User:Marshallsumter/Radiation astronomy1/Particles/Quiz

Particles astronomy is a lecture from the radiation astronomy department that is under development for possible inclusion in the course on the principles of radiation astronomy.

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Quiz
{True or False, A lithometeor is a rocky-object meteor. + TRUE - FALSE
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{Meteorites found on Earth may be from which of the following? - Saturn - Mercury + the Moon + the asteroid belt - Jupiter + Mars + Earth
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{True or False, A cryometeor is a very large chunk of amber. - TRUE + FALSE
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{Complete the text: An aerometeor is a { discrete (i) } unit of air traveling or { falling (i) } through an atmosphere.
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{True or False, A metallic or stony object that is the remains of a meteor is called a meteoroid. - TRUE + FALSE
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{On 19 May 1910, the Earth actually passed through the tail of what comet. { Halley's (i) }
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{True or False, The observations of planetary motion agree with computed orbits to the accuracy of the observations. - TRUE + FALSE
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{Various gaps and density minima have been observed in the Saturnian { ring|rings (i) } system.
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{True or False, Micrometeoroids have less stable orbits than meteoroids. + TRUE - FALSE
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{Which of the following are characteristic of a binary formed via gravitational fragmentation? + the local Jeans length + the local speed of sound + the mean molecular weight - the electron neutrino + the mean particle density - neutrons
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{True or False, A new cosmogony predicts that all particles in one stream have the same mineral composition. + TRUE - FALSE
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{Complete the text: The moon was formed independently of the earth and later { captured (i) }, presumably by a { three-body| three body (i) } interaction.
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{True or False, A hydrometeor is a precipitation product. + TRUE - FALSE
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{The charge on a planetary dust particle may change with? { latitude (i) }
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{Yes or No, A cometary orbit about the Sun is a radiation astronomy phenomenon. + Yes - No
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{Which weather phenomena are most likely to interfere with observing stars? + a late-summer rainstorm - a clear sky + an approaching dust storm - below normal temperatures + a typhoon + a snow fall + fog
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{True or False, To date, all of the reported hypervelocity stars (HVSs), which are believed to be ejected from the Galactic center, are blue. + TRUE - FALSE
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{Any natural object radiating through a portion or all of a natural object's atmosphere may be called a what? { meteor (i) }
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{True or False, Olivine is a silicate mineral that may be detected in cometary coma dust with green astronomy. + TRUE - FALSE
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{Which of the following are astronomical phenomena associated with the Sun as a likely source? + coronal clouds + cosmic rays + neutrinos - Oh My God type particles + meteors - comets + blue rays
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{Why is much of the surface of Mars covered with red iron oxide dust when the rocks that compose much of its surface are blue or violet? - Mars has been systematically bombarded with small iron-nickel meteorites or micrometeorites that oxidize in its atmosphere - Mars has been frequently bombarded with hematite containing micrometeorites - asteroid impacts on Mars may have forced iron from near its core into the atmosphere and onto the surface as hematite dust that oxidized - Mars is like Earth in surface hematite composition, but Earth has much more water + precipitation from iron-rich water
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{Which of the following is not a radiation phenomenon associated with a comet? - airglow - elongated dust particles - high albedo - olivine - Rayleighs + coronal mass ejection
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{Which of the following are radiation astronomy phenomena associated with the apparent liquid-object Earth? + rain + snow + hail + neutron emission - polar coronal holes + meteor emission - rotation
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{Complete the text: Bombardment by protostellar { cosmic rays (i) } may make the rock { precursors (i) } of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions { CAIs (i) } and chondrules radioactive, producing { radionuclides (i) } found in meteorites that are difficult to obtain with other mechanisms.
