User:Mohiuddin abdul quader

= Portal:Non-formal Education = Jump to navigationJump to search

1 Definition

Der Begriff Screening bezeichnet in der Medizin zwei Begriffe:

Zum einen meint Screening die Vorsorgeuntersuchung nach Gesichtspunkten der Epidemiologie, die bei einem Querschnitt der Bevölkerung durchgeführt wird, beispielsweise eine Koloskopie bei Menschen über 55 Jahren zur Darmkrebsfrüherkennung.

Zum anderen ist damit eine viele Aspekte umfassende Untersuchung gemeint, die an einem einzigen Menschen stattfindet. Bestehen beispielsweise unspezifische Symptome, wird ein Patient "gescreent", also durchuntersucht. Es werden mehrere Organsysteme in Augenschein genommen, um Krankheiten diagnostizieren oder ausschließen zu können.

2 Ziele des epidemiologischen Screenings

Die Ziele des Screenings liegen in der Früherkennung von Krankheiten. Dadurch soll es zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität und Verlängerung der Lebensdauer kommen. Ein Screening kann sowohl der Primärprävention, als auch der Sekundärprävention dienen.

2.1 Voraussetzungen

Nicht jede Krankheit kann gescreent werden, dies würde zu viel Geld in Anspruch nehmen. Vielmehr geht es um so genannte Volkskrankheiten, die in bestimmten Populationen mit einer gewissen Wahrscheinlichkeit auftreten. Die Krankheit muss also in der Population von Bedeutung sein. Außerdem muss die Krankheit bei früher Erkennung eine bessere Behandelbarkeit besitzen.

Auch die für das Screening auf eine bestimmte Erkrankung angewandten Untersuchungen sollten gewisse Voraussetzungen erfüllen. Das Testverfahren muss eine hohe Sensitivität und Spezifität aufweisen, der Test soll also die gesuchte Erkrankung mit möglichst großer Sicherheit nachweisen oder ausschließen können.

Desweiteren soll der Test zeit- und kostengünstig sein. Als drittes soll die Untersuchung den zu Untersuchenden möglichst wenig belasten (z.B. geringe Strahlenbelastung).

3 Beispiele

Einige Beispiele für Screening-Untersuchungen sind:

Mammographie für Brustkrebs

PAP-Abstrich beim Zervixkarzinom

Bestimmung des PSA beim Prostatakarzinom

Koloskopien oder Gastroskopien zur Früherkennung von Karzinomen des Verdauungstrakts (Ösophaguskarzinom, Magenkarzinom, Kolonkarzinom)

iFOBT als Screening für das Kolonkarzinom

Risikofaktorenscreening für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen

Messung des Augeninnendruckes zwecks Glaukom-Screening

Neugeborenenscreening

Visuelles Screening (kampimetrisch, perimetrisch) zur funktionellen Überprüfung des Gesichtsfelds

Zu beachten ist, dass die GKV nicht die Kosten für alle Screening-Untersuchungen übernimmt.

1 definition

The term screening refers to two terms in medicine:

On the one hand, screening means the preventive examination based on epidemiological aspects, which is carried out in a cross-section of the population, for example a colonoscopy in people over 55 years of age for early detection of colon cancer.

On the other hand, it means an investigation that encompasses many aspects and that takes place on a single person. For example, if there are non-specific symptoms, a patient is "screened", i.e. thoroughly examined. Several organ systems are examined in order to be able to diagnose or rule out diseases.

2 objectives of epidemiological screening

The goals of screening are the early detection of diseases. This should lead to an improvement in the quality of life and a longer lifespan. Screening can serve both primary and secondary prevention.

2.1 Requirements

Not every disease can be screened, it would take too much money. Rather, it is about so-called widespread diseases that occur with a certain probability in certain populations. So the disease must be important in the population. In addition, the disease must have better treatability if detected early.

The tests used to screen for a particular disease should also meet certain requirements. The test procedure must have a high level of sensitivity and specificity, so the test should be able to detect or rule out the disease being looked for with the greatest possible certainty.

Furthermore, the test should be time- and cost-effective. Thirdly, the examination should cause as little stress as possible on the person being examined (e.g. low radiation exposure).

3 examples

Some examples of screening tests are:

Mammography for breast cancer

Pap smear in cervical cancer

Determination of PSA in prostate carcinoma

Colonoscopies or gastroscopies for the early detection of carcinomas of the digestive tract (esophageal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, colon carcinoma)

iFOBT as a screening for colon carcinoma

Risk factor screening for cardiovascular disease

Measurement of intraocular pressure for glaucoma screening

newborn screening

Visual screening (campimetric, perimetric) for a functional check of the visual field

It should be noted that the GKV does not cover the costs for all screening examinations

= Dementia = Jump to navigationJump to search This is a start page for learning about dementia (from the Latin for "without mind").

