User:Atcovi/German Notes/Kapital 6/Notes

Kapital 6A (Zu Hause) - 2/25/2022

 * https://quizlet.com/675514178/kapital-6a-deutsch-flash-cards/?new

Besuch von Max - Fotoroman
George and Han's apartment: George is seen reading books. Hans walks in with his brother, Max. Max slept on George's sofa for two nights. Max was in Berlin for the weekend. On Sunday evening, Max has to be in Straubig. George isn't studying in his room because the living room is more comfortable and it is brighter (also closer to the kitchen). Max and Hans are going to a beer festival and wants George to come along. George says he has to study the history of architect.

Max is determined to stay long in the beer festival. George says he'll come after his lesson.

Max and Meline knock into each other as the latter brings in groceries. Hans refers to Max as his little brother to Meline. Max invites Meline to the beer festival, but she says that she needs to bring the food in the kitchen. From the episode in the kitchen, its obvious that Meline likes Max and Hans is jealous.


 * erreichen - to place upwards
 * oben - above
 * hinstellen - place

Some of the items belong to Sabite that are in Meline's kitchen. Meline is from Vienna. Hans came to Max's apartmenet for Christmas and talked about Meline. Before Meline could get an answer, George comes in and all of them meet up at a restaurant. Sabite was with Torsten at the time of the restaurant. They're usually together all the time. Meline likes Torsten but she couldn't agree on a time to meet up with Torsten. Lorenzo's location is unknown.


 * riesige - huge
 * Gerausche - roar
 * schliefen - grind/cut
 * betreten - enter

Fribourg

 * City for German and French speakers in Switzerland
 * River: Saane
 * 2 parts: the west speaks French (66%), the east speaks German (33%)
 * 39,000 of the inhabitants usually [have] studied in French and German.
 * Since 1157, the city has existed. By 1157, it was only German-speaking.
 * The architect of the city represents medieval Europe with huge townscapes.
 * The symbol of Fribourg: St. Niklaus Cathedral. Built between 1283 and 1490. Fribourg is also a representor of Goth architect. Between 1581 and 1588, a building representing the Renaissance was built. Today, it's the home to the museums of art and history. One can find new buildings, such as the university and the mansion district. Old bridges and 12 historical wells also brings people to the city.

The Präteritum (preterite)
https://www.nthuleen.com/teach/grammar/praeteritumtests.html

The Praeteritum talks about the past as well. Used in spoken German,


 * To form this, add -te, -test, -tet, or -ten to the infinitive end of weak/modal verbs (ich sagen --> ich sagte; du sagst --> du sagtest; sie kaufen --> sie kaufte; wir konnen --> wir konnten; ich schlafe --> ich schlief). In modal verbs, the umlaut is removed. For verbs that took a special ending when put in the Perfekt, their conjugation for the Praeteritum serves as a "baseline".
 * Add -e if the infinitive ends in a -t (kosten, mieten), -d, or a consonant cluster.
 * The "ich" and "er/sie/es" form are identical
 * Strong verbs take a different ending/conjugation. For example, essen --> ass. Many verbs, such as gehen, that contain an -e, i-, or have an i or an e in the infinitive stance have a special change (to a) in the Prateritum. Examples: geben --> er gab, finden --> er fand, liegen --> er lag. Likewise, verbs like "tragen" and "fahren" are changed to "trugen" and "fuhren". See flaschcards on talk page for a list of these verbs and their praeteritum.
 * Sein, haben, werden have irregular endings in the Praeteritum.

Da-, wo-, hin-, and her- compounds

 * See https://quizlet.com/224465789/da-wo-hin-and-her-compounds-flash-cards/ for flashcards

Special forms are used when referring to a thing or place. With people, we have dative pronouns. For things/places, we have compounds ("da-compounds" --> referring to things or ideas). If the preposition starts with a vowel, add a "dar" (darauf). In spoken German, people drop the second "a" in the prepositions. For example, daran becomes dran, darauf becomes drauf, darin becomes drin, and darüber becomes drüber.

