User:ButterflyGirl

= Definition of Learning =

The Oxford dictionary says learning is the acquisition of knowledge or skills through study, experience, or being taught:these children experienced difficulties in learning.

= Definition of Emotion =

The Oxford dictionary says emotion is a strong feeling deriving from one’s circumstances, mood, or relationships with others:she was attempting to control her emotions.

= How the human brain learns? = Learning does not only depend on rationality

= The Brain, Limbic System in particular the Amygdala =



Psychology has faced some important challenges in research is memory and understanding how emotion helps regulate memory within the brain. The hippocampus, and amygdala are just a few of the regions of the brain that deal with memory, emotion and learning. During emotional connection norepinephrine (NE) which is the stress hormone is released by neurons originating in the locus ceratodus and the brain stem.

The Limbic System as displayed in this image is located in the center of the brain. The limbic system interprets the signals of the body to regulate emotions and behaviour.

As seen in the image on the left the Olfactory Bulb, Papahippocampal Gyrus, Cingulate Gyrus and Amygdala are critical areas in the development of emotion and are also areas utilized in learning new information and memory recovery.

= Types of Learning =

=Classical Conditioning=


 * Classical Conditioning

=Associative Learning=

=Behavioural Learning=

Learning through Fear
= Operant Conditioning =


 * Operant Conditioning

= Observational =

= References = Bandura, A. (1969). Social-learning theory of identificatory processes.Handbook of socialization theory and research, 213, 262.

Cardinal, R. N., Parkinson, J. A., Hall, J., & Everitt, B. J. (2002). ''Emotion and motivation: the role of the amygdala, ventral striatum, and prefrontal cortex. '' Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 26(3), 321-352.

Clark, J. C., & Groves, S. (2012).Teaching primary science: emotions, identity and the use of practical activities. The Australian Educational Researcher, 39(4), 463-475.

Gwen C. Marchand, Antonio P. Gutierrez. (2012) The role of emotion in the learning process: Comparisons between online and face-to-face learning settings, The Internet and Higher Education, 15(3), June 2012, 150-160.

Hu, H., Real, E., Takamiya, K., Kang, M. G., Ledoux, J., Huganir, R. L., & Malinow, R. (2007). ''Emotion enhances learning via norepinephrine regulation of AMPA-receptor trafficking. '' Cell, 131(1), 160-173.

Kay, R. H., & Loverock, S. (2008). ''Assessing emotions related to learning new software: The computer emotion scale. '' Computers in Human Behavior, 24(4), 1605-1623.

Killcross, S., & Place, P. (2000).The amygdala, emotion and learning. PSYCHOLOGIST-LEICESTER-, 13(10), 502-507.

Laviolette, S. R., Lipski, W. J., & Grace, A. A. (2005). A subpopulation of neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex encodes emotional learning with burst and frequency codes through a dopamine D4 receptor-dependent basolateral amygdala input. The Journal of neuroscience, 25(26), 6066-6075.

Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Frenzel, A. C., Barchfeld, P., & Perry, R. P. (2011). Measuring emotions in students’ learning and performance: The Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ). Contemporary Educational Psychology, 36(1), 36-48.

Phelps,E.A. (2004) Human emotion and memory: interactions of the amygdala and hippocampal complexCurrent Opinion in Neurobiology, Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2004, Pages 198-202.

Rotter, J. B. (1954). Social Learning and clinical psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentic Hall.


 * Center for Development and Learning

= See also =

= External links =

1.*Classical Conditioning- http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=9hBfnXACsOI

2.*Operant Conditioning- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZpSxJw0BFZs 3.