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{Complete the text: Cosmic rays with energies over the { threshold (i) } energy of 5 x 1019 { eV (i) } interact with { cosmic microwave background (i) } photons to produce { pions (i) } via the $$\Delta$$ resonance.
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{The relative abundances of solar cosmic rays reflect those of the solar { photosphere (i) }
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{Complete the text: The { delta-ray|delta ray (i) } tracks in emulsion chambers have been used for { direct (i) } measurements of { cosmic-ray|cosmic ray (i) } nuclei above { 1 TeV/nucleon (i) } in a series of balloon-borne experiments.
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{True or False, Violent activity and supernovae generate cosmic-ray superthermal particles. - TRUE + FALSE
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{A cosmic ray may originate from what astronomical source? - Jupiter - the solar wind - the diffuse X-ray background - Mount Redoubt in Alaska - the asteroid belt + an active galactic nucleus
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{True or False, A small amount of aluminum-26 is produced by collisions of magnesium atoms with cosmic-ray protons. - TRUE + FALSE
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{Ionization within the Earth's atmosphere from cosmic rays has what property? - it's subject to solar eclipses - it increases underwater - cosmic rays do not penetrate the atmosphere - is higher at the base of the Eiffel tower rather than the top - is obscured by hot-air balloons + the ionization rate rises at rising elevation
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{True or False, The feature that makes deep inelastic lepton scattering and e+e- annihilation tractable is that these processes proceed via the electromagnetic and strong interactions. - TRUE + FALSE
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{Yes or No, Van Allen radiation belt electrons are constantly removed by collisions with atmospheric neutrals, losses to the magnetopause, and outward radial diffusion. + Yes - No
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{Yes or No, Beta particles (electrons) are more penetrating than alpha particles, but still can be absorbed by a few millimeters of aluminum. + Yes - No
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{Which types of radiation astronomy directly observe the rocky-object surface of Venus? - meteor astronomy - cosmic-ray astronomy - neutron astronomy - proton astronomy - beta-ray astronomy - neutrino astronomy - gamma-ray astronomy - X-ray astronomy - ultraviolet astronomy - visual astronomy - infrared astronomy - submillimeter astronomy + radio astronomy + radar astronomy + microwave astronomy - superluminal astronomy
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{Yes or No, Beta particles are high-energy, high-speed electrons or positrons emitted by certain types of radioactive nuclei. + Yes - No
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{When the Earth is viewed from space using X-ray astronomy what characteristic is readily observed? - the magnetic north pole - the Hudson Bay meteorite crater - the South Atlantic Anomaly - the Bermuda Triangle - solar positron events + electrons striking the ionosphere
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{True or False, Electrons in the Earth's magnetosphere are energized by neutral particles from the Sun. - TRUE + FALSE
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{Complete the text: Match up the item letter with each of the possibilities below: Meteors - A Cosmic rays - B Neutrons - C Protons - D Electrons - E Positrons - F Gamma rays - G Superluminals - H X-ray jets { C (i) } the index of refraction is often greater than 1 just below a resonance frequency { H (i) }. iron, nickel, cobalt, and traces of iridium { A (i) }. Sagittarius X-1 { G (i) }. escape from a typical hard low-mass X-ray binary { F (i) }. collisions with argon atoms { B (i) }. X-rays are emitted as they slow down { E (i) }. Henry Moseley using X-ray spectra { D (i) }.
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{Yes or No, Positron astronomy is 30 years old but remains in its infancy. + Yes - No
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{What are some of the characteristics of Jovian electrons? + hard spectrum + Jovian electrons near Earth are on their way to the Sun + an energy power law + flux increases with 27 day periodicities - at 1 AU, flux decreases exhibit a short-term modulation of 13 minutes - come in mutable varieties
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{Yes or No, A clumpiness in the galactic halo is through a spatially continuous elevation in the density of dark matter, rather than the more realistic discrete distribution of clumps. + Yes - No
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Hypotheses

 * 1) The radiation astronomy of beta particles (electrons and positrons as a group) may provide insight into fusion reactions above the Sun's photosphere.