User:Atcovi/Science/Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level

Cell Theory
3 statements from High School Biology/Lessons/Lesson 1:
 * 1) All organisms are composed of at least one cell.
 * 2) Cells from the basic organizational structure of all living things.
 * 3) All cells come from pre-existing cells.

DNA Model

 * See also DNA

Pair the nitrogen bases:
 * What is the structure of DNA called? Double-helix
 * Who first described the structure of DNA? Waston and Crick.
 * Where is DNA located in the cell and what is its function? Nucleus; storage of info.
 * What is the basic unit of DNA? Nucleotides.
 * What are the three elements that make up a nucleotide?
 * 1) Sugar (Deoxyribose)
 * 2) Phosphate Group
 * 3) Nitrogen Base
 * A + T; T + A; G + C; C + G
 * See RNA for distinguishing between RNA and DNA

Water Chemistry

 * Polarity - a molecule with an unequal distribution of change, each molecule has a positive and negative end.
 * Capillarity - water moves up narrow tubes against the flow of gravity.
 * Cohesion - water molecules sticking together due to polarity.

Macromolecules

 * See Organic Chemistry – Carbon Chemistry and Macromolecules


 * What two elements do ALL macromolecules (organic compounds) contain? Carbon and Hydrogen.

Enzymes

 * See Biochemistry/Enzymes


 * What organic macromolecules are enzymes? Proteins
 * What do enzymes do? Carry out metabolism, which are chemical reactions.
 * List two factors that affect the rate of a reaction.
 * pH
 * temperature
 * How is an enzyme affected by the reaction? It is not affected.
 * The names of enzymes are always recognizable because they end in the three letters -ase.

Definitions

 * 1) Metabolism - All the chemicals reactions within an organism of cell.
 * 2) Catalyst - Enzyme substrate that speeds up a reaction.
 * 3) Substrate - Substance that enzymes bind to.
 * 4) Active Site - Groove/space where the substrate will fit.
 * 5) Lock-and-Key Model - For each substrate, there is a specific active site that it fits.