User:Marshallsumter/Radiation astronomy/Clouds/Quiz

Cloud radiation astronomy is a lecture for the course on the principles of radiation astronomy.

This is a quiz based on the lecture that you are free to take at any time or knowledge level.

Once you’ve read and studied the lecture itself, the links contained within the lecture, listed under See also, External links and in the template, you should have adequate background to take the quiz and score highly.

As a "learning by doing" resource, this quiz helps you to assess your knowledge and understanding of the information, and it is a quiz you may take over and over as a learning resource to improve your knowledge, understanding, test-taking skills, and your score.

Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.

Enjoy learning by doing!

Quiz
{Complete the text: By comparing astronomical observations with laboratory measurements, astrochemists can infer the { elemental|element (i) } abundances, { chemical composition (i) }, and { temperatures|temperature (i) } of stars and interstellar clouds.
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{Which of the following may be characteristic of hydrogen deficiency in stars? + may have been consumed by nucleosynthesis + star formation in a cloud deficient in hydrogen - may point away from a stellar association + may have been formed by white dwarf mergers + may have had transfer of helium from the secondary to the primary + a possible massive convective event
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{Which of the following is not a characteristic of terrestrial X-ray flashes? + antimatter signatures - atmospheric origin - X-ray flashes occur at least 50 times per day globally - X-radiation fountains upward from low cloud-top sources - as high or higher energy X-rays as come from the Sun
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{Which of the following is not a characteristic of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes? - antimatter signatures - atmospheric origin - TGFs occur about 50 times per day globally + gamma radiation fountains downward from high cloud-top sources - higher energy gamma rays than come from the Sun
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{Which of the following is not a characteristic of the heliosphere? - outward speed of the solar wind diminishes to zero - inward pressure from interstellar space is compacting the magnetic field - the solar wind even blows back at us - a 100-fold increase in the intensity of high-energy electrons from elsewhere in the galaxy diffuse into our solar system from outside + the source of heat that brings the coronal cloud near the Sun hot enough to emit X-rays may be the photosphere
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{Complete the text: Some neutrinos originating from the Sun may be produced by the { particle accelerator-type (i) } reactions occurring in and above the { chromosphere (i) }. Differentiating these coronal cloud-induced neutrinos from the neutrino background and those theorized to be produced within the { core (i) } of the Sun may someday be possible with neutrino astronomy.
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{Which of the following is not a major source of protons within the solar system? - solar coronal clouds - solar wind - photosphere + polar coronal holes - coronal mass ejections
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{Complete the text: The Oort cloud is a hypothesized { spherical (i) } cloud of { comets (i) } which may lie roughly { 50,000 AU (i) }, or nearly a light-year, from the Sun.
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{Which of the following are theoretical radiation astronomy phenomena associated with the Sun? + a core which emits neutrinos - a solar wind which emanates out the polar coronal holes + gravity + the barycenter for the solar system - polar coronal holes - coronal clouds + its position
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{Complete the text: Match up the type of cosmic-ray detector with each of the possibilities below: visible tracks - A diffusion cloud chamber - B bubbles - C a grid of uninsulated electric wires - D similar to the Haverah Park experiment - E fluorescence detectors - F spark chamber { D (i) }. continuously sensitized to radiation { B (i) }. Pierre Auger Observatory { F (i) }. bubble chamber { C (i) }. Cherenkov detector { E (i) } expansion cloud chamber { A (i) }.
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{True or False, Super soft X-ray sources have been detected in the Magellanic clouds. + TRUE - FALSE
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{True or False, The hot ionized medium (HIM) consists of a coronal cloud which emits X-rays. + TRUE - FALSE
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{Which of the following are X-radiation astronomy phenomena associated with the Sun? - a core which emits neutrinos - a solar wind which emanates out the polar coronal holes - gravity - the barycenter for the solar system - polar coronal holes + coronal clouds - its position + temperatures at or above 1 MK
