User:Atcovi/German Notes/Kapital 9/Notes

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Fotoroman (Guten Morgen, Herr Professor) - 9/8/2022
The first thing the video depicts is Meline putting on makeup - she has a meeting in ten minutes. Hans, on the other hand, has his first school lesson. Hans is a lazy fellow and Meline gives him 15 minutes to get up (by setting up an alarm clock [der Wecker]). Professor Hans kisses Meline.

We are back into the dream while Sabite cries out for help for a sleepy Meline. Here, they are presented together in a romantic scene where Meline details that the young son (Wolfgang?) reminds her of Hans when he was younger. Meline is romantically inclined until she finds out that Hans didn't brush his teeth yet.

Die Kur
In Germany, there are 300 health resorts. In these places, patients can recover themselves. After a bad crash, extreme mental issues, or major health problems will need long and consistent care in a "Kur". Health insurance usually takes about 3-6 weeks. German health insurance pays a huge part of the sessions. Health resorts offer clean air & very quiet, providing a space where patients can concentrate on their health. Patients work towards their fitness by hiking, swimming, or biking.

Patients also study ways they can be healtheir in their lives. What can one do differently in order to prevent themselves from falling sick again?

The most famous health resorts are Oberstdorf (Bayern), Bad Woerishofen (Bayern), Baden-Baden (Baden-Wuerttemberg), and Westerland (Schleswig-Holstein). Oberstdorf is located in Allgaeu, a southern community in Germany. The air is so clear that patients with alergies have little problem. There, it is possible to play winter sports. Bad Woerishofen in Allgaeu is famous because of Sebastian Kneipp, a Catholic prist, that invited the Kneipp-Kur. A section of the Kur is treading water in a cold water bed. Baden-Baden lies in a black forest (Schwarzwald) near Karlsruhe. It is famous for its hot springs. The Romans had ruled the city in 80 AC. Finally, Westerland is located in the Island of Sylt. It is a famous sea health spa. For patients, it is near the North Sea and hosts fascinating tidal flats.

Interactive Tutorial: Reflexive verbs with accusative reflexive pronouns
Reflexive verb - An action you do to yourself or for yourself, subject=object (ex, Marie schminkt sich jeden Morgen vor dem Spiegel; Frau Park fuehlt sich nicht wohl). When the subject of a reflexive verb is also its direct object, it takes a reflexive pronoun.

Sich baden and sich duschen can be used with/without its reflexive pronouns.

A lot of verbs will actually mean slightly different meanings depending on if they are used reflexively or not. When the verb & subject are inverted, put the reflective pronoun after the subject (as opposed to after the conjugated verb in the normal case). If the verb is conjugated based off of "er" & "du" (in informal imperatives), the reflective pronoun comes right after the verb. When the conjugated verb is a model, then the reflective verb comes immediatly after the model (Wir muessen uns beeilen).

A number of verbs related to hygeine, personal activities & daily routine take accusative reflexive pronouns.

Interactive Tutorial: Reflexive verbs with dative reflexive pronouns

 * sich is never capitalized

Word Order

 * If the DO is a noun, put the dative reflexive pronoun before it (Machst du dir eine Tasse Tee?)
 * If the DO is a pronoun, put the dative reflexive pronoun after it (Ja, Ich habe sie mir schon gemacht!)

Pronouns come FIRST! If there are two pronouns, the accusative comes first!

Repicrocal Verbs
Express an action by 2+ more people/things to or for one another. They are only used with uns, euch, and sich.


 * Wir haben uns in Wien kennen gelernt (We first met each other in Vienna)
 * Kuessen sie sich?
 * Woher kennt ihr euch? (Where do y'all know each other from?)
 * Meine Grosseltern lieben sich sehr (My grandparents love each other a lot)

Common Verbs

 * Sich anrufen (to call each other)
 * Sich kennen (to know each other)
 * Sich kennen lernen (to meet [each other] for the first time)
 * Sich kuessen (to kiss each other)
 * Sich lieben (to leave each other)
 * Sich schreiben (to write to each other)
 * Sich streiten (to argue with one another)
 * Sich treffen (to meet up)
 * Sich trennen (to split up [amongst one another])
 * Sich unterhalten (to have a convo [with one another])
 * Sich verlieben (to fall in love [with another])

Einander
A verb to prevent confusion between reflexive and reciprocal. Miteinander (with each other) and an/ineinander (to each other) [G und F haben sich einander gewoehnt]


 * Sie haben sich einander vorgestellt

Reflexives used with Prepositions
reflexive verbs + accusative preps =9B=

Fotoroman 9B
They are in a hospital. It seems that Sabite is in some pain. Her head hurts. Now, Sabite is good after being checked by the doctor. Though, George's brother is in a predicament. He fell from a tree but thankfully without no massive injury. He had a sprained ankle and broke his arm. He was in pain/dizzy for about the entire day, but at the time of speaking - he's healthy now. He avoids (meiden) trees now.

On the other hand, Meline has a bump (Beule) on her head. Meline remembers that she woke up and fell off of her chair. She remembers laying on her floor and her friends found her. She has a sensational head feeling (Schwindelgefühl) and her head hurts (Kopfschmerzen). Meline is given some medication and is told that the nurse will perform a CT on her because it seems that she has a slight concussion (Gehirnerschuetterung).

The doctor tells Sabite & George that Meline will have to stay at the doctor's place overnight. Hans comes and visits her - in her dreams.

Der Konjunktiv II (subjective)
Use this to talk about hypothetical/un-real conditions to express wishes/polite requests (questions).

- Koennten Sie uns helfen?

To form the subjectives of weak/model verbs, sollen & wollen [no umlaut], add these subjective endings to the Prateritum stems:


 * A, o, or e - add an umlaut!
 * Wissen is the same as its prateritum endings, just add an umlaut u.
 * "Ich moechte" is used instead of "Ich wollte" is used as the polite equivalent as "Ich will".
 * "Ich moechte" & "Ich haette gern" are used for ordering in a restaurant.

Example sentences

 * Wenn es schneite, führen wir früher nach Hause.
 * Hannes hat Durst und hätte gern ein Mineralwasser.
 * Ich wünschte, wären wir schon in Italien.

Wenn nur
"If only"


 * Wenn ich heute nur schwimmen gehen koennte!
 * Wenn wir nur mehr Zeit haetten!

Form: Wenn [pronoun] [direct object] [subjective verb].

Use "dann" for emphasis

Als ob
"As if"/"Like" + verb in the subjective


 * Es hoert sich an, als ob Paul Husten und Schnupfen haette.

Interactive Tutorial: Würden with the infinitive

 * wuerden = subjuctive form of werden

- Was wuerden sie tun?

The prateritum verbs for "wuerden" are the same in the subjective, but with an umlaut. It functions like a model verb.

- Wuerden Sie mir bitte helfen?

In subordinate clauses, weurden comes at the end of the sentence as its the conjugated verb.

Examples

 * Wenn ich krank waere, "wuerde" ich nicht zur Arbeit gehen.
 * Also, das wuerde Tyrese nicht tun!
 * Wuerdet ihr mir bitte die Tuer aufmachen?
 * Wenn Jan und Susanna sich nicht so oft streiten wuerden, dann wuerden sie sich nicht trennen.
 * Lena wuerde gern nach Bern fahren
 * Wuerdest du bitte das Fenster schliessen?

An deiner/Ihrer Steller
To give adivce, use this expression^


 * An deiner Stelle wuerde ich sie besuchen