When asking questions about a thing or place, use a "wo"-compound. Formula: Wo(r) + preposition. Think of the difference between "da" and "wo" as "that" or "what". Usually, "wo"-compounds will be used for questioning and be used at the beginning of the sentence while the "da" compounds will be used towards the end of the sentence.

Wohin and Woher can be separated and the "hin" and "her" can be put at the end of the sentence. Dahin or daher are used to replace a preposition or phrase expressing emotion. For example:

Use "mit wem" for people and use "womit" for thing/idea (Mit wem hast du auf der Party getanzt?/Womit sollen wir anfangen?). "Woher" is "Where from/from where?" and "Wohin" is "Where to/to where?" (Woher bekomme ich das Geld für die Miete?/Wohin hast du die Lampe stellen?). "Woraus" means "from what" like "Woraus ist das gemacht?". "Wogegen ist Sarah gefahren?" means "where is Sarah against driving to?".
 * Waren Sie schon mal in der Türkei?
 * Ja, ich fliege jedes Jahr dahin!

Hin- and Her- Compounds

 * hin --> motion away the speaker
 * her --> motion towards the speaker
 * hind und her --> back and forth

Hin and her can be compounds with other prepositions to emphasize direction. In spoken German, speakers drop the "he".


 * herauf --> rauf (up here)
 * herein --> rein (in here)
 * herunter --> unter (down here)
 * heraus --> raus (out here)

Coordinating Conjunction
We can use coordinating conjunctions to combine similar sentences.


 * und (Ich koche und esse gern)
 * denn (Ich habe eine große Küche, denn ich koche gern - Ich have a big kitchen because I like to cook)
 * aber (Ich liebe dich, aber ich liebe meine Mutter mehr)
 * oder (Willst du ein Apfel oder eine Banane?)
 * sondern [two ideas are mutually exclusive] (Meine Wohnung ist nicht im Erdgeschoss, sondern im ersten Stock - My apartment is not on the ground floor, but rather on the first floor)

Kapital 5B
https://quizlet.com/677577168/kapital-5b-2-flash-cards/?new


 * putzen - to clean (general use) waschen - to wash (hands, feet, laundry) spülen - to wash the dishes (also: to rinse, to flush)

Fotoroman #2

 * treffen - to meet
 * Saustall - nasty/pig's house
 * eingezogen - to move in
 * abgestauben - to dust out
 * vergleichen - to compare
 * verbringen - to spend [time?]
 * Abfall - trash
 * aufzuschließen - to unlock
 * nachdenkst - thinking about
 * aufzuräumen - to clean up
 * verlangen - needed
 * tadellos - clean
 * aufheitern - cheer up
 * staubsaugen - vaccum
 * gefalten - fold
 * gerade - just now

Meline is meeting up with Beatrice in half an hour to accompany her in her visit to her grandmother's place (in Wilmersdorf). She's been invited by them for tea. Sabite is annoyed because they spoke together about cleaning up the apartment. Meline scorns her saying that they can clean it up at another time. Sabite says that since she's moved in, Meline has not helped out with any of the house work. Meline says that she cannot compare visiting a close friend's old grandmother to cleaning up an apartment.

Meline finds George outside of the apartment as she leaves, stating that he hates the door because he can't unlock it easily. Sabite says it's because he's overthinking. George offers to help clean up Sabite's apartment as Meline isn't willing to do it that day. George says that his experience growing up in a room with his brother as a kid makes him immune to whatever Sabite has to offer.

Sabite explains that although the apartment was clean the week before, stress from university and Meline's failure to perform her duties has resulted in the dirty state that the apartment is in. Sabite complains about her failed art project where the professor had a problem with understanding. Although George liked the art projected, to which Sabite has to do it again, Torsten doesn't. Torsten's been annoyed lately because he likes a Turkish student in his class. Sabite hints that she likes Torsten, but doesn't say it explicitly.

George plays music while they clean up the kitchen collectively. He's going to sweep and wash the dishes while Sabite washes the dishes. They clean up the apartment!

Meline comes back and states that Beatrice's grandmother backed a lemon almond cake.

Separable and inseparable prefix verbs in the Perfekt
In the past participle, the "-ge" is added between the prefix and verb.


 * Ich habe an der Kasse angestanden.