User:Jtwsaddress42/Quotes/Mackie, George O. 1970a

Neuroid Conduction Facilitates Rapid Response "'In hydromedusae and siphonophores neuroid conduction occurs in the exumbrellar ectoderm and subumbrellar endoderm, the two layers being linked as a transmission pathway for excitation going to ectodermal smooth muscle systems. The 'crumpling' behavior of medusae is transmitted by this system, but nervous components may be involved in the generation of the full response. Reverse locomotion in physonectid siphonophores (e.g., Nanomia) involves activation of neuroid pathways. In the siphonophore Hippopodius, neuroid conduction in the exumbrella is coupled to luminescent and blanching reactions. Neuroid conduction in all these forms provides a rapid and efficient method of information transfer. It is typically associated with the spread of protective and locomotory responses and is general rather than local in effect. The more complex and local responses are believed to be organized by the nervous system.' - G.O. Mackie (1970)"