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{The first astronomical X-ray source in the constellation Dorado is likely to be which of the following? - the Sun - the Small Magellanic Cloud - Scorpius X-1 + the Large Magellanic Cloud - the Crab Nebula
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{What may be the first astronomical source of the rocky objects in the solar system? + Jupiter - the solar wind - the diffuse X-ray background + Saturn - Mount Redoubt in Alaska + the asteroid belt + the former protoplanetary disc around the Sun + the Oort cloud + the Kuiper belt
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{Which of the following are the differences between a star and an astronomical yellow source? + a star may emit predominantly green rays - an astronomical yellow source is spherical - a yellow star is an astronomical yellow source + a star with nuclear fusion in its chromosphere emits neutrinos, but a yellow source with no nuclear fusion ongoing does not + a yellow source may be cloud like + an astronomical yellow source my be a rocky object
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{Which of the following are radiation astronomy phenomena associated with the gaseous-object Neptune? - Voyager 2 + blue rays + clouds - neutron emission - polar coronal holes + meteor emission - rotation
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{Neutrinos detected from the solar octant may be from nucleosynthesis within the coronal cloud in the near vicinity of the Sun or perhaps from nucleosynthesis occurring within what theoretical interior structure of the Sun? { the core|core (i) }
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{Complete the text: Match up the observatory facility with the observatory: Ondrejov Observatory - A Okayama Astrophysical Observatory - B Orbiting Astronomical Observatory - C Metsähovi Radio Observatory - D Tortugas Mountain Planetary Observatory - E Pierre Auger Observatory - F { D (i) }. { A (i) }. { F (i) }. { C (i) }. { E (i) } { B (i) }.
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{Which of the following is not a characteristic of the X-ray continuum? + Bragg peaks - may arise from an X-ray jet - may arise from the coronal cloud of an accretion disc - a power-law spectrum - a thermal emission at the lowest energies
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{The Sun is a natural X-ray source because X-rays originate from what astronomical X-ray source? + a coronal cloud about the Sun - the diffuse X-ray background - sunspots - the photosphere - nucleosynthesis in the center of the Sun - lightning
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{Complete the text: Match up the item letter with each of the cosmogonic possibilities below: interior models of the giant planets - A high interest for cosmogony, geophysics and nuclear physics - B hierarchical accumulation - C clouds and globular clusters - D cosmic helium abundance - E deuterium fusion - F a large deficiency of light elements - G after galactic sized systems had collapsed - H the motions of hydrogen { D (i) } fornation of luminous quasars { H (i) }. stars with an initial mass less than the solar mass { G (i) }. rotating liquid drops { B|F (i) }. primordial is less than 26 per cent { E (i) }. a solar mixture of elements dominated by hydrogen and helium gas { A (i) }. around 13 Jupiter masses { F (i) }. smaller rocky objects { C (i) }.
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{The use of the principle of line of sight allows what phenomenon to be determined? + the Moon is closer to the Earth than the Sun - the planet Mercury is nearer to the Earth than Venus - any cumulus cloud overhead follows the Sun across the sky - the plane of the Earth's orbit around the Sun is in the plane of the galaxy - the surface of the photosphere of the Sun is hotter than the surface of Mars - lightning always precedes rain
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{Which of the following may be true regarding the interacting galaxies of UGC 9618? + the pair of galaxies appear to be interacting rather than a mere galaxy double + a lack of luminous sources at any wavelength in the interaction volume + asymmetry is approximately centered on the interaction volume + a common origin originally between them + the large X-ray output surrounding primarily the more central portion of the edge-on galaxy suggests a very high temperature galactic coronal cloud + the infrared portion of the composite image with ultraviolet strongly suggests that the edge-on galaxy is much cooler in general than the face-on galaxy + orange and yellow astronomy reveal that the edge-on galaxy may be composed of older or cooler stars - VV340A appears to be more than 33 % involved in the interaction
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{True or False, If the energy of the incoming electrons is 700 MeV and the flux is 8.48 x 104 e- cm-2 s-1, then the interstellar electron influx is sufficient to heat the photosphere to its effective temperature and heat the coronal clouds to at least a few MK. + TRUE - FALSE
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Hypotheses

 * 1) Questions leaning more on theoretical development may be better.