User:Chuck314/school of engineering/department of mechanical engineering/applied mechanics/fluid mechanics/fluid dynamics/Internal Flow

Prerequisite Characterizations

 * Viscous

Possible characterizations

 * laminar, turbulent, or transitional
 * single phase or multiphase
 * fully developed or developing
 * constant cross-section of variable
 * straight or not straight
 * gravity or no gravity

Characterizations Related to Other Topics

 * heated with temperature dependent properties
 * compressible or incompressible

General Form of Energy Equation for a Fixed Control Volume
$$ \dot{Q} - \dot{W}_s - \dot{W}_v = \frac{\partial}{\partial t} \left[ \int_{CV} \left( \hat{u} + \frac{1}{2} V^2 + gz \right) \rho d V \right] + \int_{CS} \left( \hat{h} + \frac{1}{2} V^2 + gz \right) \rho ( \mathbf{V} \cdot \mathbf{n} ) dA $$

Example: single phase, fully developed, constant cross-section, straight, no gravity, incompressible, constant properties
$$ h_f = f \frac{L}{d} \frac{V^2}{2 g} $$


 * $$h_f$$ friction head