User:Atcovi/German Notes/Kapital 12

In der Kunstgalerie (Fotoroman)
Sabite is getting complimented on her artwork. Herr Kleinder told her that the man she is speaking with has had no training. The man says that creating 'stuff' is his best thing. Through artwork, he's able to create his feelings. The man asks if she wants to come visit him for the sunset at the garden. Sabite seems to have found her man!

Hans barges in while Sabite is dreaming about Karl. But Hans looks swaggered out. Sabite is not a fan of it and Hans rightfully protests it. He upsets Meline and she storms off. Sabite talks with Karl's assistant. George speaks with Meline about Hans, and she says she doesn't want to talk about it.

Sabite meets up with Karl - Karl says hes from a valley near Zurich. Sabite is traveling to Turkey for education.

Der Konjunktiv der Vergangenheit (Past Subjunctive)

 * Ich haette nie gedacht, dass du solche Gefuehle hast - I would never have thought you had those feelings.
 * Was haettet ihr an seiner Stelle gemacht? - What would you have done in his place?
 * Wenn alle nur umweltbewusster gewesen waeren! - If only everyone were more environmentally aware!
 * Was waere passiert, wenn ich dort nicht puenklitch angekommen waere? - What would have happened if I hadn't gotten there in time?

waere/haette (was/had) + perfekt verb
haette wissen sollen (should have known) [+ koennen, muessen]


 * Ich haette es wissen sollen! - I should've known!
 * Wir haetten das nicht gewollt - We would not have wanted that!

Ich wuenschte... (use this for scenarios that are contradictory to the truth)


 * Ich wuenschte, ich haette den Sonnenaufgang gesehen - I wish I had seen the sunrise

Das Partizip Präsens
- To form this^, add the d to the infinitive of a verb (lachend - laughing)


 * Der aufgehende Mond war sehr schoen.
 * Schlafende Hunde soll man nicht wecken.
 * Opa Ernst schläft vor dem laufenden Fernseher.
 * In den kommenden Sommerferien fahren wir nach Prag.

- Present participles used as adverbs do not take an ending


 * Nachdem der Junge hingefallen war, lief er weinend nach Hause

These can have superlatives & comparitive forms


 * ein bedeutenderer Film - a more important film
 * der bedeutendste Film - the most important film

Auf Wiedersehen, Berlin! (Fotoroman)
George is finishing his ecology homework. George goes off on all these pollution-related business and Hans yells back saying he already his did homework yesterday. George talks about his solution for factories & to recycle more, but is interrupted by Hans. He tells him to hurry the hell up because its their last day in Berlin.

Hans goes to Meline's apartment and apologizes for his disgusting behavior at the Gallery. Sabite isn't really on board with Hans, but they go through with it. After Hans is delibrating of the differences between him & Meline, he tells Sabite that George is going back to the states tomorrow. He is meeting him at the beer garden at 7pm. Meline's perfume & bag on the sofa gives away that she's at home. Meline is coming to terms with the immature Hans and his viewpoints.

Han's plans for the summer is meeting with a fella named Max and he is staying at his place for 2 weeks. George, on the otherhand, talked to a architectural company last Thursday and he has an interview the next week.

Interactive tutorial: Der Konjunktiv I and Indirect Speech
Konjunktiv I is used to indirect speech (Indirect speech is when the narrator communicates what has been said by another person.): https://www.germanveryeasy.com/konjunktiv-i.

Use this also if you don't believe a certain statement.


 * Die Professorin sagt, sie komme nicht mit.
 * Herr Braun sagt, die Erde sei wegen Erderwaermung gefaehrdet.
 * Er meint, dass er die Loesung dafuer habe.
 * Kyle sagt, er werde spaeter wiederkommen.

How to form the Konjunktiv I : Present Tense

 * -e
 * -est
 * -e
 * -en
 * -et
 * -en

+ infinitiv stem

geben


 * Ich gebe
 * Du gebest
 * Er/Sie/Es gebe
 * Wir geben
 * Ihr gebet
 * Sie geben

Sein is the only irregular verb in the Konjunktiv I (sei)

How to form the Konjunktiv I : Past Tense (Vergangenheit)
Use the konjunktiv I of haben or sein + past participle


 * Die Weiner Zeitung berichtete, dass es gestern sauren Regen gegeben habe.
 * Papa sagte, das Paket sei heute Morgen gekommen.
 * Die Zeit berichtet, dass es einen Atomkraftwerkunfall gegeben habe.

How to form the Konjunktiv I : Future Tense (Zukunft)

"er werde... [konjunktiv I] + infinitiv"


 * Frau Mueller sagte, sie werde ein Hybridauto kaufen.

Konjunktiv I verbs

 * behaupten - claim
 * berichten - report
 * glauben - to believe
 * meinen - to be of the opinion
 * sagen - to say

Indikativ
Use this for agreeable topics or believable events


 * Die Nachbarin sagte, sie hat Maeuse gesehen

Interactive tutorial: The passive voice
Used to put focus on action/reciever

conjugated form of werden + past participle

To indicate who is performing the action

von + doer of the action [dative]


 * Gestern wurde das neue Umweltschutzgesetz verabschiedet.
 * In diesem Land wird zu viel Muell produziert.
 * Dieses Jahr wurden 455 kg Muell pro Kopf weggeworfen.


 * [active voice] Wir schlaten die Lichter aus --> Die Lichter werden ausgeschaltet [passive voice]
 * [active voice] Die Regierung schlaegt einen neuen Plan vor --> Ein neuer Plan wird vorgeschlagen [passive voice]
 * Das Wasser wurde von der Fabrik verschmutzt
 * Die Technologie musste erst verbessert werden [modal verbs first, moved werden towards the end]

Impersonal Statement
No speciifc subject, begins with Es (or an adverb of time and place)


 * Es wird hier ueber Umweltpolitik diskutiert (Environmental policy is being discussed here)
 * Gestern wurde viel gearbeitet (A lot of work was done yesterday)

"Man"
A way to convert active to passive can be completed by using "Man" as the subject.


 * Man muss mehr fuer den Umweltschutz tun (We have to do more to protect the environment!)
 * (how is it active?): Man muss mehr Wasser sparen.
 * So etwas sagt man nicht (You don't say something like that!)

Kapital 12 Kultur
From the intertidel zones in the North to Bavaria - Germany is a country with various landscapes and a number of various, native animals. Especially in the national parks, one can find several animals, birds and plants.

The Bavarian Forest National Park is the oldest national park in Germany. Nowhere between the Atlantic and the Ural mountains, one can find a massive forest that has been naturally developed in its entirety. It is a massively-natural [no direct translation to English for "wilder"] forest, with about 17 bat species. Furthermore, one can discover lynxes in their more natural habitat & 8 various woodpecker species.