See also: Caregiving and dementia. The differences between a normal brain and the brain of a patient with severe Alzheimer's disease.

Contents

 * 1What is dementia?
 * 2How does dementia feel?
 * 3The numbers
 * 4Myths about dementia
 * 5Types of dementia
 * 6What is needed?
 * 7Quality of life
 * 8See also
 * 9References
 * 10External links

What is dementia?[edit | edit source]
Dementia is a gradual, serious loss of global cognitive ability in a previously unimpaired person, beyond what might be expected from normal aging.

Dementia is a very significant world-wide health care issue.

See also:


 * Dementia (Wikipedia)
 * What is Dementia? (Alzheimer's Australia fact sheet:)

How does dementia feel?[edit | edit source]

 * Read this Alzheimer's message board discussion about how it feels to have dementia and how this varies between people
 * Watch this 5 min. video about dementia and motivation

The numbers[edit | edit source]

 * 36 million people in the world have dementia (Banerjee, 2012)
 * It will double by 2030 and there will be 115 million with dementia by 2050
 * The social cost is enormous - US$600 billion per year (bigger than the biggest company of the world and biggest than cancer, diabetes, etc., i.e., around 1% of the world's economy, equivalent to the 18th biggest economy of the world)
 * 60% of the costs of aging care are due to dementia

See also: Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (Alzheimer's Association, USA, 2013)

Myths about dementia[edit | edit source]

 * It is not a normal part of ageing
 * That nothing can be done to help prevent or treat dementia
 * Stigma of dementia prevents discussion with the person with dementia
 * Having dementia means that a person is completely dependent

Types of dementia[edit | edit source]
Here is a description of some of the more well-known types of dementia (Access Economics, 2009) -


 * Alzheimer’s Disease, most common and usually affects the temporal lobes of the brain with consequent deterioration in memory,
 * Vascular Dementia, caused by mini strokes and more sudden onset than Alzheimers, can occur anywhere in the brain,
 * Dementia with Lewy Bodies (abnormal proteins form in certain areas of the brain) tends to affect the visual cortex among other areas of the brain,
 * Frontal Lobe and Fronto-Temporal Dementia (eg Pick’s Disease where abnormal amounts of tau protein form in nerve cells)
 * Alcohol-related Dementia (Korsakoff’s Syndrome)
 * Parkinsons Disease (affects nerve cells’ production of dopamine, which affects muscle movement and balance)
 * Huntingtons Disease is usually hereditary (behaviour changes such as irritability, moodiness, restlessness, paranoia and psychosis may be evident before movement problems emerge such as jerking movements, unsteady walking, involuntary facial movement)
 * AIDS-related Cognitive Decline

For more information, see Types of Dementia (Alzheimer's Australia)

What is needed?[edit | edit source]

 * National Dementia Strategies to prioritise health-care goals and strategies
 * Vision
 * System change
 * Ambition in scale
 * Investment
 * Commitment over time
 * Leadership
 * Health Promotion campaigns to educate carers, families, health professionals
 * Good-quality earlier diagnosis and intervention
 * Only a third of most of people with dementia received any special health care assessment or diagnosis. When they do it is:
 * late in the illness too late to enable choice
 * at a time of crisis
 * too late to prevent harm or crises.

Quality of life[edit | edit source]
Quality of life (QOL) is unrelated to severity of dementia. However, there is considerable variability in QOL. Quality of understanding, diagnosis, and care then are important aspects of the health and well-being of those with dementia.

See also[edit | edit source]
On Wikiversity:


 * Caregiving and dementia
 * Dementia and motivation (Book chapter)
 * Prevention of dementia
 * Category:Dementia

On Wikipedia:


 * Dementia
 * Caregiving and dementia
 * Category:Dementia

References[edit | edit source]

 * Banjeree, S. (2012). Professor Sube Banerjee commences Australian tour. Australian Alzheimer's Association.
 * Standard and Poor (2010). Global ageing 2010: An irreversible truth.
 * Alzheimer's Disease International (2011). Alzheimer Report.

External links[edit | edit source]

 * 1) Alzheimer's Association (USA)
 * 2) Alzheimer's Disease International (UK)
 * 3) Alzheimer's Association Australia
 * 4) Dementia Collaborative Research Centres (Australia)
 * 5) Dementia Today: Scientific news and professional views on Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias
 * 6) Facts about dementia from Alzheimer's Australia (University of Wollongong, Australia)

Categories:


 * Half-finished resources
 * Dementia

= Category:Diseases = Jump to navigationJump to search

Subcategories
This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total.

