User:Atcovi/History/Reading Summary: IR Spread and Reforms

{| class="wikitable" ! Summary in your own words !! Key people, terms, events, main ideas, highlights, ?’s

Industrial Development in the US

 * War of 1812 and the simple geographical location (access to flowing rivers, coal, iron, etc.) enhanced US's ability to industrialize on its own.
 * 1789: Britain forced its industrial workers to stay in the country in order to enhance Britain's industrial progress.
 * Young British mill worker managed to slip by this: Samuel Slater
 * Created a spinning machine from memory and a partial design.
 * Worked with Moses Brown to house his new invention. Didn't work out so well. Pawtucket Factory didn't produce enough thread as desired.
 * Francis Cabot Lowell, from Boston (in 1813), and 4 other partners revolutionized the textile industry in the USA. He properly equipped every stage in the manufacture of cloth. When Lowell died, the city of Waltham was renamed to Lowell in honor of him. Thanks to Lowell's 4 other partners, Lowell, Massachusetts eventually became a manufacturing superstar.
 * Many girls from the country moved into the city to work in these factories for higher wages and a sense of independence.
 * Due to this boom in America's industrialization, many cities became popular places due to the industrialization [of the particular city].
 * War of 1812
 * 1789: Britain forcing workers to stay in the country for power-reasons.
 * Samuel Slater, with his spinning machine.
 * Moses Brown
 * Francis Cabot Lowell
 * Lowell, Massachusetts
 * Population booms in cities
 * Population booms in cities

Later Expansion of US industry

 * Although the industrialization of the US significantly increased in the 1800s, the US was primarily agricultural until 1865.
 * Technological boom in the US in the late 1800s:
 * Natural Resources
 * Inventions
 * Urban population growing
 * Railroads also played a role: These railroads led to an increase in several cities including Chicago and Minneapolis. These two cities' prospered by selling grain products to the rest of the countries, leading to an increasing population as well.
 * Businesses emerged thanks to railroads.
 * Agricultural until 1865.
 * Technological boom in the late 1800s (due to natural resources, inventions, and population growth).
 * Railroads led to increase in population.
 * Businesses emerged
 * Businesses emerged

The Rise of Corporations

 * Entrepreneurs sold shares of stock (certain rights of ownership) in order to raise money.
 * People who bought stock were part of corporations, which were businesses owned by stockholders who shared in profits but were not responsible for debts.
 * Large corporations, like Standard Oil and Carneige Steel Company, sprang up in order to control their own industries so that they could make big profits.
 * Stock
 * Corporations
 * Large corporatins sought to control their industries for money.
 * Large corporatins sought to control their industries for money.

Continental Europe Industrializes

 * "The British Miracle" was admired by several European countries. Eventually, this spread out to other European countries, including Denmark.
 * Troubles caused by wars from the mid 1700s to the early 1800s halted trade and screwed up relations with other countries. Europe was forced to watch a slowly-breaking Europe.
 * "The British Miracle"
 * Wars caused troubles in Europe
 * Wars caused troubles in Europe

Beginnings in Belgium

 * Belgium was the first of the continental European countries to adopt "The British Miracle".
 * A British worker, by the name of William Cockerill, followed Slater's way in 1799. He and his son illegally traveled to Belgium and set up a Belgium industrial boom in the eastern side of the country. He set up mechanical equipment like steam engines and railway locomotives, which launched a shockwave of industrialization across Europe.
 * Belgium first adopted Britain's ways.
 * William Cockerill
 * Shockwave of European industrialization.
 * Shockwave of European industrialization.

Germany Industrializes

 * Politically divided in the 1800s
 * Although the division, small pockets of industrialization began to appear in Germany.
 * Ruhr Valley - Rich of coal.
 * 1835 - British model of industrialization was copied.
 * Germany and Britain started to work with each other on the industrialization of Germany.
 * Railroads linked Germany together.
 * Late 1800s - Germany was finally unified and had its "industrial boom".
 * 1800s - politically divided.
 * Ruhr Valley
 * 1835 - British model copied
 * Germany and Britain started to work together
 * Railroads
 * Late 1800s: Germany was unified and prospering.
 * Late 1800s: Germany was unified and prospering.

Rise of Global Inequality

 * Industrialized countries and non-industrialized countries felt a wealth gap.
 * In order for factories in industrialized countries to prosper, industrialized countries sought the help of raw supplies from less-developed countries to keep their factories running. This led to powerful countries, like the US and Britain, seizing territory for raw supplies.
 * Imperialism, the policy of extending one country's rule over many other lands, became known in the world.
 * Wealth gap
 * Raw supplies from less-developed countries helped industrialized countries in their industries.
 * Imperialism
 * Imperialism

Transformation of Society

 * 1700-1900 - lives of people in agriculture both in Britain and the US changed. Europe turned into a superpower while Asia and Africa remained poor agricultural continents.
 * The IR improved the daily lives of citizens, health and wealth and education. Social reforms also arose
 * US and Europe became superpowers.
 * IR led to several benefits
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Questions

 * 1) In your opinion, which industrial development had the greatest impact on the US? On Europe?
 * 2) *The greatest impact was in Europe since Europe was the powerful leading body of the world during that time.
 * 3) What were the early industries to become mechanized in the US?
 * 4) *The early industries were the textile, clothing manufactures, and shoemaking industries.
 * 5) How did the IR shift the world balance of power?
 * 6) *The IR shifted world balance of power by putting a wealth gap between the industrial countries, like Britain and the US, and non-industrial countries, like countries in Africa and Asia. Imperialism also grew, as industrial countries needed raw supplies from lesser developed countries... increasing their power.