User:KYPark/Sandbox

Unity

 * Taiji

Duality

 * Yin and yang


 * The counterclockwise image on the right was adapted from the clockwise File:Yin_and_Yang.svg. Its neutral background enables the color of the circle to be inverted most easily.

In the beginning there came to exist the ultimate oneness, universe, or Taiji, if you like, consisting of yin and yang, making difference or sense possible, hence the beginning of information!

Implications

 * Newton's law of motion
 * Third law (aka action-reaction law)
 * To every action there is always an equal and opposite reaction: or the forces of two bodies on each other are always equal and are directed in opposite directions.
 * Homeostasis
 * The equation of chemical equilibrium
 * reactant(s) equilibrium.svg product(s)


 * Behaviorism
 * Stimulus-response theory


 * Binary opposition
 * Binary number system


 * Symbolism
 * Encoding & Decoding
 * Implication & Explication


 * Antipositivism
 * But not wholly against empiricism,  behaviorism,  statistics or  sicentific method


 * Ethics
 * Beyond Good and Evil

Moebius band




The Möbius band symbolizes a unity of binary opposition, that is, Taiji of yin and yang.

Perhaps most of the honey-colored (yang or daylight) side is unseen, implicit, on the background, hence the following 2x2 contingency table, so to speak, quadrant or duplex yin-yang:


 * Toward a more coherent perspective


 * Read the lines from right to left.
 * In the Far East, the colors are related to the four cardinal directions and the center.
 * Such relations may well be further applied to the solar and life cycles.
 * The steps inspire, depress, explode, expire are the four strokes of the internal combustion engine cycle.
 * The steps refer, encode, decode, infer are the quadrants of a unit dialog analogous to an engine cycle. The term refer accords with Ogden & Richards (1923) and F. P. Strawson (1950) "On Referring" (subjective cognition or thinking) as a rejoinder to Bertrand Russell (1905) "On Denoting" (objective signification or encoding).
 * The steps plan, act, observe, reflect are of the experiential learning cycle as formulated by Carr & Kemmis (1986) Becoming Critical.
 * The Greek four classical elements are newly interpreted and related accordingly.
 * Dryness may better be regarded as haziness, not sharply contrasted with wetness or wateredness.
 * Note
 * The ancient Greek's view on four elements, juxtaposed by another quadrant yin-yang of properties, seems to stress the circulation from element to element.
 * The Möbius band may be responsible for twisting the diagonal opposition of fire vs. water and air vs. earth, as shown in the low right square.
 * The Korean 흙 (earth) may be cognate with 흑 (黑, black, north), either being romanized heuk.

Foucault pendulum
Animation of a Foucault pendulum at the Pantheon in Paris (48°52' North), with the Earth's rotation rate greatly exaggerated. The green trace shows the path of the pendulum bob over the ground (a rotating reference frame), while the blue trace shows the path in a frame of reference rotating with the plane of the pendulum.

Nataraja
Shiva is Nataraja, the Lord of Dance, who performs his cosmic dance to destroy a weary world and help Brahma create a new one again, hence self-organization. See also Capra (1975).

Triangle of reference
../Triangle of reference

Ego and reality
Figure 1

Information retrieval model

 * Argument for direct access to Document D even extracted
 * Instead of its too rough and ambiguous Surrogate d, hence, the thesis of A Direct Approach to Information Retrieval
 * The citing extracts necessarily refer to the cited, hence unavoidably a web of hypertexts in need indeed!
 * The need for the "world encyclopaedia," "world wide network" or web of scientific information, in general, has been projected perhaps most outspokenly and unselfishly by H. G. Wells since the mid 1930s, evidently in his World Brain (1938). Hence, he is at least a decade earlier pioneer in hypertext than the most celebrated Vannevar Bush who wrote a mere 8-page essay (1945) "As We May Think" without references, perhaps mainly aiming to invite investors to the rapid microfilm selector of his MIT team's patent. Then, what a shame (shamefulness and shamelessness) it is to uniquely make a hero of a selfish commercialist or capitalist at the sacrifice of the real, unselfish, utilitarian hero.
 * The epoch-making emergence in 2006 of Pirate Party and WikiLeaks and twitter may be a sign of rebellion against too selfish capitalism, which looks like hanging on the crossroad to have to show up its truly unselfish self interest that may be too far away in this state of the world. The world without making sense of justice would make no more sense than just a jungle. This is a warning for a healthy capitalism to survive. No ism whatsoever without justice! No nuclear power but just world peace as Wellls wished!


 * Direct manipulation
 * As coined by Ben Shneiderman at the University of Maryland


 * Hence, human-computer interaction, HCI, at last
 * In which Ben Shneiderman is also an expert


 * Or, computer-human interaction, CHI, at first
 * As the ACM SIG/CHI suggests
 * As the Greek X (chi) suggests the System-User interaction, S x U

Self-organizing blackboX
An artwork may be worth a thousand words. That may be why so many people try to draw anyway.

