is expensive. They've already agreed to send it through a package. Hans says that he has to fill out a form to send a package to the US - so he hopes there isn't a long wait to do that at the Post office.

Sabite was talking with her Mom until someone called her. Her teacher has called her (or a senior). She gets great news and tells Meline. Meline agrees to meet her at the beer garden in an hour.

Hans & George are mad hungry and get a call from Sabite. Sabite has good news from the "Gallery" in Tor Street. They (Meline & George), on the other hand, need to stop at the flower place beforehand. George wants to see if they are any good. Hans is jealous that Sabite called George instead of him. Even when they kissed, they both knew that they couldn't be anything more than friends. They kissed at the U-Bahn. George meets with Meline.

Sabite actually asks HIM if her & George were something, but he gets hella mad and says no. Sabite comes and is told that Hans is jealous of George & Sabite. George tells her that its from the mistake of their lips meeting together that one time. Sabite is not very happy about that reminder, to which Hans questions the whole sex of women: "Why are they so confusing?". Both Meline & George order food instead of pondering about useless matters.

Interactive Tutorial: Subordinating Conjunctions
Subordinate clauses explain how, when, why, or under what circumstances the action under the main class occurs. Begins with a subordinating conjuction and ends with a conjugated verb

- Ich lese die Zeitung [main clause], wenn ich Zeit habe [subordinating clause].

[see list of commonly used subordinating conjunctions: https://quizlet.com/672279576/sag-mal-10a-vocab-flash-cards/?x=1jqt]

When using a seperable prefix verb in a subordinate clause, you attach that prefix to the beginning of the conjugated verb at the end.

- Ich warte, bis du mich anrufst.

Use als for a one-time event in the past or a continuing event

- Als wir Kinder waren, gab uns Papa Muenzen aus anderen Laendern.

while you use wenn for a one-time event

- Wenn du naechste Woche nach Hannover faehrst, musst du mir eine Postkarte schicken.

use (immer) wenn for a recurring event.

Ob & wenn are both "if", but ob is only used in indirect questions. Use wann for "when?" in an indirect question.

Fussgaengerzonen
In many European cities, you can find inside of a city-center/historical town a "Fussgaengerzone", where one can only go by fot. Bike riders must bike slowly or push it. Cars may only drive there if they are trucks supplying the Fussgaengerzone, emergency services or police. But even then, they have to go at walking pace and be cautious.

Many people come to the Fussgaengerzone because they want to shop in great shops and dine in the many beautiful cafes or restaurants.

The first Fussgaengerzone in Europe was created in 1953 in the Dutch part of Rotterdam. In this year as well, the first German Fussgaengerzone was created in the Treppenstrasse Castle. After the huge parts of the caslte were destroyed, they had a reconstruction competition and constructed a new design in the city-center's castle. In 1961, the Kramergasse became the first Fussgaengerzone in Austria.

Historical city-centers in Germany
Dresden - In "2. Weltkrieg", Dresden was almost completely destroyed. Today, one can visit the old city and, again, witness its Semper Opera, the Kennel, and the Church of Our Lady.

Heidelberg is the city with the oldest university in modern Germany. It has the longest Fussgaengerzone in Germany.

Koeln - The Schildergasse in Cologne is the most visited shopping mall in Europe.

Regensburg - the Regensburg is the oldest historical city during the Romans. The family's school of Thurn and Taxis, which is the biggest post office in Germany, is part of the historical city.

Interactive Tutorial: Adjectives used as nouns
In the sentence: "Herr Gross ist ein alter Mann" --> "Mr. Gross is an old man", an adjective is being used as a noun.

- der Arbeitslose, ein Arbeitsloser

- die Arbeitslose, eine Arbeitslose

- die Arbeitslosen, Arbeitslose

For any rulings (accusative, dative, genitive), you [for masculine] add an "-en" to the end of the adjective. The gender of an adjectitle noun matches the gender of that person [referring to a person].


 * Marias Verlobter ist sehr nett (Maria's fiance is very nice)

When it refers to a previously mentioned object, the gender of the adjectitle noun mathces the gender of the object.

- Alle Erwachsenen versammelten sich im Rathaus

- Jonas hat seiner Verlobten einen Ring geschenkt.

- Sophia hätte gern etwas Süßes.

- Welche Krawatte haben Sie gekauft? Ich habe die Blaue gekauft.

Adjectitle nouns that always refer to concepts are always neuter and singular. They always follow the following quantity verbs:


 * viel Gutes (a lot of good things)
 * wenig Neues (not much new)
 * etwas Schoenes (something beautiful)
 * nichts Wichtiges (nothing important)

- Moechtest du etwas Kaltes trinken?

