User:Marshallsumter/Radiation astronomy2/Subatomics/Quiz

Subatomic astronomy is a lecture and an article from the astronomy department. It is under development for possible inclusion in the course on the principles of radiation astronomy.

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Quiz
{True or False, An antimuon is a muon spinning backward in time. - TRUE + FALSE
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{Complete the text: Bombardment by protostellar { cosmic rays (i) } may make the rock { precursors (i) } of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions { CAIs (i) } and chondrules radioactive, producing { radionuclides (i) } found in meteorites that are difficult to obtain with other mechanisms.
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{True or False, Like all elementary particles, the meson has a corresponding antiparticle of opposite spin but equal mass and charge. - TRUE + FALSE
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{Ionization within the Earth's atmosphere from cosmic rays has what property? - it's subject to solar eclipses - it increases underwater - cosmic rays do not penetrate the atmosphere - is higher at the base of the Eiffel tower rather than the top - is obscured by hot-air balloons + the ionization rate rises at rising elevation
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{True or False, The radius of the proton is 4 percent smaller than previously estimated. + TRUE - FALSE
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{Which of the following are associated with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory? + under ice + the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station + Digital Optical Modules + the counting house is on the surface above the array - the baryon neutrino + the electron neutrino
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{True or False, In the sky as seen by AMANDA-II the downgoing atmospheric muon background is responsible for the thick band of events below the horizon. + TRUE - FALSE
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{What negatively charged particles may be used as tracers of cosmic magnetic fields? { electrons (i) }
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{Complete the text: Charged-current charged pion production is a process in which a { neutrino (i) } interacts with an atomic { nucleus (i) } and produces a { muon (i) }, a charged { pion (i) } and recoiling nuclear fragments.
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{TeV muons from gamma-ray primaries are rare because? + only produced by higher energy gamma rays + suppressed gamma-ray flux + decreasing flux at the source - GeV gamma rays + absorption + interstellar light
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{True or False, Due to the limited shielding provided by its relatively weak magnetic dipole moment, the surface of Mercury is everywhere subject to bombardment by cosmic rays. + TRUE - FALSE
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{Which of the following are associated with electromagnetics? + angular momentum transfer + solar wind + protons + electrons - the baryon neutrino + charge neutralization
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{Complete the text: The nuclear processes that produce cosmogenic 36Cl in rocks are { spallation (i) }, neutron { capture (i) }, and { muon (i) } capture.
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{True or False, Van Allen radiation belt electrons are constantly removed by collisions with atmospheric neutrals, losses to the magnetopause, and outward radial diffusion. + TRUE - FALSE
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{What are some of the characteristics of Jovian electrons? + hard spectrum + Jovian electrons near Earth are on their way to the Sun + an energy power law + flux increases with 27 day periodicities - at 1 AU, flux decreases exhibit a short-term modulation of 13 minutes - come in mutable varieties
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{Which of the following is not characteristic of a neutrino? - neutrinos are affected by the weak nuclear force + produced by a positron annihilating an electron - a decay product of a neutron - produced by the near surface fusion on the Sun - may have a mass - comes in mutable varieties
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{Complete the text: Match up the item letter with each of the possibilities below: Meteors - A Cosmic rays - B Neutrons - C Protons - D Electrons - E Positrons - F Gamma rays - G Superluminals - H X-ray jets { C (i) } the index of refraction is often greater than 1 just below a resonance frequency { H (i) }. iron, nickel, cobalt, and traces of iridium { A (i) }. Sagittarius X-1 { G (i) }. escape from a typical hard low-mass X-ray binary { F (i) }. collisions with argon atoms { B (i) }. X-rays are emitted as they slow down { E (i) }. Henry Moseley using X-ray spectra { D (i) }.
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{A cosmic ray may originate from what astronomical source? - Jupiter - the solar wind - the diffuse X-ray background - Mount Redoubt in Alaska - the asteroid belt + an active galactic nucleus
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{The relative abundances of solar cosmic rays reflect those of the solar { photosphere (i) }
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{Complete the text: Cosmic rays with energies over the { threshold (i) } energy of 5 x 1019 { eV (i) } interact with { cosmic microwave background (i) } photons to produce { pions (i) } via the $$\Delta$$ resonance.
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{True or False, Mesons inherit the high energy of the parent cosmic rays. + TRUE - FALSE
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{Complete the text: Muons are produced, along with other particles, when { cosmic rays|cosmic-rays (i) } interact with { atomic nuclei (i) } in the Earth's atmosphere to produce { showers|'showers' (i) } of secondary particles.
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{Which of the following are associated with muon astronomy? + high-energy cosmic rays + secondary and tertiary cosmic rays + nuclear interactions between neutrons and quartz + nuclear interactions between muons and calcite + production rates of a few atoms per gram of rock per year + build-up of cosmogenic nuclides through time
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Hypotheses

 * 1) Subatomics astronomy should help determine where in the solar octant neutrinos are being generated.