User:Marshallsumter/Radiation astronomy2/Standard candles/Quiz

Standard candles is a lecture about an optical astronomy technique for estimating distances beyond the capability of trigonometric parallax. It is also a mini-lecture for a quiz section as part of the department of radiation astronomy course on the principles of radiation astronomy.

You are free to take this quiz based on standard candles at any time.

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Quiz
{Which of the following are associated with planetary nebula as a standard candle? + observations made through a narrow band 5007 filter - internal extinction - star forming regions + relatively dust-free environments + found in galaxies of all Hubble types + almost as luminous as the brightest red supergiants
 * type="[]"}

{Supernovae of Type Ia lack hydrogen lines and helium lines in their optical spectra; during the first month after maximum light they do have a strong absorption feature produced by the red doublet (λ6347, λ6371 Å) of singly ionized? { silicon (i) }.
 * type="{}"}

{Which of the following are associated with surface brightness fluctuations as a standard candle? + characteristic mottling + discreteness of the stars + measurable bumpiness in surface brightness + incipient resolution - MMRDs - easy to recognize
 * type="[]"}

{True or False, The global HI 21-cm line-width corrected for projection is used as a measure of a galaxy's rotational velocity. + TRUE - FALSE
 * type=""}

{Which of the following are associated with red clump stars as a standard candle? + many examples within reach of parallax measurements - internal extinction - star forming regions + sufficiently bright + local group galaxies - almost as luminous as the brightest red supergiants
 * type="[]"}

{True or False, The most frequently preferred standard candle for distances to galaxies is the Type-II supernova. - TRUE + FALSE
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{Which of the following are associated with Type-Ia supernovae as a standard candle? - lack silicon lines + lack hydrogen lines + lack helium lines - lack lithium lines + expanding photosphere method - almost as luminous as the brightest red supergiants
 * type="[]"}

{True or False, Delta Cephei is a standard candle that is expanding. - TRUE + FALSE
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{AGNs may be used as standard candles because? + they are extremely luminous + can be observed at very large distances + they emit their own light signature - GeV gamma rays + reverberation mapping + tight relationship between the luminosity of an AGN and the radius of its broad line region
 * type="[]"}

{True or False, Messier 31 is a planetary nebula. - TRUE + FALSE
 * type=""}

{Which of the following are associated with globular clusters as a standard candle? - characteristic mottling + luminosity functions + turnover point - incipient resolution + dispersion of the distribution - easy to recognize + log-normal function
 * type="[]"}

{True or False, Betelgeuse is a standard candle. + TRUE - FALSE
 * type=""}

{Which of the following are associated with standard candles? + Cepheid variables + Type Ia supernovae + the Sun + stellar spectral type + absolute magnitude + Tully-Fisher relation
 * type="[]"}

{Yes or No, Stars whose distances have been accurately determined with trigonometric parallax can be used as standard candles. + Yes - No
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{Which of the following are associated with classical Cepheids as a standard candle? - characteristic mottling + young, disk objects + recent star formation - incipient resolution + pulsation phenomenon - easy to recognize + correction for absorption
 * type="[]"}

{Complete the text: The empirical relationship between the luminosity of a spiral/irregular galaxy and its { rotational velocity (i) }, known as the luminosity-line-width or { Tully-Fisher relation (i) }, has become one of the most widely used { extragalactic (i) } distance indicators.
 * type="{}"}

{Which of the following are associated with elliptical galaxies as a standard candle? - observations made through a narrow band 5007 filter + luminous galaxies - star forming regions + the Faber-Jackson relation + relationship between luminosity and central velocity dispersion + quantitative techniques based on Fourier or cross correlation methods + strongly clustered - single dominant young stellar population
 * type="[]"}

{Complete the text: Match up the standard candle with a representative image: Tully-Fisher relation - A surface brightness fluctuations - B absolute magnitude - C globular clusters - D active galactic nuclei - E Type Ia supernova - F classical Cepheid variable - G novae - H planetary nebula - I { C (i) } { H (i) }. { A (i) }. { G (i) }. { F (i) }. { B (i) }. { E (i) }. { I (i) } { D (i) }.
 * type="{}"}

{Which of the following are associated with novae as a standard candle? + luminous + old stellar population - amount of Cherenkov light + relatively dust-free environments + MMRDs + easy to recognize
 * type="[]"}

Hypotheses

 * 1) A size independent standard candle is a better type of standard candle.