- Wir wunschen dir alles Gute! (alles --> "das" ending)

Two expression with neuter endings:


 * nichts Besonderes (nothing special)
 * etwas anderes (something else)

- Ich habe an etwas anderes gedacht.

Interactive Tutorial: Das Futur I
An example of this sentence would be: "Mohamed wird ein Motorrad kaufen".

To form the Futur I, use a present tense verb of "werden" and the infinitive tense of the verb that presents the action.


 * Wir werden uns bestimmt wieder sehen. (We'll see each other again for sure)
 * Werdet ihr am Wochenende Zeit haben? (Will you have time on the weekend?)

Don't confuse "werden" with "wollen". "Wollen" is along the lines of "wanting to" (Ich wolle lernen - I want to learn), while "werden" is along the lines of "going to/intending on" (Ich werde lernen - I'm going to study).

When using a model verb in the "Futur I", place the infinitive of the model verb at the end of the clause after the infinitive of the verb it modifies.

- present tense: Ich kann nicht kommen (I'm not able to come)

- future tense: Ich werde nicht kommen koennen (I won't be able to come)


 * Bald wird man ueberall mit Karte bezahlen koennen
 * Sie werden ein Formular bei der Post ausfuellen muessen
 * Ich verspreche dir, dass ich dich immer lieben werde

However, if the subordinate clause contains a model verb, then the conjugated from of "werden" comes before both infinitives.

Also used to talk about assumptions/expections concerning the present/future
 * Er weiss nicht, wie lange er wird arbeiten muessen.


 * Daniel wird [wohl] noch beim Arzt sein
 * In 100 Jahren wird die Welt sicher sehr anders aussehen.

Adverbs usually used in these scenarios are wohl, wahrscheinlich, sicher, and schon - all mean "probably". =10B: Hotspot: In der Stadt=

Sabites Nacht
It is now 3 days that Hans has refused to talk to George due to immature jealousy. The whole gang except for Hans is getting ready for Sabite's nightout - but 2/3 of them agree that Hans is an "idiot".

Hans is told that Sabite's artwork is at the gallery for only one week and that, that evening, they are taking a trip there to visit. They are going through Charlottenburg and eating at a highly rated Spanish restaurant. Afterwards, they are going to dance at a club.

The gang, without Hans, ends up arguing about what restaurant they want to eat at. Hans calls Sabite. He says that he's at the U-Bahn, which isn't too far from where Sabite is. The issue is that they are lost and don't know where to go. Hans, thankfully, has a map. Once they meet up, they take a look at Hans' map. Hans and Meline kiss awkwardly. Hans leaves immediately.

Interactive Tutorial: Prepositions of direction

 * nach - for geographical places (Fliegt ihr morgen nach Istanbul?)
 * in (+ accusative) - for geographical places with an article (Wir wollten schon immer in die Turkei fahren); going to a location inside a building/into a geographical area/to a street (Robin ist in die Bibliothek gegangen)
 * zu (+ dative) - going to a destination within a town/city (Ich muss noch zu Aldi gehen, um Milch zu kaufen)
 * zu (+) people - zu ihm (to his place), zu Frau Len (to Mrs. Len's) (Ich gehe jetzt zu Nora)
 * zu Hause/nach Hause - "is home"/"coming home"
 * auf (+ accusative) - movement towards a horizontal surface/public building/idiomatic expressions (Wer hat diese Papiere auf meinen Schreibtisch gelegt?/Geht Audia auf der Party?)
 * an (+ accusative) - talk about movement towards a vertical surface/body of water (Emma hat ihr Poster an die Wand gehaengt)
 * uber (+ accusative) - talk about movement over/across/or by way of something (street) (Sie fahren ueber Muenchen nach Salzburg)
 * aus (+ dative) - origin (Meine Eltern kommen aus USA)

Nationality

 * Maya is Deutsche/Alex is Deutscher/Max ist nicht Kanadier/Jasmin ist keine Tuerkin
 * China --> chinesisch --> der Chinese, die Chinesen --> die Chinesin, die Chinesinnen
 * England --> englisch --> der Englaender, die Englaender --> die Englaenderin, die Englaenderinnen
 * Indien --> indisch --> der Inder, die Inder --> die Inderin, die Inderinnen
 * Schweizer Kaese/Schweizer Schokolade
 * Amerika/die USA/die Vereinigten Staaten
 * nach [country]/in [article] [country]