B

 * Biomarkers‎ (3 pgs)

C

 * COVID-19‎ (32 pgs)

E

 * Exercise and metabolic disease‎ (21 pgs)

H

 * Human diseases‎ (2 cats)

T

 * Tropical disease‎ (1 pg)

Pages in category "Diseases"
The following 17 pages are in this category, out of 17 total.

A

 * Acute coronary syndrome
 * Ascariasis

C

 * COVID-19/All-cause deaths/Infectious Diseases
 * COVID-19/Workflow Transformation
 * Cri du Chat

E

 * Ebola
 * Extrahepatic Manifestations of Liver Disease (OSCE)

I

 * Influenza cure research

M

 * Malaria

O

 * Obstetrics and Gynecology/Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
 * Obstetrics and Gynecology/Rhesus Disease
 * Open Source 3-D Printing/Adaptive Aid

P

 * Parkinson disease (OSCE)

R

 * Recreational Water Illnesses

S

 * Sexually transmitted diseases
 * Sexually Transmitted Diseases (OSCE)
 * Syphilis

Category:


 * Medicine

Navigation menu

 * Mohiuddin abdul quader
 * Alerts (4)
 * Notices (84)
 * My discussion
 * Sandbox
 * Preferences
 * Beta
 * Watchlist
 * Contributions
 * Log out


 * Category
 * Discuss


 * Read
 * Edit
 * Edit source
 * View history
 * Watch




 * Main Page
 * Browse
 * Recent changes
 * Guided tours
 * Random
 * Help
 * Donate


 * Portal
 * Colloquium
 * News
 * Projects
 * Sandbox
 * Help desk


 * What links here
 * Related changes
 * Upload file
 * Special pages
 * Permanent link
 * Page information
 * Wikidata item


 * Commons
 * Wikibooks
 * Wikidata
 * Wikinews
 * Wikipedia
 * Wikiquote
 * Wikisource
 * Wikispecies
 * Wikivoyage
 * Wiktionary
 * Meta-Wiki
 * Outreach
 * MediaWiki
 * Wikimania


 * Create a book
 * Download as PDF
 * Printable version


 * Wikipedia
 * Wikisource


 * العربية

Edit links


 * This page was last edited on 10 October 2008, at 19:09.
 * Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.

= Category:Military medicine = Jump to navigationJump to search

Pages in category "Military medicine"
The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total.

M

 * Military medicine
 * Military medicine/Cold weather environments
 * Military medicine/Dermatology
 * Military medicine/Hot weather environments

Helping Give Away Psychological Science/Telepsychology - Wikiversity

Helping Give Away Psychological Science/Telepsychology Guide for Patients - Wikiversity

Blood pressure (OSCE) - Wikiversity

Asthma (OSCE) - Wikiversity

Arterial blood gasses - Wikiversity

Category:Clinical skills - Wikiversity

= Anatomy = Jump to navigationJump to search This course teaches the structure of the human body. Learners will be able to access key resources to help them to better understand the basic components of the body. It is the first Level 1 Module of the Wikiversity School of Medicine as defined by the overall curriculum. This module is the work of the Department of Anatomy.

বেসিক মেডিকেল রিসার্চ এর জন্য আলবার্ট লস্কর অ্যাওয়ার্ড আমেরিকান লস্কর ফাউন্ডেশন দ্বারা পুরস্কার প্রদান করা হয়। পুরস্কারের লক্ষ্য হলো মৌলিক চিকিৎসা সংক্রান্ত গবেষণাগুলিকে পুরস্কৃত করা এবং উন্নীত করা। লস্কর ~ ডেবিকি ক্লিনিক্যাল মেডিকেল রিসার্চ অ্যাওয়ার্ডের পাশাপাশি এই পুরস্কার মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের সর্বোচ্চ চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞান পুরস্কার এবং "আমেরিকান মেডিসিন ইন নোবেল পুরস্কার" হিসাবে বিবেচিত হয়। 150 জন বিজয়ীর 65 (২013 সাল) পরে পদার্থবিদ্যা বা মেডিসিনে নোবেল পুরস্কার লাভ করেন, রসায়নের নোবেল পুরস্কারে নয়টি এবং পদার্থবিজ্ঞানে নোবেল পুরষ্কারের (আনার্স রুশকো) একজন। বেসিক মেডিকেল রিসার্চ জন্য আলবার্ট লস্কর অ্যাওয়ার্ড ছাড়াও, লস্কর ~ মেডিক্যাল সাইন্স (পূর্বে অ্যালবার্ট লস্কর অ্যাচিভমেন্ট অ্যাওয়ার্ড) সালে কোশল্যান্ড স্পেশাল অ্যাচিভমেন্ট অ্যাওয়ার্ডও রয়েছে।