User:Atcovi/Science/Inorganic Chemistry

Matter

 * Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.
 * Example of Matter is a liquid glass.


 * Matter is made of atoms, which are the smallest particles of an element that still have all the properties of an element.
 * States of Matter
 * Solid - strong bonds
 * Liquid - weak bonds
 * Gas - no bonds
 * Plasma - ionization1

Atoms

 * Smallest amount of an element.
 * Made up of three subatomic2 particles:
 * Neutrons (o) = neutral/no charge
 * Protons (+) = positive charge
 * Electrons (-) = negative charge
 * Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom.
 * Electrons are in motion in the space around the nucleus.

Elements

 * An element is a pure substance that consists enitrely of one type of atom.
 * Names of elements are represented by a 1 or 2 letter symbol.
 * Elements are listed on the Periodic table.
 * Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
 * Isotopes (= meaning the isotopes)
 * Carbon-12 = Carbon-13 and -14
 * Helium-2 = Helium-3
 * Uranium-238 = Uranium-235

Chemical Compounds

 * Chemical compound - a substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more elements in definite proportions
 * EX: H2O (Water) | NaCl (Salt) | C6H12O6 (Glucose)

Chemical Bonds

 * Bond formation involves the electrons that surround each atomic nucleus.
 * Van der Waals Forces - When molecules are close together, a slight attraction can form between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules--this attraction is not as strong as ionic or covalent bonds. [See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qfzpJvsp04 for a thorough explanation of this]
 * Types of Bonds
 * Ionic Bonds - Formed when 1 or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. Ions are positively or negatively charged atoms.
 * Covalent Bonds - Formed when electrons are being shared between atoms.
 * Hydrogen Bonds - Type of attractive (dipole-dipole) interaction between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom bonded to another electronegative atom. This bond always involves a hydrogen atom. Hydrogen bonds can occur between molecules or within parts of a single molecule.3

Chemical Equations

 * The reactants (chemicals being combined) are written on the left side of a chemical equation
 * The products (chemicals created) are written on the right side of a chemical equation

EG + GCO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 602
 * Notes
 * Coefficient: Number of molecules present
 * Subscripted: Number of atoms in a molecule.