The significance of what the drawing on the right signifies may relate to such critical notions as second-order cybernetics and self-organization, as witnessed by the famous cybernetic pioneers, including Gregory Bateson, Margaret Mead, Heinz von Foerster, Gordon Pask, Staford Beer, Humberto Maturana,  Francisco Varela, etc., regardless of alleging who was the real progenitor, perhaps among them, closely related one way or another, three of whom you may note happen to be the alumni of University College London. As much as such, the college authority must bother and help make clear who was the real progenitor. Pask claimed it was von Foerster so that the world should be convinced of the truthfulness enough to pay homage to him.

Second-order cybernetics
The above year "1973" may be not only mistaken for 1976 but also deliberated, as it is subtly hanging on the verge of the 1975 world brain storming!

Jean-Louis Le Moigne
This diagram shows Jean-Louis Le Moigne's view on self-orgnaization by virtue of information. (online pdf)

The &infin; shape may suggest the infinite loop of interaction, and the X (chi) in the middle the human-computer interaction.

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Metascience
Metascience is simply science of science, mainly aiming to address the following three fundamental questions:


 * What to make science?
 * Why to study science?
 * How to study science?

☯

What
Science is made by virtue of objective truth in context or coherence. A rough theory of everything may be likely objective or true in principle, whereas a tough theory of something only so in context in practice, within the valid frame of reference. A pair of independent frames may be surprisingly consilient or jumping together, such as in:


 * Capra (1975) The Tao of Physics (Tao and modern physics)
 * Percy (1975) The Message in the Bottle (consilient "Delta Factor")
 * Polanyi (1975) Meaning (tenor and vehicle in interaction)
 * Putnam (1975) "The Meaning of 'Meaning'" (Earth and Twin Earth)
 * Ricoeur (1975) The Rule of Metaphor (tenor and vehicle)
 * Wilson (1975) Sociobiology: The New Synthesis (sociology and biology)

Why
Science is needed for the greatest happiness, wisdom, or simply use, hence utilitarianism or its American version called pragmatism. This strongly suggests the social role of science in human goal-seeking, eg, The Social Function of Science (1939) as entitled by J. D. Bernal near the outbreak of the World War II. After all, he was addressing the question how. Along the line of thought, the Society for Social Studies of Science was founded in 1975, Robert K. Merton becoming its first President.


 * Wisdom


 * Whence wisdom wakes


 * From Knowledge to Wisdom
 * Manfred Kochen ed. (1975), aiming World Brain (1938) for humanity
 * Nicholas Maxwell (1984, 2007), aiming intellects for humanity


 * What's Wrong With Science?
 * Nicholas Maxwell (1976, 2009) (Amazon)


 * Science and Moral Priority
 * Roger Sperry (1983)


 * DIKW : An unwarrantable byproduct.

How
 Science is studied by way of the scientific method. However, it may be that "anything goes" as pointed out by Paul Feyerabend (1975) Against Method, unless the above two questions are ill affected. Methodologically, he has no reason to discriminate, hence greatly favoring, religion and pseudoscience from science.
 * 1) C. K. Ogden (1930)
 * 2) Alfred Korzybski (1933)
 * 3) I. A. Richards (1936)
 * 4) H. G. Wells (1938)
 * 5) J. D. Bernal (1939)
 * 6) Norbert Wiener (1948)
 * 7) C. P. Snow (1959)
 * 8) Thomas Kuhn (1962)
 * 9) Karl Popper (1963)
 * 10) Fritjof Capra (1975)
 * 11) Paul Feyerabend (1975)
 * 12) Paul Grice (1975)
 * 13) C. K. Ogden (1930)
 * 14) Alfred Korzybski (1933)
 * 15) I. A. Richards (1936)
 * 16) H. G. Wells (1938)
 * 17) J. D. Bernal (1939)
 * 18) Norbert Wiener (1948)
 * 19) C. P. Snow (1959)
 * 20) Thomas Kuhn (1962)
 * 21) Karl Popper (1963)
 * 22) Fritjof Capra (1975)
 * 23) Paul Feyerabend (1975)
 * 24) Paul Grice (1975)

Metascientific revolution
Arguably, an unprecedented metascientific revolution started suddenly from 1975. Strangely, it is yet to be mentioned, though full of hard evidence. Too widespread plagiarism is a high likelihood. For instance, a vital study on metaphor three decades ago should have paid due homage to I. A. Richards's seminal work, The Philosophy of Rhetoric (1936). In 1975, some did, including Michael Polanyi and Paul Ricoeur, and others didn't. The neglect of due intellectual debts damages science in process and progress.
 * }