User:Engr. Ariful Islam

Define Computer

''The computer is an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. ''

History of Computer


 * Father of Computer- “Sir Charles Babbage”
 * Father of modern Computer-“Sir John Von Neumann”
 * Father of Artificial Intelligence (AI)- “Alan Turing”
 * First programmer in the world- “Lady Ada Augusta Lovelace”
 * Difference Engine (1822)
 * Analytical Engine (1833)
 * The first electric programmable computer- “Colossus-1943”
 * The first digital computer- “ABC- Atanasoff-Berry Computer-1937”

Generation of Computer

First Generation (1946-1959)-Machine Language


 * Vacuum tubes
 * Consume more power with limited performance
 * High cost
 * Mercury delay line (37th BCS)
 * Magnetic tape/magnetic drum was used as secondary memory
 * Examples- IBM 710, UNIVAC, EDVAC, EDSAC, ENIAC

Second Generation (1959-1965)-Assembly Language


 * Transistors-(Bell Lab in 1947)
 * Small in size
 * Lesser power consumption and better performance
 * Used in business, industry and commercial organizations
 * Examples- Tx-0, PDP-8, IBM 1400,1401,1620

Third Generation (1965-1971)-High Level Language


 * ICs were used
 * Smaller & better performance
 * Faster processors
 * Semiconductor memories (RAM & ROM)
 * Used I/O devices
 * Examples, PDP-8, IBM 360

Fourth Generation (1981-1980)-Very High-Level Language


 * Microprocessors
 * Tens of thousands of transistors can be placed on a single chip (VLSI design implemented)
 * CRT screen, laser & inkjet printers, scanners etc. were developed.
 * Parallelism, pipelining cache memory and virtual memory, were applied in a better way
 * LAN and WANs were developed
 * Introduced C language and Unix OS
 * Introduced Graphical User Interface
 * Examples, IBM-PC, IBM 3033, HP series

Fifth Generation (1980-Future)-Net High Level Language


 * ULSI
 * AI
 * Robotics
 * VR